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551.
552.
随着国土二调、地籍调查、土地利用变更调查等任务开展,完成了多个基础地理数据和业务数据库的建设,但由于各种原因,多个部门多种地图形成的“多张图”,相对独立,不能实现统一管理,因此,数据的利用程度也不高,国土资源的全程展示难以实现,且数据本身还存在一些问题,还需要对数据进行一次大整理,国土资源“一张图”工程就是要通过数据的整理和转换,解决上述问题,让数据能够统一管理、充分利用。本文讲述了国土资源“一张图”的建设目标、建设内容,并将涉及到的数据、数据库管理系统及能够提供的服务进行了详细的阐述,为“一张图”工程的建设提供参考。 相似文献
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高分辨率卫星影像空间分辨率高,地物结构纹理信息突出,常用于土地利用监测、自然灾害预报等领域,但其所含的背景噪声影响了影像识别和分析的有效性和可靠性,因此,选取合适的滤波方法消除各种噪声成为遥感影像处理的首要任务。在遥感技术发展的几十年中,研究者们针对各种噪声类型已发展了多种滤波方法。本文分析了高分辨率遥感影像噪声的特点,介绍了一些传统的滤波算法和近年来广泛应用的新型滤波方法,并深入探讨各种滤波器的性能及其优缺点,为今后选择合适的算法消除高分辨率遥感影像噪声提供参考,最后对遥感影像滤波方法的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
556.
本文给出利用中国、意大利、南非射电望远镜对一个近赤道源样本在5GHz频率上进行MK2VLBI普测中10颗弱源的相关流量和其中部分源用HartRAO望远镜观测的总流量值,作为进一步的MK3或VLBA记录系统的VLBI观测依据. 相似文献
557.
The Barcelona basic model (BBM) successfully explained many key features of unsaturated soils and received extensive acceptance. It is also one of the few elastoplastic constitutive models for unsaturated soils that have been implemented within finite element codes and applied to the analysis of real boundary value problems. The BBM was proposed in incremental forms according to theories of soil plasticity in which individual aspects of the isotropic virgin behavior are controlled by multiple parameters, whereas at the same time, a single parameter controls more than one aspect of soil behavior. Although a variety of methods have been recently developed for calibrating model parameters for elastoplastic soil models, at present, there are no well‐established, simple, and objective methods for selecting parameter values in the BBM from laboratory tests. This has been one of the major obstacles to the dissemination of this constitutive model beyond the research context. This article presents an optimization approach especially developed for simple and objective identification of material parameters in the BBM. This is achieved by combining a modified state surface approach, recently proposed to model the elastoplastic behavior of unsaturated soils under isotropic stress conditions, with the Newton or quasi‐Newton method to simultaneously determine the five parameters governing isotropic virgin behavior in the BBM. The comparison between results using the proposed method and an existing method for the same laboratory tests was discussed from which the simplicity and objectivity of the proposed method were evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
558.
Extreme waves caused by tsunamis and storm surges can lead to soil failures in the near‐shore region, which may have severe impact on coastal environments and communities. Multiphase flows in deformable porous media involve several coupled processes and multiple time scales, which are challenging for numerical simulations. The objective of this study is to investigate the roles of the various processes and their interactions in multiphase flows in unsaturated soils under external wave loading, via theoretical time‐scale analysis and numerical simulations. A coupled geomechanics–multiphase flow model based on conservation laws is used. Theoretical analysis based on coupled and decoupled models demonstrates that transient and steady‐state responses are governed by pore pressure diffusion and saturation front propagation, respectively, and that the two processes are essentially decoupled. Numerical simulations suggest that the compressibility of the pore fluids and the deformation of the soil skeleton are important when the transient responses of the media are of concern, while the steady‐state responses are not sensitive to these factors. The responses obtained from the fully coupled numerical simulations are explained by a simplified time‐scale analysis based on coupled and decoupled models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
559.
广州市美丽乡村空间分异特征及其影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以广州市已公布的4批美丽乡村建设试点数据为基础,通过最邻近指数、基于Riple’s函数的多距离空间聚类分析、核密度分析和叠置分析等方法,探讨了广州市美丽乡村的发展现状、空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明:1)自2013年起,广州市美丽乡村数量逐年递增且增长率呈现上升趋势;2)广州市美丽乡村空间分布呈明显的集聚型分布;3)Ripley’s函数分析表明美丽乡村要素点空间分布格局随距离变化略有不同,在0.14 km处集聚强度达到最大;4)核密度分析显示美丽乡村高密度区域主要分布在广州南部和西北部,包括番禺-南沙1个热点主核心区和从化、花都-白云2个热点副核心区,密度分布呈现多核心不均衡特点;5)乡村的地形水文、人文历史、交通区位和政策规划为美丽乡村空间分布的主要影响因素,其中,政策规划因素对“美丽乡村群”空间格局的形成起决定性影响。空间分布特征总体反映出广州市美丽乡村规划建设初见成效,并逐步形成以热点核心区为基础的“美丽乡村群”。最后,在乡村选点、空间优化、价值提升以及乡村治理等方面提出若干建议。 相似文献
560.
In the face of increasing urbanization, there is growing interest in application of microscale hydrologic solutions to minimize storm runoff and conserve water at the source. In this study, a physically based numerical model was developed to understand hydrologic processes better at the urban residential scale and the interaction of these processes among different best management practices (BMPs). This model simulates hydrologic processes using an hourly interval for over a full year or for specific storm events. The model was applied to treatment and control single‐family residential parcels in Los Angeles, California. Data collected from the control and treatment sites over 2 years were used to calibrate and validate the model. Annual storm runoff to the street was eliminated by 97% with installation of rain gutters, a driveway interceptor, and lawn retention basin. Evaluated individually, the driveway interceptor was the most effective BMP for storm runoff reduction (65%), followed by the rain gutter installation (28%), and lawn converted to retention basin (12%). An 11 m3 cistern did not substantially reduce runoff, but provided 9% of annual landscape irrigation demand. Simulated landscape irrigation water use was reduced 53% by increasing irrigation system efficiency, and adjusting application rates monthly based on plant water demand. The model showed that infiltration and surface runoff processes were particularly sensitive to the soil's physical properties and its effective depth. Replacing the existing loam soil with clay soil increased annual runoff discharge to the street by 63% when climate and landscape features remained unchanged. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献