甘蒙北山—东疆天山元古代古陆壳特征及其早古生代地壳类型

本文研究了甘蒙北山及东疆天山早古生代地壳类型,划分为元古代的古陆壳、早古生代洋壳、拉张型过渡壳、汇聚型过渡壳。早古生代沿着库米什—卡瓦布拉克—星星峡—小黄山一线自震旦世晚期由东向西逐渐开裂,于晚寒武世至早奥陶世全面打开,形成库米什—小黄山洋盆。其北侧由塔里木古板块北缘分离出中天山微大陆。且末断裂带斜贯全区,起了控制东西两侧构造发展的转换断层作用。甘蒙北山较东疆天山的地壳类型更为复杂,先后发育有奥陶纪拉张型过渡壳—裂谷带和志留纪汇聚型过渡壳—沟弧盆体系。晚古生代全区构造演化进入开合交替时期,其开时形成拉张过渡壳,早古生代洋区在库鲁克塔格北缘哈孜布拉克塔格地区延续到泥盆—石炭纪。     

基于51单片机的气象数据无线传输系统的设计开发

针对自动气象站探测数据短距离无线传输的需要,设计了一套气象数据无线传输系统。系统由发送器、接收器组成,基于51单片机和NRF905无线射频控制芯片开发。该系统对不同型号自动气象站具有良好的自适应能力。实现了气象数据的无线传输、显示和存储。经测试系统在环境适应性和传输能力方面均达到了设计要求,系统运行稳定、可靠。本文从工作原理,系统构成,硬件设计、单片机程序设计及系统测试几个方面对传输器开发方法进行了详细介绍。     

21层大气环流模式IAP AGCM-III的设计及气候数值模拟I.动力框架

设计了IAP (InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences)AGCM III,对其动力框架作说明和检验 ,时间积分采用改进的非线性迭代法。用Rossby Haurwitz波对框架进行了波型检验、能量检验和波速检验。结果表明 ,非线性迭代 3次的时间积分方案具有较好的稳定性 ,能够有效地抑制短波 ,同时对长波的歪曲较小 ,且时间积分步长可放得较大 ;该框架能够较长时间地保持Rossby Haurwitz 4波波型 ,在积分过程中能够较高精度地保持总有效能量守恒 ;模式计算的Rossby Haurwitz波速为每天西传 1 5个经度 ,这与理伦值很接近。     

Impact of future climate change on wheat production in relation to plant-available water capacity in a semiaridenvironment

Conceptions encompassing climate change are irreversible rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, increased temperature, and changes in rainfall both in spatial- and temporal-scales worldwide. This will have a major impact on wheat production, particularly if crops are frequently exposed to a sequence, frequency, and intensity of specific weather events like high temperature during growth period. However, the process of wheat response to climate change is complex and compounded by interactions among atmospheric CO₂ concentration_, climate variables, soil, nutrition, and agronomic management. In this study, we use the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM)-wheat model, driven by statistically downscaled climate projections of 18 global circulation models (GCMs) under the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 CO₂ emission scenario to examine impact on future wheat yields across key wheat growing regions considering different soil types in New South Wales (NSW) of Australia. The response of wheat yield, yield components, and phenology vary across sites and soil types, but yield is closely related to plant available water capacity (PAWC). Results show a decreasing yield trend during the period of 2021–2040 compared to the baseline period of 1961–1990. Across different wheat-growing regions in NSW, grain yield difference in the future period (2021–2040) over the baseline (1961–1990) varies from +3.4 to ?14.7 %, and in most sites, grain number is decreased, while grain size is increased in future climate. Reduction of wheat yield is mainly due to shorter growth duration, where average flowering and maturing time are advanced by an average of 11 and 12 days, respectively. In general, larger negative impacts of climate change are exhibited in those sites with higher PAWC. Current wheat cultivars with shorter growing season properties are viable in the future climate, but breading for early sowing wheat varieties with longer growing duration will be a desirable adaptation strategy for mitigating the impact of changing climate on wheat yield.     

