呼和浩特国家基本站现址与拟迁新址观测资料对比分析

随着社会的发展气象站受城镇化的影响越来越大,选择一个有气象观测代表性的拟迁站址已经是现在位于城市或现有观测环境保护不好的气象站面临的一个重要问题,文章以呼和浩特国家基本站为例,探讨现址与拟选站址观测数据的对比分析,为拟迁气象站的观测资料分析提供一个思路和方法。     

广西气象站数据图文报告自动化制作系统的设计与实现

应用系统分布式模块结构的设计思路和基本功能开发了广西气象观测站数据的图文自动化制作系统平台,实现了信息自动转换、存储和图文报告制作的自动化.     

Distribution Characteristics of Pollutants and Their Mutual Influence in Highway Runoff

Many environmental pollution issues from highway runoff increasingly become a serious concern, which has been revealed by many previous studies. However, very less information is available on the distribution characteristics of pollutants and their mutual influence in highway runoff. In this paper, the partitioning of pollutant and particle size distribution were investigated based on the initial road runoff of 47 rainfall events from July 2007 to May 2009 on the Lukou section of the Nanjing Airport Expressway, China. This study is emphasizing on the analysis of the mutual impact of pollutant distribution and the relationship between particle size and pollutant distribution. The impact of rainfall characteristics, water temperature, and pH values in runoff samples on the pollutant distribution was also studied. Result shows that partitioning of different pollutants was varying significantly. Volume of particles in different sizes was different, with the highest volume of particles of 21–75 µm size. The distribution of COD highly affected the distribution of TN, and somewhat promoted the distribution of Pb in particles. TP, Pb, and Cd promoted distribution of each other's in particles. There was better competition among Zn, Cu, and Cd, when heavy metals combined with particles. The particles ranged between 21 and 75 µm size had an obvious impact on the distribution of COD, Pb, and TN in the particulate matter. TP in the particulate matter mainly distributed in particles ranged in 151–300 µm size. Rainfall duration significantly affected the Pb in particulate matter. The distribution of Zn in the particulate matter mostly was affected by pH values.     

Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization upon Surface Water Quality:A Pilot Study of Panzhihua Mining Town

In order to investigate the impact of urbanization and industrialization on surface water quality,a pilot study of Panzhihua mining town was carried out.The urbanization of Panzhihua region was dominated by industry development and population growth.The level of urbanization showed that it was 18.44% in 1965,and reached 45.99% in 1983.Then,it reached 53.71% in 2005,so the urbanization process was very rapid in Panzhihua region.In the process of industrialization,the level of industrialization was fluctuated...     

湖南常宁康家湾铅锌矿床角砾岩成因及其与成矿的关系

康家湾铅锌矿是一个大型多金属矿床,矿区内发育有大面积角砾岩。本文在详细地质工作的基础上,参照前人研究成果,探讨了该角砾岩成因及其与成矿的关系。根据角砾成分和空间分布等特征,矿区内角砾岩可划分为层间硅化角砾岩(Qb)、岩溶角砾岩(Kb)、崩塌角砾岩(Ba)和断层角砾岩(Bf)四种类型。分析认为角砾岩主要由构造与热液双重作用形成,分别经历构造破碎、热液交代及后期岩溶改造三个阶段。矿体主要赋存于层间硅化角砾岩中,少量角砾状矿石赋存于岩溶角砾岩中。据上认为,该套角砾岩成因与康家湾铅锌矿具有密切成因关系。     

