2003年伽师6.8级地震序列特征和震源机制的初步研究

在位于1997-1998年新疆伽师9次6级地震分布区域的东南端，2003年2月24日又发生6．8级地震。结合伽师6．8级地震序列震源机制解结果，对该地震序列的基本特征和震源区应力降等进行了对比分析。结果表明，6．8级地震断层是在北西向的区域应力场挤压作用下产生的倾滑逆断层，震源以单侧破裂为主，破裂方向与极震区走向，以及北西向的主压应力方向一致。震前震源区应力显著增强，震后应力释放较为彻底。中强余震震源机制解与主震有明显差异，表现出震源区应力场处于不稳定的调整阶段，余震震源机制的差异为震后地震趋势的判定提供了依据。     

基于结构光与核线的匹配方法研究

摄影测量与计算机视觉中,同名点的匹配是难点.本文提出基于结构光与核线的同名点匹配方法,简化了对于某些特定物体测量时的匹配问题,方法简单快速,出错率低.本文试验中利用OpenGL模拟无纹理人物头像,用该方法进行立体匹配,取得良好的效果.     

电子地图数据管理系统的设计与实现

电子地图数据的管理是一项细致、繁琐的基础性工作,对其管理是否科学、高效将直接影响数据的提供和服务,建立实用的数据管理系统辅助管理,以提高效率,从而提供更好的服务。本文从数据源、存储设备编号、系统构架、数据库设计、系统功能与应用等多个方面介绍电子地图数据管理系统的设计和实现。     

Reinforcing a Dangerous Rock Mass Using the Flexible Network Method

Because the main failure type of a dangerous rock mass is collapse, the treatment of such a mass should focus on controlling collapse failure. When treating dangerous rock masses, disturbing the mass （e. g. by blasting） needs to be avoided, as this new damage could cause collapse. So the self-bearing capacity of the mountain mass must be used to treat the dangerous rock mass. This article is based on a practical example of the control of a dangerous rock mass at Banyan Mountain, Huangshi, Hubei Province. On the basis of an analysis of damage mechanism and the stability of the dangerous rock mass, a flexible network reinforcement method was designed to prevent the collapse of the rock mass. The deformations of section Ⅱ w of the dangerous rock mass before and after the flexible network reinforcement were calculated using the two-dimensional finite element method. The results show that the maximum deformation reduced by 55 % after the application of the flexible network reinforcement, from 45.99 to 20.75 ram, which demonstrates that the flexible network method is effective, and can provide some scientific basis for the treatment of dangerous rock masses.     

基于神经网络的元胞自动机及模拟复杂土地利用系统

本文提出了基于神经网络的元胞自动机(CellularAutomata),并将其用来模拟复杂的土地利用系统及其演变。国际上已经有许多利用元胞自动机进行城市模拟的研究,但这些模型往往局限于模拟从非城市用地到城市用地的转变。模拟多种土地利用的动态系统比一般模拟城市演化要复杂得多,需要使用许多空间变量和参数,而确定模型的参数值和模型结构有很大困难。本文通过神经网络、元胞自动机和GIS相结合来进行土地利用的动态模拟,并利用多时相的遥感分类图像来训练神经网络,能十分方便地确定模型参数和模型结构,消除常规模拟方法所带来的弊端。     

基于支持向量机的元胞自动机及土地利用变化模拟

提出了利用遥感数据，并采用支持向量机来确定元胞自动机非线性转换规则的新方法。元胞自动机在模拟复杂地理现象时，需要采用非线性转换规则。目前元胞自动机主要采用线性方法来获取转换规则，在反映复杂的非线性地理现象时有一定的局限性。以城市扩张的模拟为例，将模拟城市系统的主要特征变量映射到Hilbert空间后，通过SVM建立最优分割超平面，分割超平面的分类决策函数由径向基核（Radial Basis Kernel）构造。利用历史遥感数据校正超平面的决策函数，确定城市元胞自动机的非线性转换规则，计算出城市发展概率。利用所提出的方法，对深圳市1988-2010年的城市发展进行了模拟，取得了较理想的模拟效果。研究结果表明，基于SVM-CA模型的模拟精度比传统MCE方法模拟精度高，MoranⅠ指数与实际更为接近。     

Karst groundwater management by defining protection zones based on regional geological structures and groundwater flow fields