Current and thermohaline characteristics of the Arabian Sea during January 1998

Based on a ship survey during January 1998, the characteristics of the flow, the thermohaline properties and the volume transport of the Arabian Sea are discussed. A strong westward flow exists between 10.5?N and 11?N, part of which turns to the south as the Somali current near the coast at about 10?N and the rest turns north. At the passage between the African continent and the So- cotra Island, the northern branch separates into two flows: the left one enters the passage and the right one flows eastward along the southern slope of the island. Off the island the flow separates once more, most of it meandering northeast and a small fraction flow- ing southeast. Volume transport calculation suggests that the tidal transport is one or two orders of magnitude smaller than the total transport in this region and it becomes more important near the coast. The average velocity of the flow in the upper layer (0-150 m) is about 20 cm s-1, with a maximum of 53 cm s-1 appearing east of the Socotra Island, and the subsurface layer (200-800 m) has an aver- age velocity of 8.6 cm s-1; the velocity becomes smaller at greater depths. The depth of the seasonal thermocline is about 100 m, above which there is a layer with well mixed temperature and dissolved oxygen. High-salinity and oxygen-rich water appears near the surface of the northern Arabian Sea; a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at 100 m depth along 8?N testifies the subduction of surface water from the northern Arabian Sea. Waters from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf also influence the salinity of the area.     

天津电力人体舒适度预报模型

为做好天津电力气象服务工作,提供符合电力负荷预测需求的人体舒适度预报产品,本文根据国内外多种人体舒适度预报模型,利用2002—2005年夏季天津逐日电力负荷数据和气象数据,计算天津市逐日平均人体舒适度,详细分析各模型计算结果与平均气温和气象负荷的对应关系。结果发现,UTCI模型、吕伟林室外预报模型和李源模型计算的人体舒适度更符合天津市人体舒适度感觉,且与电力气象负荷的线性相关性较好。鉴于吕伟林模型在我国应用较广,本文采用最小二乘法对吕伟林室外预报模型进行拟合订正,建立出符合天津市电力气象服务需求的人体舒适度预报模型。     

非迁移潮作用下的电离层赤道异常区单峰现象及其经度分布

当喷泉效应较弱而双峰结构发展不充分的时候,可能在赤道异常区仅能够观测到一个电子密度的峰值,称之为单峰现象.本文利用CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload卫星在2001-2010年的电子密度数据给出了单峰的发生规律,单峰在地方时早上08：00-10：00和下午16：00-19：00发生率高,发生位置在经度上呈现多波数分布,尤其在10：00-18：00明显：在分季时多呈现四波,而在冬至季时以三波为主.单峰发生多的经度,正好对应着双峰的结构特征较弱之处.究其原因,是非迁移潮的DE2和DE3分量调制了背景风场和大气发电机电场,在电场和喷泉效应减弱的经度,双峰结构难以形成时,就会表现为单峰结构.本文扩展了对单峰现象的地方时、季节和经度分布等规律的了解,明确了非迁移潮在其中施加的影响,由此,单峰同双峰现象一样可以用于研究非迁移潮对热层-电离层的作用.     

Identifying gravity anomalies caused by granitic intrusions in Nanling mineral district,China: a multifractal perspective

Several power‐law relationships of geophysical potential fields have been discussed recently with renewed interests, including field value–distance () and power spectrum–wavenumber () models. The singularity mapping technique based on the density/concentration–area (C–A) power‐law model is applied to act as a high‐pass filter for extracting gravity and magnetic anomalies regardless of the background value and to detect the edges of gravity or magnetic sources with the advantage of scale invariance. This is demonstrated on a synthetic example and a case study from the Nanling mineral district, Southern China. Compared with the analytic signal amplitude and total horizontal gradient methods, the singularity mapping technique provides more distinct and less noisy boundaries of granites than traditional methods. Additionally, it is efficient for enhancing and outlining weak anomalies caused by concealed granitic intrusions, indicating that the singularity method based on multifractal analysis is a potential tool to process gravity and magnetic data.     

我国东部春季土壤湿度影响夏季降水

该项目受到国家自然科学基金项目和国家基础研究发展规划项目的资助.最新研究成果揭示中国东部春季土壤湿度与夏季降水有联系.春季,从长江中下游到华北的土壤偏湿,对应着中国夏季东北和长江流域降水偏多,华北和南方降水偏少.