合肥市清真寺房屋开裂原因及其维修加固方法的探讨

通过对大量的勘察资料的分析, 探讨和研究了清真寺房屋开裂原因, 提出了维修加固方法。     

Damage Characteristics of Altered and Unaltered Diabases Subjected to Extremely Cold Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Altered and unaltered diabases are commonly deposited on hydrothermally mineralized slopes. To study their damage characteristics during freeze–thaw cycles, they were sampled from Cihai iron ore mine located in an extremely cold region, Xinjiang, China and examined using acoustic and X-ray diffraction experiments to analyze the differences in their main mineral components and explore their damage characteristics under freeze–thaw conditions. Based on the results of these experiments, their damage and degradation patterns were obtained and the evolution of their physical characteristics including the rock mass loss rate (L _F), rock strength loss rate (R _σ ), P-wave velocity loss rate (V _l), and freeze–thaw coefficient (K _f) was analyzed. In addition, two groups of equations were established to characterize the relationships of these physical and mechanical properties of the rock specimens with the number and temperature of freeze–thaw cycles. The results show that the mineral composition of diabase changes during its alteration, showing increased clay and calcite, and the degradation and evolution patterns of the physical and mechanical parameters (L _F, R _σ , V _l, and K _f) of the altered rocks during freeze–thaw cycles are different from those of diabase, with the altered diabase exhibiting greater damage than the diabase.     

Contributions of anthropogenic and external natural forcings to climate changes over China based on CMIP5 model simulations

Based on observations and historical simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5) archive, the contributions of human activities(including greenhouse gases(GHGs), anthropogenic aerosols(AAs), and land use(LU)) and external natural forcings(Nat) to climate changes in China over the past 50 years were quantified. Both anthropogenic and external natural forcings account for 95%–99% of the observed temperature change from 1951–1975 to 1981–2005. In particular, the temperature changes induced by GHGs are approximately 2–3 times stronger than the observed changes, and AAs impose a significant cooling effect. The total external forcings can explain 65%–78% of the observed precipitation changes over the past 50 years, in which AAs and GHGs are the primary external forcings leading to the precipitation changes; in particular, AAs dominate the main spatial features of precipitation changes in eastern China. Human activities also dominate the long-term non-linear trends in observed temperature during the past several decades, and, in particular, GHGs, the primary warming contributor, have produced significant warming since the 1960 s. Compared to the long-term non-linear trends in observed precipitation, GHGs have largely caused the wetting changes in the arid-semiarid region since the 1970 s, whereas AAs have led to the drying changes in the humid-semihumid region; both LU and Nat can impose certain impacts on the long-term non-linear trends in precipitation. Using the optimal fingerprinting detection approach, the effects of human activities on the temperature changes can be detected and attributed in China, and the effect of GHGs can be clearly detected from the observations in humid-semihumid areas. However, the anthropogenic effects cannot be detected in the observed precipitation changes, which may be due to the uncertainties in the model simulations and to other issues. Although some results in this paper still need improvement due to uncertainties in the coupled models, this study is expected to provide the background and scientific basis for climate changes to conduct vulnerability and risk assessments of the ecological systems and water resources in the arid-semiarid region of China.     

新丰江水库6.1级地震前震序列分析

裂纹由初始的亚临界扩展到发生非线性动力学失稳这一整个物理过程呈加速释放征兆；加速是失稳的一个必要条件。若以方程ｄΩ／ｄｔ＝Ｃ／（ｔｆ－ｔ）ｎ表征这一加速过程，则可将该过程简要地概括为地震释放速率比例于失稳破裂前剩余时间的负幂。根据这一原理，对１９６２年３月１９日广东河源新丰江水库６．１级地震的前震序列进行回顾性分析，并推算出库区于３月下旬发生７级以上大地震。与实测主震相比，发震时间有所推迟，震级也偏高，但却能提前２０多天发出警报，有利于防震减突对策的布署。     

地震学在减轻矿山地质灾害中的应用进展

综述了煤矿安全对于地球物理应用的需求,以及近年来地震学在煤矿减轻地质灾害的应用进展,特别是微震监测分析在若干典型煤矿应用得到的初步成果。这些成果不但对于煤矿安全具有重要意义,而且对于认识构造地震成因和验证预测方法,也具有中尺度试验意义。