黄海北部降水中氟的浓度变化

1988～1992年连续采集了黄海西北部的大气降水,分析样品中的氟而得到的80多个数据显示出大气降水中氟的平均浓度低于中国北方主要河流的氟平均浓度。在冬季,氟的浓度较其他季节高,这可能和降雨量减少以及人为因素等密切相关。目前还难以估算出人为因素对氟在降水中化学行为的影响程度,但数据显示出人口密集地区降水中氟的浓度明显高于人口稀疏的自然地带。     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)自然群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)的四个自然群体(大连、烟台、青岛、韩国)的遗传多样性进行了分析。12个随机引物在四个群体中共检测到123个位点,其中多态位点109个,多态位点比例为88.62%;四个群体中均未检测到各群体特有的扩增带。韩国、烟台、大连、青岛四个群体的遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)分别为0.2557、0.2557、0.2344和0.2249,以韩国和烟台群体遗传多样性较高,其次为大连群体,青岛群体最低,但它们之间无明显差异。不同群体的遗传多样性指数的平均数Hpop为0.2427,整个栉孔扇贝自然群体的遗传多样性指数Hsp为0.2503。遗传多样性剖分显示,绝大多数(97%)的遗传多样性是由群体内不同个体间的差异造成的,只有很小部分(3%)的遗传多样性与群体间的遗传分化有关。而采用基于单倍型(等位基因)之间的进化距离的AMOVA分析得到的这两个数据则分别为99%和1%,Φ值为0.010,且P=0.05,表明群体间遗传分化明显程度位于临界值。     

三峡工程对长江口区无脊椎动物资源影响的预测

长江大量径流给其河口及邻近海域带来丰富的营养物质,维持了长江河口生态系统的巨大生产力,并使之成为多种重要经济鱼虾类的索饵和产卵场。长江口生态环境的变化,对我国最大、最重要的浙江舟山渔场和江苏吕四渔场的渔业资源有举足轻重的影响。三峡工程的兴建将使长江入海径流量及其季节分配有很大改变,也不可避免地影响到河口和近海的海洋环境、经济动物的组成及资源状况。为研究长江口无脊椎动物资源结构及其分布特征,以及预测三峡工程对自然生态环境的影响,于1985年9月至1986年8月进行了无脊椎动物资源底拖网试捕调查。本文系统整理调查所得资料,结合历史资料进行分析研究。     

Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.     

精品课程教学基本建设与教学改革研究——以《遥感概论》省级精品课程建设为例

以《遥感概论》省级精品课程建设为例,探讨精品课程教学基本建设与教学改革。认为高素质的教师队伍是精品课建设的基础,课程体系和教学内容的设计是精品课建设的关键,课程网站是精品课程建设的必备条件,学生综合能力提高是精品课建设的目标,并结合课程教学实践,提出了相应的建设措施。     

基于AutoCAD的管线调查系统的建设

现有管线调查常用的记录方式有直接用笔记录于调查表格中和使用PDA作为管线外业调查的手簿两种方式,这两种方式都需要大量的内业数据处理。为提高管线调查的效率,进行了基于AutoCAD的管线调查系统的建设。本文介绍了该系统的开发方式,系统功能,作业流程等。着重介绍了管线调查信息的存储、管线信息调查、自动生成调查井位、自动生成高程表和调查表等功能以及操作命令的制作等关键技术。该系统已进行了试点应用,实践证明大大提高了作业效率,取得了良好的效果。     

饱和流体多孔介质中AVA特征分析及储层参数反演研究

AVA(Amplitude Versus Angle)技术是基于常规介质模型(均匀各向同性介质模型)发展起来的,由于忽略了储层的孔隙结构和充填流体的影响,造成AVA特征中是部分对地震波能量的吸收和衰减作用反映不足.从振幅特征方程的实际应用出发,建立起各参数与常规岩性参数之间的关系.以Gassmann方程与Biot理论为基础,推导出振幅特征方程中弹性参数与常规岩性、储层参数(如:纵波速度、横波速度、密度、孔隙度、流体参数Kf)之间的转化关系式,详细研究饱和流体多孔介质模型中的AVA特征,比较该介质模型与常规介质模型在AVA特征上的差异,并将饱和流体多孔介质AVA技术应用于川西凹陷深层须家河组储层预测,通过多波AVA储层参数的反演研究,为直接利用地震资料进行储层识别并进一步识别其流体特征提供了一种有力手段.     

垦71区块井间地震资料处理研究与应用

由于避开了地表低降速带和风化层的影响,井间地震能够采集到高频地震信号,经过资料处理可以得到较高分辨率的速度和上行反射波成像剖面。2004～2005年,胜利油田在垦71 区块实施了8对井间地震资料采集。针对原始资料特点,研究了以层析成像、管波衰减、VSP-CDP技术和有限角度叠加成像等关键处理技术,较好地完成了该区块的井间地震资料处理。初步分析解释表明,井间地震可以识别低序级断层、小幅度构造和薄储层。     

孔雀河斜坡东南部中上奥陶统物源研究新认识

通过对塔里木盆地孔雀河斜坡东南部地区中晚奥陶系砂岩中重矿物分析研究,表明库鲁克塔格露头样品稳定重矿物为锆石-电气石-石榴石-磁铁矿-赤褐铁矿组合,孔雀1井样品稳定重矿物为锆石-石榴石-电气石-白钛石组合,二者有些差异,但分析结果反映了同样的母岩性质.研究区内沉积岩母岩主要来自于酸性、中基性岩浆岩和部分变质岩,为混源产物.结合对地震剖面的分析,认为研究区物源来自南(阿尔金造山带)和北(库鲁克塔格隆起)两部.根据稳定重矿物ZTR指数判断,南、北两个方向而来的沉积物在孔雀1井附近交汇,并沿各自路线运移、沉积.     

Response of riparian vegetation to water-table changes in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang Uygur, China

The lower reaches of Tarim River in the Xinjiang Uygur region of western China had been dried out for more than 30 years before water began to be diverted from Konqi (Peacock) River via a 927-km-long channel in year 2000, aimed at improving the riparian ecological systems. Since then, eight intermittent water deliveries have been carried out. To evaluate the response of riparian vegetation to these operations, the groundwater regime and vegetation changes have been monitored along the 350-km-long stem of the river using a network of 40 dug wells at nine transects across the river and 30 vegetation plots at key sites. Results show that the water table rose remarkably, i.e. from a depth of 9.87 m before the water delivery to 3.16 m after the third water delivery. The lateral distance of affected water table extended to 1,050 m from the riverbank after the fourth water delivery. The riparian vegetation has changed in composition, type, distribution, and growing behavior. This shows that the water deliveries have had significant effects on restoration of riparian ecosystems.