加速度谐波失真度对速度型地震计振动台标定的影响

本文对加速度和速度谐波失真度进行了理论计算, 并基于美国国家仪器公司研发的实验室虚拟仪器工程平台(Labview), 设计出低频振动信号数字化测量系统, 实现了振动台面对加速度波形、 速度波形及其失真度的测量. 基于该系统的实验数据与中国计量科学研究院设定的参考值偏差较小. 对地震计的测试结果表明, 加速度波形及其失真度对振动波形的精度描述更为严格, 能有效提高地震计振动测试的准确程度.      

新一代多普勒天气雷达（CINRAD/CD）方位伺服系统典型故障分析及处理

根据方位伺服系统工作原理、故障现象和故障原因,对遵义新一代多普勒天气雷达运行7年多来10次发生的方位伺服系统故障维修工作进行归纳总结。认为：（1）遵义雷达出现的方位伺服系统故障可以归纳为5类典型故障,并对应找出具体维修措施;（2）方位伺服系统组成部件较多,而且分布在多个不同地方,检修工作难度大,维修人员需要掌握系统的组成和工作原理,然后进行分级判断和故障定位;（3）方位伺服系统维修常用检查仪器主要是示波器和三相万用表,因此要求技术保障人员熟练使用;（4）从发生故障部位来看,主要集中在方位驱动分机内,因此需要重点掌握方位驱动分机工作原理和分机内各部件工作原理,对应的检测参数和测量值,特别要记住一些检测波形。总之,随着雷达使用年限的增加,雷达设备故障率在增加,而故障维修工作纷繁复杂,如何保证较高的雷达可利用率,这就要求台站人员在了解技术说明书、原理图的基础上,在每次故障维修过程中及时总结各种故障维修措施,积累维修经验。     

呼和浩特国家基本站现址与拟迁新址观测资料对比分析

随着社会的发展气象站受城镇化的影响越来越大,选择一个有气象观测代表性的拟迁站址已经是现在位于城市或现有观测环境保护不好的气象站面临的一个重要问题,文章以呼和浩特国家基本站为例,探讨现址与拟选站址观测数据的对比分析,为拟迁气象站的观测资料分析提供一个思路和方法。     

Application of fractal models to characterization of vertical distribution of geochemical element concentration

Characterization of the vertical distribution of geochemical element concentration is essential for economic planning in the mining industry. 10 mineralized boreholes and 1 non-mineralized borehole from the Qulong copper deposit, Tibet, western China, were collected to identify the vertical distribution properties of Cu values using fractal models. The vertical distribution of Cu values in mineralized and non-mineralized boreholes shows a positive skewed distribution in the former and multimodal distribution in the latter. The results obtained by the box counting method show that the vertical distributions of Cu values in mineralized and non-mineralized boreholes exhibit self-similarity with box dimensions ranging from 1.28 to 1.37. The box dimensions of mineralized boreholes are greater than that of Cu values in the non-mineralized borehole, indicating that the mineralization makes the distribution of Cu values more irregular. The power-law frequency analysis reveals that Cu values in mineralized boreholes are bifractal. The two portions of the plot define a crossover point at 0.33%, for Cu values less than and greater than 0.33, fractal dimensions range from 0.1 to 0.65, in non-mineralized rocks, and range from 2.71 to 5.79, in the mineralized rocks. Hurst exponents for mineralized boreholes occur at 0.8, which are greater than 0.5, indicating that Qulong copper deposit has a good continuity of mineralization.     

Initial accretion of the North Qinling Terrane to the North China Craton before the Grenville orogeny: constraints from detrital zircons

Whether the North Qinling Terrane (NQT) was accreted to the North China Craton (NCC) in the Proterozoic is still a matter of debate. We report the first detrital zircon study from the Baishugou Formation, which forms the uppermost part of the Mesoproterozoic Guandaokou Group, at the southernmost NCC margin. Detrital zircons from carbonaceous silty phyllite in the lower part of the Baishugou Formation yield U–Pb ages peaking at ca. 2500 Ma, with minor peaks at ca. 2300–2000, 1800, and 1600 Ma, and εHf(t) values ranging from ?10.8 to +9.1. These zircons are considered to have been sourced from the NCC. In contrast, the middle-to-upper part of the formation contains detrital zircons which yield an age group ranging from 1800 to 1000 Ma, with peaks at 1800, 1500, 1300, and 1100 Ma; the zircons with ages of 1500–1300 Ma dominantly have εHf(t) values greater than +5 and the majority plot along the depleted mantle evolution curve. The striking difference between the U–Pb ages of the detrital zircons from the upper and lower parts of the formation suggests a shift in provenance. Magmatism at 1500–1300 Ma has not been reported from the southern margin of the NCC but has been discovered in the NQT. Hence, we deduce that the zircons from the upper part of the formation were primarily derived from the NQT, where an episode of crustal growth and magmatism is recorded between 1500 and 1100 million years. The variable sediment provenances imply that the NCC and NQT could be connected during the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic. The pattern of detrital zircon ages in the new sediments from the Baishugou Formation is distinct from those in the Kuanping Group and the Palaeozoic Erlangping Complex, which are at present sandwiched between the NCC and the NQT. The detrital zircons from these two groups are dominated by an age peak at ca. 1000 Ma, which is formed as the result of amalgamation of the NQT and the Rodinia Supercontinent during the Grenville orogeny. It is possible that the new sediments of the Baishugou Formation were deposited before Grenville orogeny.     

