Scale Effects on Chlorophyll-A Concentration Retrieved: Assessment and Validation Using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite

To understand the scale effects on chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration retrieved from satellite images, the two-band algorithm (TA) and three-band algorithm (TBA) were constructed for estimating chl-a from satellite images. Two synchronous images of Advanced Wide-Field Sensor (AWiFS) and Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS) of Indian remote sensing satellite were used to assess and validate the scale errors of these two algorithms. They were collected at local time 02:55:46:471 and 02:58:25:053 on October 8, 2005 in Yellow River Estuary, and their spatial resolutions are 24 m and 56 m, respectively. From the results of this study, it was found that: (1) the relative scale error (RSE) of TA and TBA, caused by scale changing from LISS to AWiFS, varied from 0% to 100%; (2) the RSE was correlated with the spatial non-homogeneous degree of chl-a distribution; and (3) using TBA to estimate chl-a concentration in Yellow River Estuary decreased 2.55% of model uncertainty, but increased 4.97% of scale errors, in comparison with TA. Additionally, the study indicated that the performance of algorithms for chl-a estimation was greatly affected by the scale error. If the scale effects of chl-a retrieval algorithm were taken into consideration, TA had a superior performance to the TBA in this study.     

广州市第二次全国土地调查1：2000土地利用现状图输出

标准分幅土地利用现状图制作与输出是广州市第二次全国土地调查的一项重要工作。由于国家、省没有1：2000土地利用现状图的标准或技术规程,根据我市作业模式、数据特点,制定了技术要求,开发了由建库数据到制图数据的转换程序,依据上交给国家、省的数据库成果,完成了全市十区两市10225幅图的电子数据制作,并打印纸质图件归档。     

三维城市模型的研究与实践(英文)

The way we interact with spatial data has been changed from 2D map to 3D Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE). Three-dimensional representations of geographic information on a computer are known as VGE, and in particular 3D city models provide an efficient way to integrate massive, heterogenous geospatial information and georeferenced information in urban areas. 3D city modeling (3DCM) is an active research and practice topic in distinct application areas. This paper introduces different modeling paradigms employed in 3D GIS, virtual environment, and AEC/FM. Up-to-date 3DCM technologies are evolving into a data integration and collaborative approach to represent the full spatial coverage of a city, to model both aboveground and underground, outdoor and indoor environments including man-made objects and natural features with 3D geometry, appearance, topology and semantics. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 40871212, No. 40671158), the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Educational Committee( No.J50104).     

利用MATLAB实现图像处理与分析

本文通过对图像的均衡操作、二值图像的处理、小波去噪等实例，介绍了MATLAB进行图像处理和分析的实用方法与技巧，它对各种软钉包、进行图像处理和分析等，提供了高效便捷的方法。     

改善MODIS BRDF产品热点效应的方法研究

核驱动的Ross Thick-LiSparse Reciprocal(RTLSR)双向反射函数(BRDF)模型已广泛地应用于MODIS等星载传感器的业务化产品处理中。但是,对于多年MODIS二向反射产品历史数据,如何基于RTMLSR模型发展一种简单有效快速的方法,进行热点效应的校正是一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文提出了一种简单有效的方法,不需要对观测数据重新反演,直接在现有MODIS二向反射产品的基础上进行热点校正,方便用户对历史MODIS二向反射产品的使用。该方法应用POLDER-3/BRDF数据库和部分经MODIS业务化算法筛选的反射率数据进行验证,并与RTLSR模型和RTMLSR模型的结果进行比较,结果表明:(1)该方法比现有的MODIS业务化RTLSR算法,对热点反射率有明显改善,拟合相对误差平均降低了10.12%;(2)该方法相对于RTMLSR模型在热点反射率拟合效果上差别不大,相对误差相差2.10%;(3)该方法对热点和冷点归一化的植被指数(NDHD)的估算效果有一定程度的改善,相对于RTLSR模型降低了约4.99%,与RTMLSR模型的相对误差相差1.32%,该方法对直接应用现有MODIS BRDF产品,基于热点方向反射率反演植被结构参数(如植被聚集指数)的精度提高有现实应用价值。     