In a semiarid region, the karst aquifer generally forms a large groundwater reservoir that can play an important role in regional water supply. But because of the specific physical properties of karst aquifers, they are vulnerable to pollution and anthropogenic impacts. Karst groundwater management strategies are vital. As representative of karst springs in a semiarid area, Niangziguan Springs is located in the east of Shanxi Province, China with an annual average rate of discharge of 10.34 m³/s (1956–2003) (Y. Liang, unpublished data). The Niangziguan Spring Basin covers an area of 7,394 km² with an annual average precipitation of 535 mm (1958–2003) (Hao et al. in Carsologica Sinica 23(1):43–47, 2004). Over the past three decades, accelerated groundwater exploitation has caused water-table decline in the aquifer, reduction of the spring discharge, and deterioration of water quality. In this study, three protection zones were defined to ensure the quality and capacity of this resource. The confluence of the 11 spring systems and the discharge areas were defined as I protection zone, the recharge basin was II protection zone, and the slack water area where there is little surface recharge was the III protection zone. Management strategies for each zone were suggested and evaluated to provide a scientific foundation for sustainable utilization.     

Dynamic analysis of train–bridge system subjected to non‐uniform seismic excitations

Based on the theory of dynamic wheel–rail interactions, a dynamic model of coupled train–bridge system subjected to earthquakes is established, in which the non‐uniform characteristics of the seismic wave input from different foundations are considered. The bridge model is based on the modal comprehension analysis technique. Each vehicle is modelled with 31 degrees of freedom. The seismic loads are imposed on the bridge by using the influence matrix and exerted on the vehicles through the dynamic wheel–rail interaction relationships. The normal wheel–rail interaction is tackled by using the Hertzian contact theory, and the tangent wheel–rail interaction by the Kalker linear theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins theory. A computer code is developed. A case study is performed to a continuous bridge on the planned Beijing–Shanghai high‐speed railway in China. Through input of typical seismic waves with different propagation velocities to the train–bridge system, the histories of the train running through the bridge are simulated and the dynamic responses of the bridge and the vehicles are calculated. The influences of train speed and seismic wave propagation velocity on the dynamic responses of the bridge–vehicle system are studied. The critical train speeds are proposed for running safety on high‐speed railway bridges under earthquakes of various intensities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用ASAR图像监测土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度

以高级合成孔径雷达（ASAR）影像数据和地面实测数据为基础，分析了裸土、低覆盖（覆盖度为0．2左右）冬小麦麦地的后向散射与土壤含水量、地表粗糙度及小麦覆盖度之间的关系，探讨了裸土和冬小麦麦地土壤含水量及小麦覆盖度的反演方法。分析结果表明：①裸土后向散射系数受地表粗糙度和土壤质地的综合影响较大，裸土的后向散射和土壤含水量正相关关系未达显著，反演裸土土壤含水量必须考虑这两个因素的影响。②冬小麦麦地两种极化后向散射对土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度的敏感性差异明显。由于小麦植株与土壤的水平同极化后向散射差异较大，水平极化后向散射系数和小麦覆盖度及土壤含水量相关性达到显著；冬小麦麦地的垂直同极化后向散射对土壤含水量较敏感，垂直极化后向散射系数和土壤含水量的相关性达到显著，但与小麦覆盖度的相关性相对较低。据此，利用冬小麦麦地的两个同极化后向散射系数，建立了后向散射系数与土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度之间的关系模型，实现了小麦覆盖度和冬小麦覆盖下的土壤含水量反演。验证结果表明：土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度反演结果与地面调查和测量结果一致。     

甘肃北山大石山A型花岗岩体的地球化学特征及构造意义

甘肃北山大石山岩体主要由角闪花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成,岩石的化学成分特点为过铝质(Al_2O_3含量为 12.18%～13.37%)、富硅(SiO_2含量为74.22%～78.38%)、偏碱(Na_2O+K_2O 为7.60%～8.50%),FeO~T/MgO 值高,CaO 和 MgO 含量低(分别为0.01%～0.99%和0.05%～1.15%),富含 Y、Nb 等高场强元素(HFSE)以及 F、Sr、 Ba 和 REE(∑REE=102.3×10~(-6)～120.02×10~(-6))低。这些特点与本区的 I 型和 S 型花岗岩有明显差别,是一种典型的 A_2型花岗岩。大石山岩体 Rb-Sr 等时线年龄为273 Ma,表明北山地区在海西晚期即进入造山后拉张裂解环境。