关于湖南省第三次国土调查工作的思考

2020年的年底,我国刚刚结束了第三次全国国土调查主体调查工作,二调和三调间隔10年,10年间我国在土地管理和调查方面,有了许多新的进展和有效的突破,本文将以湖南省为例对第三次全国国土调查工作进行一定的总结和思考,为以后更好地进行国土调查提供借鉴.     

Revealing ecosystem services relationships and their driving factors for five basins of Beijing

A clear understanding of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services(ESs) is the foundation for sustainable urban ecosystem management. Quantitatively identifying the factors that influence ES trade-offs and synergies can contribute to deepening ES research, from knowledge building to decision making. This study simulated soil conservation, water yield and carbon sequestration in Beijing, China, from 2015–2018. The spatial trade-offs and synergies of these three ESs within the five major river basins in Beijing were explored using geographically weighted regression. Furthermore, geographical detector was applied to quantitatively identify the driving mechanism of the environmental factors for the ES trade-offs and synergies. The results show the following:(1) the spatial relationships between soil conservation and water yield, as well as between water yield and carbon sequestration, were mainly trade-offs. There was a spatial synergy between soil conservation and carbon sequestration.(2) Regarding the spatial trade-off/synergy between soil conservation and water yield in Beijing, the dominant influencing factor was temperature/elevation, and the dominant interactions of the spatial trade-off and synergy between these two ESs in Beijing and the Chaobai River Basin are all manifested in the superposition of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, temperature, and elevation.(3) Topographic factors were the dominant factors influencing the spatial relationship between soil conservation and carbon sequestration in Beijing and its five major river basins. As a result of the distribution of water systems and hydrological characteristics of the basins, differences were observed in the effects of different combinations of interaction factors on the spatial relationship between these two ESs in different basins.(4) Temperature had the strongest explanatory power in terms of the spatial trade-offs and synergies between water yield and carbon sequestration. The interactions between precipitation and temperature and between precipitation and elevation were the dominant interactions affecting the spatial relationship between water yield and carbon sequestration in Beijing. Overall, the explanatory power of influencing factors on the trade-offs and synergies and the degree of interaction between factors coexist in different basins with consistency and differences. Therefore, understanding the quantitative characteristics of basin-scale spatial trade-offs and synergies between ESs is important for ecosystem management and the promotion of synergy in different basins.     

县域耕地保有量目标约束机制及预测研究——以广西灌阳县为例

区域差异性导致各地耕地保护的目标不同,县域耕地保有量预测目标是否合理关系到区域和全局的耕地保护压力程度,影响着耕地保有量的合理预测,对有效遏止圈地现象至关重要。在耕地外部性特征基础上提出耕地保有量外部性连环效应,并据此效应建立县域耕地保有量预测目标约束机制;通过分析灌阳县在上轮规划耕地保护情况和耕地保有量现状,将灌阳县耕地保有量预测目标定位为耕地均量动态平衡;预测规划目标年灌阳县耕地保有量目标及相关单项指标。     

两个气象应用项目软件的研制与应用

介绍了《三峡自动站报表软件》和《气象自记风报表信息化与格检、质检软件》的设计技术和基本功能。其中《三峡自动站报表软件》通过数据库视图技术从三峡水文气象数据库获取基本数据,通过SQL查询技术统计合计,最后通过开发动态链接库,调用Excel模版完成可视化报表;《气象自记风报表信息化与格检、质检软件》通过可视化界面,实现人工录入数据的采集、格检、保存,在此基础上进行对比质检和A模式存储。     

合肥市清真寺房屋开裂原因及其维修加固方法的探讨

通过对大量的勘察资料的分析, 探讨和研究了清真寺房屋开裂原因, 提出了维修加固方法。     

天津玛钢厂杂填土(城市垃圾)地基强夯法加固

本文主要介绍在3-7m厚的城市垃圾填筑土上,采用强夯法加固修建厂房和办公楼的地基的实践经验,以及强夯法加固施工质量的检测手段和方法。通过这一工程实践,为今后城市建设少占良田、场地,合理利用垃圾填料进行建设,开辟了新的途径。     

The Earth's natural pulse electromagnetic fields for earthquake time–frequency characteristics: Insights from the EEMD–WVD method

