西沙群岛西科1井第四纪生物礁中典型暴露面的岩石学与孔隙特征

根据岩心观察、薄片鉴定和图像分析, 对西科1井第四纪发育的典型暴露面及其附近的岩石类型、成岩作用和孔隙类型进行了系统的分析.研究表明: 典型暴露面(埋深68.75~70.24 m)附近的岩石类型为骨架灰岩和泥粒灰岩, 成岩作用类型包括溶解作用、胶结作用、泥晶化作用和新生变形作用, 孔隙类型主要为粒间孔和粒间溶孔、粒内孔及粒内溶孔、生长骨架孔及其溶孔、铸模孔和晶间溶孔.碳酸盐矿物的悬垂状产状、生物体腔孔充填物的方解石化和普遍发育的溶解作用指示该深度段遭受了大气水淋滤的强烈改造.      

南缘霍玛吐构造带三维地质建模应用效果

霍玛吐构造带地表、地下地质结构复杂,受二维测网限制,合理地构造建模和准确的速度建场较难,是制约该区圈闭落实和油气发现的主要因素。采用深浅层分层控制法消除层面间的相互干扰、复杂断块分组控制法解决逆断裂上下盘层位关系搭建的难点、层位网格约束法快速准确修改模型局部异常,逐级分解建模,有效解决了复杂构造三维建模难点,最终建成符合实际的三维地质模型。应用井控模型约束三维转深技术实现了多信息约束下的层速度建模与转深。三维空间建模提高了构造解释三维空间合理性,同时为三维空间速度分析与建场提供基础,降低了构造成图误差,提高圈闭落实精度。     

Structural Evolution and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Upper Paleozoic Northern Ordos Basin, North China

The hydrocarbon potential of the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is not well known, compared to the other areas of the basin, despite its substantial petroleum system.Restoration of a depth-converted seismic profile across the Hangjinqi Fault Zone(HFZ) in the eastern Hangjinqi area shows one compression that created anticlinal structures in the Late Triassic, and two extensions in ~Middle Jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous, which were interrupted by inversions in the Late Jurassic–Early Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, respectively.Hydrocarbon generation at the well locations in the Central Ordos Basin(COB) began in the Late Triassic.Basin modeling of Well Zhao-4 suggests that hydrocarbon generation from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures of the northern Shanbei Slope peaked in the Early Cretaceous, predating the inversion in the Late Cretaceous.Most source rocks in the Shanbei Slope passed the main gas-migration phase except for the Hangjinqi area source rocks(Well Jin-48).Hydrocarbons generated from the COB are likely to have migrated northward toward the anticlinal structures and traps along the HFZ because the basin-fill strata are dipping south.Faulting that continued during the extensional phase(Late Early Cretaceous) of the Hangjinqi area probably acted as conduits for the migration of hydrocarbons.Thus, the anticlinal structures and associated traps to the north of the HFZ might have trapped hydrocarbons that were charged from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures in the COB since the Middle Jurassic.     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Host Rocks from the Tongyu VHMS Copper Deposit in the Western North Qinling Orogen and Their Geological Significance

Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE(e.g. Th, U, Pb and La) and depletion of HFSE(e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf). Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr(0.703457 to 0.708218) and εNd(t)(-2 to 5.8) indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd(t) diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf(t) values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores(2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma). The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.     

钨在矿物/熔体和溶液/熔体中的分配行为及其对成矿作用的影响

总结了钨(W)在地球不同圈层、不同相以及不同集合体之间的分配行为,并据此来探讨与花岗岩有关的热液型钨矿床的某些成因机制,并将W矿化所需的较高的浓集系数归因于这一系列不均匀分配行为的累积。同时强调了W在溶液/熔体体系,尤其是富F体系中的分配行为是理解其成矿机理的关键。热液中W主要以钨酸(根)和碱性钨酸盐离子存在,后因流经理化条件(温度、盐度、p H值)骤变而沉淀成矿。     

乌岩岭国家级自然保护区动态监测系统设计与实现

面向地理国情监测,以自然保护区监测为突破口,分析自然保护区监测内容,研究自然保护区多源异构数据整合、专题信息建模、多时态信息动态可视化等关键技术。在此基础上,以乌岩岭国家级自然保护区为例,构建保护区多层次、多尺度的基础空间数据库和专题数据库,实现保护区动态监测系统,形成动态标注、动态漫游、动态矢量等多种动态表达方式。该系统的建立为自然保护区监测和管理提供了有力的技术支撑,研究所形成的监测内容、关键技术和动态表达方式对地理国情监测具有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

黄土丘陵风沙区柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)林土壤水储量动态

对甘肃景泰不同种植密度的10年龄人工柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)林地,监测根周及行间土壤水分含量,并对监测资料进行量化分析。结果表明:(1)在垂直剖面上,根周土壤水分含量层次可分为蒸发层0~40cm、活跃层40~180cm和相对稳定层180~200cm;行间土壤水分含量层次可分为蒸发层0~40cm、活跃层40~120cm、相对稳定层120~200cm。(2)林地土壤水分主要靠天然降水补充,土壤水分储量年际变化随种植密度由高到低呈亏空-富余-亏空的变化趋势;综合考虑行距-土壤水分储量回归方程及冠积-行距回归方程,得出景泰地区合理种植密度为1 923株·hm-2。结果可为干旱区生态恢复和退耕还林提供科学依据。     

基于地理视角的智慧城市规划与建设的理论思考

智慧城市建设是推动城镇化发展的重要动力,其建设除了技术支撑之外,还应充分考虑信息技术对城市政府、企业和居民活动及其空间的影响。本文在对国内智慧城市建设现状与问题分析思考的基础上,认为智慧城市的出现是适应当前城市化战略转型、公共服务提升、社区发展和城市问题解决的必然趋势,从多源异构数据整合、信息系统和空间分析平台两个方面梳理智慧城市建设的关键技术,从流动空间以及新的人地关系、时空协调发展等方面提出智慧城市的理论支撑,并进一步明确地理学应对和研究重点。同时,提出基于城市地理研究的智慧城市规划与建设实践的主要方向,包括顶层设计、功能和空间布局、基础设施整合、城乡治理等内容。     

北半球夏季中高纬度大气阻塞对北极海冰变化的影响

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日500 h Pa高度场资料,对北半球夏季中高纬度大气阻塞特征进行统计分析,发现大气阻塞活动频率高的地区主要集中在白令海峡区域、鄂霍次克海区域、欧亚大陆区域及格陵兰区域。而通过NSIDC提供的卫星观测资料发现近30年夏季海冰容易减少的区域正好对应阻塞活动北部的高纬度地区。分别通过对以上4个区域有阻塞发生相对没有阻塞发生时的500 h Pa位势高度场、地面温度场、850 h Pa经向瞬变热通量输送和平流输送等异常变化场进行对比分析,结果发现夏季中高纬度阻塞频率的增加对海冰的减少有显著影响,主要体现在阻塞的发生发展可通过增加高纬度地面温度、对极地的热量输送和暖平流输送来加快海冰的融化。这种阻塞引起的热力作用在鄂霍次克海和欧亚大陆区域效果更为显著。