Mechanical Properties and Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Surrounding Rocks of Tunnels Excavated in Soft Rocks

As soft rocks are likely to soften, slime and swell while contacting water, the existence of soft rocks is harmful for stability of surrounding rocks and supporting structures of tunnels. Through uniaxial and triaxial tests under dry condition and triaxial test with different moisture contents, the mechanical properties and failure modes of soft rocks were studied under conditions that the schistosity plane of the rock samples was vertical to, presented an oblique angle with, and paralleled to the loading direction. The results showed that peak strengths in natural and water-bearing states increased with increasing confining pressures, while those in water-bearing state were 40% lower than those in natural state. The samples were mainly subjected to ductile failure in both natural and water-bearing states while the samples in natural state exhibited a certain brittle failure characteristic in post-peak phase. With the increase of confining pressures, the post-peak curve gradually became gentle after certain brittle failure while the post-peak stresses had an insignificant change. In comparison, the samples in water-bearing state showed significant post-peak disparity, that is, exhibited strong ductile failure characteristic. Moreover, the fitting relationship between triaxial compressive strength and moisture of soft rocks can be expresses as σ ₁ = Aω + B (A < 0, B > 0) while that between elasticity modulus and moisture can be expresses as E = Aω + B (A < 0, B > 0).     

Method to Reduce Bump at Bridge Approach of Open Expressway Using Horizontal Drilling Replacement

The physical and mechanical properties of bubble mixed light-weight soil (BMLS) were studied through laboratory penetration test, soak test and unconfined compressive strength test, and a method to treat vehicle bump at bridge approach of open expressway was put forward based on the condition, in which the BMLS was used to replace parts of road embankment by horizontally drilling holes on both sides of the embankment. Analyses show that the water absorption of BMLS can reach 25% maximally and its initial unit-weight cannot be restored after drying; after using BMLS horizontal drilling replacement, the surface subsidence and sedimentation rate gradually approach zero; and finally, satisfactory treatment performance for vehicle bump at bridge approach of open expressway has been obtained.     

科尔沁沙地草地植被对围封和放牧的响应

研究了科尔沁沙地疏林草地、针茅草原和草甸植被盖度、地上和地下生物量、物种多样性对围封和放牧的响应。结果表明：（1）围封与放牧草地的优势植物不同,围封草地植物群落优势植物为多年生禾本科植物,放牧草地中一年生植物和小半灌木优势明显。（2）围封和放牧草地的植物盖度、凋落物量、地上生物量和物种丰富度存在明显差异（P<0.05）;围封显著提高了植被盖度和地上生物量,由疏林草地、针茅草原到草甸,植物盖度和地上生物量逐渐增加,而3种草地植被凋落物量大小顺序为针茅草原> 疏林草地> 草甸;放牧条件下植物盖度、凋落物量和物种丰富度差异不显著（P>0.05）。（3）3种草地之间的地下生物量无显著差异（P>0.05）,但围封与放牧之间、不同土壤层次之间地下生物量存在明显差异（P<0.05）;围封显著提高草地的地下生物量（P<0.05）;草地地下生物量随着土壤深度表现出下降趋势（P<0.05）。长期放牧增加了草地一年生植物和小半灌木植物的优势,消除了不同草地之间植被盖度和物种丰富度的差异;而围封能提高草地多年生禾本科植物的优势、增加其物种丰富度,对于草地质量和植物多样性的恢复和保育具有积极作用。     

激光雷达用于地震预测

海地地震发生后,更多的余震持续摇晃着这个国家。这次Mw7．0级地震来得如此迅速、如此猛烈,让人束手无策。解决类似问题的关键在于认识地球表面的变化。目前,一种新的激光成像技术正在改变我们认识世界的方式。     

加州地震预警系统未来数年内建成

美国地球物理学联合会（AGU）于2009年12月14-15日在旧金山举行会议,根据会上提交的研究成果,未来几年内将建成加州地震预警系统。目前正在实施的该研究项目证实了建立加州地震预警系统的可行性,并展示了该系统建成后的布局。