Monitoring the Earth's natural pulse electromagnetic field (ENPEMF) signal is a geomagnetic detection approach for the Earth internal and external studies, and it provides a reference for earthquake prediction. In this paper, the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition–Wigner Ville Distribution (EEMD–WVD) method is used to process the time sequences of the ENPEMF signal detected by GR‐01 receiving devices during the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake (April 20th, 2013). By obtaining the intrinsic mode function (IMF), the time–frequency–amplitude joint distribution and the energy spectrum of the ENPEMF signal, the suspected anomalies before the earthquake could be shown. The results illustrate the ENPEMF signal before an earthquake and its time–frequency characteristics based on an EEMD–WVD algorithm, proving useful information about the anomalies around the time of the earthquake.     

An application of the LTP＿DSEF model to heavy precipitation forecasts of landfalling tropical cyclones over China in 2018

Recently, a track-similarity-based Dynamical-Statistical Ensemble Forecast(LTP_DSEF) model has been developed in an attempt to predict heavy rainfall from Landfalling Tropical cyclones(LTCs). In this study, the LTP_DSEF model is applied to predicting heavy precipitation associated with 10 LTCs occurring over China in 2018. The best forecast scheme of the model with optimized parameters is obtained after testing 3452 different schemes for the 10 LTCs. Then, its performance is compared to that of three operational dynamical models. Results show that the LTP_DSEF model has advantages over the three dynamical models in predicting heavy precipitation accumulated after landfall, especially for rainfall amounts greater than 250 mm. The model also provides superior or slightly inferior heavy rainfall forecast performance for individual LTCs compared to the three dynamical models. In particular, the LTP_DSEF model can predict heavy rainfall with valuable threat scores associated with certain LTCs, which is not possible with the three dynamical models. Moreover, the model can reasonably capture the distribution of heavier accumulated rainfall, albeit with widespread coverage compared to observations. The preliminary results suggest that the LTP_DSEF model can provide useful forecast guidance for heavy accumulated rainfall of LTCs despite its limited variables included in the model.     

Hydrogeochemical Evolution of Interaction Between Surface Water and Groundwater Affected by Exploitation

Hydrogeochemical evolution of interactions between surface water and groundwater is crucial for guaranteeing water supply quality in a riverside water source area. This study focuses on the seasonal and spatial characteristics of hydrogeochemical evolution affected by groundwater exploitation in the Hulan water source area using hydrochemical analyses and stable isotope tracers. Results show that the concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) increase considerably during the dry season. A bicarbonate water type is primarily produced by the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum, as well as the cation exchange and human activities. Along the typical infiltration path, the proportions of surface water increase with proximity to the river from 8%-63% during the wet season to 11%-84% during the dry season, which are attributed to an increased hydraulic gradient by exploitation. The typical path is classified into two zones. The first is the intensive mixing zone (within 1 km) with increasing concentrations of major ions and TDS due to mixing effect. The second is the exploitation influence zone (1-3.3 km) with increased concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and HCO₃⁻ during the dry season due to two reasons of seasonal variations in evaporation, stronger water-rock interactions and mixing effects with increased surface water by exploitation.     

戈壁沙砾质地表沉积物全粒径分布模式及其对分选作用的指示意义

戈壁地表沉积物组分呈多峰态分布的特征,研究其全粒径分布模式是认识戈壁成因及形成过程的基础。目前粒度分布模式(对数正态分布、Weibull分布等)难以正确表达呈多峰态的沉积物粒度分布特征,本文利用单调递减函数P(d_i)=Cd_i^-μexp(-d_i/Dc),对戈壁地表沉积物粒度的全粒径分布模式进行解析。结果表明:(1)该函数能够反映出戈壁地表沉积物组分的全粒径分布特征,拟合优度R^2>0.99,参数C值范围为52.64～166.75,μ为-0.083～0.108,Dc为0.103～2.336;(2)在分选作用下,以富沙组分为主的戈壁地表,跃移组分含量高,μ值、Dc值偏小,以富砾组分为主的戈壁地表,蠕移及风蚀残余组分含量高,μ值、Dc值偏大;(3)全粒径分布模式参数值可以揭示洪积扇戈壁的分选沉积特征,为解析戈壁地表的成因以及风蚀风积作用提供新的指标参数。