A two-step ionospheric modeling algorithm considering the impact of GLONASS pseudo-range inter-channel biases

The Global Navigation Satellite System presents a plausible and cost-effective way of computing the total electron content (TEC). But TEC estimated value could be seriously affected by the differential code biases (DCB) of frequency-dependent satellites and receivers. Unlike GPS and other satellite systems, GLONASS adopts a frequency-division multiplexing access mode to distinguish different satellites. This strategy leads to different wavelengths and inter-frequency biases (IFBs) for both pseudo-range and carrier phase observations, whose impacts are rarely considered in ionospheric modeling. We obtained observations from four groups of co-stations to analyze the characteristics of the GLONASS receiver P1P2 pseudo-range IFB with a double-difference method. The results showed that the GLONASS P1P2 pseudo-range IFB remained stable for a period of time and could catch up to several meters, which cannot be absorbed by the receiver DCB during ionospheric modeling. Given the characteristics of the GLONASS P1P2 pseudo-range IFB, we proposed a two-step ionosphere modeling method with the priori IFB information. The experimental analysis showed that the new algorithm can effectively eliminate the adverse effects on ionospheric model and hardware delay parameters estimation in different space environments. During high solar activity period, compared to the traditional GPS + GLONASS modeling algorithm, the absolute average deviation of TEC decreased from 2.17 to 2.07 TECu (TEC unit); simultaneously, the average RMS of GPS satellite DCB decreased from 0.225 to 0.219 ns, and the average deviation of GLONASS satellite DCB decreased from 0.253 to 0.113 ns with a great improvement in over 55%.     

GeoWebCache瓦片地图服务中间件研究

本文以GeoWebCache开源瓦片地图服务中间件为例,剖析其工作原理和系统结构,并与传统WMS( Web Map Service)进行了性能对比,实验结果表明采用GeoWebCache中间件比直接访问WMS服务的平均响应时间减少约36％最后,从瓦片空间索引,扩展机制及系统部署策略等三个方面给出了GeoWebCache...     

顾及空间非平稳特征的遥感干旱监测

遥感技术具备实时快速、时空连续、广覆盖尺度等独特优势,在全球气候恶化大背景下,利用遥感干旱监测方法相比于传统地面监测手段,能够提供实时、准确、稳定的旱情信息,辅助科学决策。目前常用遥感旱情监测方法大多依赖全域性数学模型建模,假定了旱情模式的空间平稳特性,因而难以准确反映旱情模式的局部差异特征。本文提出利用地理加权回归模型GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression),考虑旱情模式的空间非平稳特性,综合多种遥感地面旱情监测指数,以实现传统全域旱情监测模型的局部优化。以美国大陆为研究区,监测2002年—2011年共10年的旱情状态。研究表明,GWR模型能够提供空间变化的局部最佳估计模型参数,监测结果更加吻合标准美国旱情监测USDM (U.S Drought Monitor)验证数据,且与地面实测值的最高相关系数R达到0.8552,均方根误差RMSE达到0.972,显著优于其他遥感旱情监测模型。GWR模型具备空间非平稳探测优势,实现了旱情模式的局部精细探测,能够显著提升遥感旱情监测精度,具备较好的应用前景。     

全要素地形图作为背景在规划业务系统中的应用与实现

全要素地形图中的地理信息准确、规范、丰富,地形图比例尺与规划深度和出图比例相一致,而且精度能满足规划要求。打散入库后的全要素地形图和规划审批人员习惯的"蓝晒图"效果一致,且更新及时、方便,具有较强的现势性,在规划编制、规划审批等各个业务环节中起到了重要作用。本文详细阐述了全要素地形图的处理、转换、入库和更新过程,并对过程中应注意的问题提出了自己的意见和建议。