吉林夹皮沟金矿稳定同位素地质及找矿方向

吉林夹皮沟金矿床成因,多年来一直存在变质热液和岩浆热液之争。在金矿带北侧海西期花岗岩内和南侧白山镇一带变质岩地区进行外围找矿始终没有突破性进展。在前人研究基础上,通过一些补测工作对夹皮沟金矿稳定同位素地质给予新的认识。Ｓ和Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｏ流体主要来自地幔,部分Ｓ和Ｓｉ、Ｐｂ、Ａｕ主要来自花岗岩和古老变质层状岩系,成矿远景区应重点选定在夹皮沟—大砬子深大断裂两侧中生代脉岩体附近。     

有色示踪剂模拟槽实验图像分析法

图像分析法是处理有色示踪剂模拟槽实验结果的常用方法之一。本文以食用亮蓝为示踪剂,从污染物的检测精度和污染羽描绘的准确度两个方面将图像分析法与传统取样法进行对比,并利用Matlab编程对模拟槽内的污染物贮存质量进行定量计算。结果表明,与传统取样法结果相比：图像分析法的检测精度可提高1个数量级;污染羽的描绘准确度至少可提高3%左右,在实验所设置的非均质条件下可提高17%左右。利用自行编制的Matlab程序对本实验模拟槽内贮存亮蓝质量进行计算可得,当剖分格数为3 700²（1 369万）时,亮蓝贮存质量的计算值最接近实测值,最小误差仅为0.5%。综合来讲,图像分析法是一种准确度高、空间分辨率高的信息采集和处理手段,可实现对非均质地层中有色示踪剂运移过程更为精细的描述。     

三元复合驱采出污水回注渗透率的影响因素分析

基于大庆油田三元复合驱采出污水回注对地层存在的损害现象,研究了污水回注渗透率的影响因素。采用室内水驱实验方法,对三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等因素进行了分析,阐述了各种成分对渗透率的影响机理。结果表明,悬浮物颗粒会堵塞孔隙喉道,油产生的“贾敏效应”将增大油水流动阻力,碱与岩石及黏土矿物问的物理化学作用会使地层结垢,聚合物在岩芯中的吸附和滞留共同造成地层渗透率的下降。因此,建议将三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等处理合格后再进行回注,以减轻对地层的损害。     

西藏南木林普洛岗岩体锆石定年和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对冈底斯中段南木林县普洛岗乡花岗岩岩体进行了原位锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析。2个花岗岩样品加权平均年龄分别为(44.3±1.1)和(44.5±1.1) Ma,代表该岩体的岩浆结晶年龄为始新世。岩石地球化学资料显示,花岗岩SiO₂质量分数为60.53％~65.28%,K₂O+Na₂O质量分数为6.53％~7.98%,Al₂O₃质量分数为15.52％~16.13%,铝饱和指数为0.86~0.91,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类。花岗岩轻稀土元素相对较富集,具有明显的Eu负异常,微量元素中亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和富集Rb、Th、U、Pb。锆石Hf同位素初始比值ε_Hf(t)值为8.8~11.1,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf 为0.282 994~0.283 060,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为422~557 Ma,反映了其岩浆来源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融。普洛岗乡花岗岩的形成与新特提斯洋向北俯冲、俯冲板片折返断离有关。     

The effects of soil sand contents on characteristics of humic acids along soil profiles

It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) are influenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction, humic acid (HA), along two soil profiles, a yellow soil profile and a purplish soil profile, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humification degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E₄/E₆ ratios of HAs along the soil profiles indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil profiles. A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil profiles indicate that humification processes decrease downward along both the soil profiles. Leaching of SOM shows significant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil profile but the purplish soil profile, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil profiles are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil profiles, however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil profiles needs more researches.     

Pretreatment of high strength waste emulsions by combined vibratory shear enhanced process with Fenton oxidation

Pretreatment of waste emulsions with high organic content by a combined process of vibratory shear enhanced process and Fenton’s oxidation prior to biological treatment was investigated. Vibrating membrane had shown good performance in chemical oxygen demand and oil removals and the mitigation of concentration polarization. However, the permeate after filtration processing still contained high content of organics. Thus, additional Fenton oxidation was applied to reduce the organic loading, and improve the biodegradability of the wastewater. The optimal molar ratio of ferrous iron to hydrogen peroxide was 0.05 obtained from the jar-test experiments. Removal of organics was enhanced by increasing hydrogen peroxide dosage, while efficiency of hydrogen peroxide reached maximum of 1.11(w/w) at the hydrogen peroxide dosage of 6.8 g/L. Furthermore, the biological experiments indicated that the high concentration of organics could inhibit microbial activity, which decreased the chemical oxygen demand degradation rates. The adaptive period of the microbe was greatly shortened using Fenton’s reagent at the low dosages. The improvement of the biodegradability could be explained by partial mineralization and chemical transformation of parent organic compounds after Fenton oxidation.     

