分布式传感器网络系统的网络预测控制

本文针对分布式传感器网络系统的Fornasini-Marchesini （FM）状态空间模型,对系统的预测控制器设计问题进行研究.特别是针对所考虑的二维FM传感器网络系统,提出了一种新的网络预测控制方案来补偿通信时滞.首先,根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,给出了二维系统保持稳定的充分条件;然后利用稳定性条件,提出了一种新的预测控制器设计策略并保证系统的控制性能;最后,通过一个数值实例验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

新降雪密度估算方法研究进展

降雪深度预报是北方地区冬季气象服务的重点和难点,新降雪密度估算是降雪深度预报的关键技术。本文回顾了新降雪密度估算中需要着重考虑的气象要素,并对国内外广泛使用的几类新降雪密度估算方法进行了详细的介绍和对比,在此基础上,评述几种估算方法的特点、局限性以及它们之间的承接联系,并对未来新降雪密度估算的发展方向进行了展望。主要结论为:(1)温度、风速、湿度的垂直分布及太阳辐射、降水量是影响新降雪密度的重要气象要素。(2)目前被广泛应用的新降雪密度估算方法有设为常数法、建立公式法、后处理诊断法和基于微物理过程法等四类,四种方法各具特点和局限性,且存在着上下承接关系。(3)较为科学的后处理诊断法和基于微物理过程法有着各自的相对优势也有着难以克服的不足,未来新降雪密度的估算需要在这两种方法的相互促进、共同提高中逐步发展。     

基于COM组件的单站数值预报结果提取与网络动态发布方法

为实现对海量数值预报产品的高效应用和对单站数值预报结果的网络共享,针对ECMWF、T639等数值预报产品特点,创建了一种单站数值预报结果的提取方法,并基于COM组件实现其结果的网络动态发布.本文给出了网络服务器端单站数值预报结果提取COM组件设计的一般思路和关键程序代码,解决了单站数值预报结果的快速提取、直观显示和网络动态实时发布问题.     

ECMWF集合预报统计量在江西降水预报中的检验分析

利用江西省93个国家气象观测站降水量资料,对2014年ECMWF集合预报降水统计量进行逐6 h和24 h晴雨检验、降水分级检验及区域性暴雨检验。结果表明:1)10%、25%、Mode、融合、最小值在晴雨预报准确率方面较控制预报更有参考价值。2)对于全年降水分级检验,10%、25%、Mode、融合、最小值这5个统计量在小雨的预报方面较控制预报更有参考价值;中位数、概率对中雨的ETS评分要略高于控制预报;90%、75%、概率对大雨预报比控制预报好。对于暴雨预报,最大值、90%、融合比控制预报好;融合、最大值对大暴雨落区的指示意义不大,但对大暴雨量级降水的可能性可以供预报员参考。3)对于区域性暴雨预报,90%、融合、最大值的预报技巧比控制预报高,最大值虽然空报较严重,但对降水量级有一定的指示意义。集合预报各统计量对于强降水过程爆发或发展阶段的预报效果不如降水过程成熟期或末期好。     

甘肃黄土高原水热气候异常阶段特征

利用1960～2004年相关地面实测气象资料,分析甘肃黄土高原地区水热气候异常变化的阶段性特征。结果表明,该地区地表变暖最为突出,夏半年增幅明显大于冬半年,地温随深度加深增温幅度越大;降水日数减少,连阴雨天气时段缩短、过程雨量减少,无雨时段增长,日照出现2次突变、呈现下降趋势;降水日数在1991年后突变减少,最长连续降水日数及过程降水量在1978年后突变减少。     

Accuracy validation of TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis daily precipitation products in the Lancang River Basin of China

Using statistical methods and contingency table method, this paper evaluates the accuracy of 12 years (1998–2009) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) daily-accumulated precipitation products within a year, the dry season, and rain season for each of the five subbasins and for each grid point (0.25?×?0.25°) in the Lancang River basin by comparing the results with data from the 35 rain gauges. The results indicate that TMPA daily precipitation estimates tend to show an underestimation comparing to the rain gauge daily precipitations under any scenarios, especially for the middle stream in the dry season. The accuracy of TMPA-averaged precipitation deteriorates with the increase of elevation at both basin and grid scale, with upstream and downstream having the worst and best accuracy, respectively. A fair capability was shown when using daily TMPA accumulations to detect rain events at drizzle rain and this capability improves with the increase of elevation. However, the capability deteriorates when it is used to detect moderate rain and heavy rain events. The accuracy of TMPA precipitation estimate products is better in the rain season than in the dry season at all scenarios. Time difference and elevation are the main factors that have impact on the accuracy of TMPA daily-accumulated precipitation products.     

温室黄瓜低温气象灾害指标

以黄瓜品种津优35号(Jingyou 35)为试材,于2011年设计不同低温（5、7、9、11 ℃,以25 ℃为对照）处理的人工环境控制试验,系统研究不同低温胁迫对黄瓜叶片光合作用特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：黄瓜叶片最大光合速率随低温胁迫程度的增加依次降低;在不同低温胁迫下,随胁迫时间的延长,黄瓜叶片光补偿点不断升高,光饱和点不断降低;在5 ℃、7 ℃和9 ℃低温处理下,随胁迫时间的延长,光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率呈下降趋势,光化学淬灭不断降低,非光化学淬灭的变化趋势相反;黄瓜叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶活性随着处理温度的降低先升高后下降;过氧化物酶活性在9 ℃处理24 h后达到最高;过氧化氢酶活性随着处理温度的降低而升高;丙二醛含量大于对照,随胁迫程度的增加先升高,后略有下降。通过研究建立了温室黄瓜低温气象灾害指标,划分为4个等级,分别为轻度、中度、重度和极重,可为设施农业气象服务提供科学依据。     

A new lunar absolute control point: established by images from the landing camera on Chang'e-3

The establishment of a lunar control network is one of the core tasks in selenodesy, in which defining an absolute control point on the Moon is the most important step. However, up to now, the number of absolute control points has been very sparse. These absolute control points have mainly been lunar laser ranging retroreflectors, whose geographical location can be observed by observations on Earth and also identified in high resolution lunar satellite images. The Chang'e-3(CE-3) probe successfully landed on the Moon, and its geographical location has been monitored by an observing station on Earth. Since its positional accuracy is expected to reach the meter level, the CE-3 landing site can become a new high precision absolute control point. We use a sequence of images taken from the landing camera, as well as satellite images taken by CE-1 and CE-2, to identify the location of the CE-3 lander. With its geographical location known, the CE-3 landing site can be established as a new absolute control point, which will effectively expand the current area of the lunar absolute control network by 22%, and can greatly facilitate future research in the field of lunar surveying and mapping, as well as selenodesy.     

Isolation and biological characteristics of aerobic marine magnetotactic bacterium YSC-1

1 INTRODUCTION Magnetotactic bacteria are able to respond and orient along the direction of terrestrial or artificial magnetic field, a behavior referred to as magneto- taxis. In the majority of magnetotactic bacteria, the magnetosomes are 25–120 nm in d…