渝东北地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及其勘探方向探讨

渝东北地区五峰组—龙马溪组暗色泥页岩沉积厚度介于30.92~164.47m之间,其中在朝阳镇咸池剖面及田坝一带厚度最大,往研究区东西两侧具有减薄的趋势。全区总有机碳含量平均3.32%,中部(平均3.93%)和西部(平均3.59%)相对东部(平均2.77%)具有更高的有机质丰度。有机质以I型腐泥型为主,西部个别剖面及东部栗子坪一带夹少量Ⅱ_1—Ⅱ_2型干酪根,其成熟度普遍处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,呈现自北向南升高的趋势。石英、脆性矿物含量普遍较高(尤其是中西部区块),黏土矿物较低,更易产生储气裂缝及利于后期压裂。储层特征方面,中部地区泥页岩具有更高的孔隙度和较低的渗透率,同时比表面积也相对更高,以有机质孔隙为主。中部区块田坝—朝阳—文峰一带含气性最好,结合页岩厚度、总有机碳含量分布、储层条件及构造保存条件分析,本区中部区块田坝—朝阳—文峰一带具有更好的页岩气勘探前景,是该区下一步勘探的重点区域。     

Chemical composition of rock-forming minerals and crystallization physicochemical conditions of the Middle Eocene I-type Haji Abad pluton,SW Buin-Zahra,Iran

The Haji Abad intrusion is a well-exposed Middle Eocene I-type granodioritc pluton in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA). The major constituents of the investigated rocks are K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, pyroxene, and minor Fe–Ti oxide and hornblende. The plagioclase compositions fall in the labradorite, andesine, and oligoclase fields. The amphiboles range in composition from magnesio-hornblende to tremolite–hornblende of the calcic-amphibole group. Most pyroxenes principally plot in the field of diopside. The calculated average pressure of emplacement is 1.9 kbar for the granodioritic rocks, crystallizing at depths of about 6.7 km. The highest pressure estimated from clinopyroxene geobarometry (5 kbar) reflects initial pyroxene crystallization pressure, indicating initial crystallization depth (17.5 km) in the Haji Abad granodiorite. The estimated temperatures using two-feldspar thermometry give an average 724 °C. The calculated average temperature for clinopyroxene crystallization is 1090 °C. The pyroxene temperatures are higher than the estimated temperature by feldspar thermometry, indicating that the pyroxene and feldspar temperatures represent the first and late stages of magmatic crystallization of Haji Abad granodiorite, respectively. Most pyroxenes plot above the line of Fe³⁺?=?0, indicating they crystallized under relatively high oxygen fugacity or oxidized conditions. Furthermore, the results show that the Middle Eocene granitoids crystallized from magmas with H₂O content about 3.2 wt%. The relatively high water content is consistent with the generation environment of HAG rocks in an active continental margin and has allowed the magma to reach shallower crustal levels. The MMEs with ellipsoidal and spherical shapes show igneous microgranular textures and chilled margins, probably indicating the presence of magma mixing. Besides, core to rim compositional oscillations (An and FeO) for the plagioclase crystals serve as robust evidence to support magma mixing. The studied amphiboles and pyroxenes are grouped in the subalkaline fields that are consistent with crystallization from I-type calc-alkaine magma in the subduction environment related to active continental margin. Mineral chemistry data indicate that Haji Abad granodiorites were generated in an orogenic belt related to the volcanic arc setting consistent with the subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the central Iranian microcontinent.     

Geology and Lead–Sulphur Isotope Compositions of the Tongyu Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulphide Copper Deposit in the Western Part of the North Qinling Orogen, China

The Tongyu copper deposit, located in the western part of the North Qinling Orogen, China, is one of several volcanic-hosted massive sulphide(VHMS) deposits with industrial value and is also a typical example of mineralization related to the subduction and metallogenesis during the Caledonian orogeny. We conducted systematic lead-sulphur isotope geochemical analyses of the Tongyu deposit to understand the possible ore-forming material sources and tectonic settings. Twenty-six sulphide samples yielded clustered δ~(34)S_(CDT) values of 1.13‰-3.36‰, average 2.22‰, and show a tower-type distribution,implying that the sulphur of the Tongyu copper deposit mainly originated from a mantle source. The Pb isotope compositions of sulphides(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb = 17.59225-18.56354, average 18.32020; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.51770-15.69381, average 15.66217; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 37.99969-39.06953, average 38.52722) are close to the values of the volcanic host rocks(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb= 18.10678-18.26293, average 18.21158; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.63196-15.68188, average 15.65345; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.43676-38.56360, average 38.49171), thus consistent with the Pb in ores and volcanic host rocks having been derived from a common source that was island-arc Pb related to oceanic crust subduction. The northward subduction of the Palaeo-Qinling oceanic crust triggered dehydration of the slab, which generated a large amount of high-oxygen-fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid. The fluid rose into the mantle wedge, activated and extracted metallogenic material and promoted partial melting of the mantle wedge. The magma and ore-forming fluid welled up and precipitated, finally forming the Tongyu VHMS copper deposit.     

地形对于气流运动影响的数值研究

建立了二维、非静力平衡的数值模式，研究地形对上游气流的阻挡以及大振幅背风波谷与下坡风的形成。结果表明：地形的阻挡效应受地形高度、大气层结及地形非对称性等因子的影响。数值试验与理论分析都证明地形越高、层结越稳定时阻挡作用越强；同样条件下，迎风坡坡度大的地形容易对气流形成阻挡。此外，分析了地形高度、大气层结、地形非对称性以及基本入流大小对背风波谷及下坡风强度影响的规律，并通过一次实际观测对数值模拟结果进行了检验。