Seasonal variability of the carbon export in the central South China Sea

Ocean Dynamics - The South China Sea (SCS) is strongly influenced by the East Asian monsoon system with seasonal reversal. Measurements from a 7-year continuous sediment trap located in the central...     

基于手机位置数据的地震灾情指标选择

选取四川阿坝州九寨沟县MS7.0地震、新疆博尔塔拉州精河县MS6.6地震、四川广元市青川县MS5.4地震作为案例分析,绘制活跃Wi Fi数量、无线网络联网设备数量、汇总在线设备数量、活跃基站数量等4种地震灾情指标在地震发生前后数量变化的折线图。根据与地震前1天变化情况的对比分析,验证地震灾情指标的可用性,选取出效果好的指标,这对进一步研究震后快速获取极震区位置、影响场方向等具有重要意义。     

Characteristics of Vegetation Carbon,Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in a Tamarix chinensis Coastal Wetland of China

Variations in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the vegetation in a Tamarix chinensis coastal wetland located in Laizhou Bay, China, are analyzed. It is found that T. chinensis accumulates more C and N than the surrounding herbs, and it allocates more C and N in the aboveground parts but less in the roots. Branches store more C, whereas leaves and flowers accumulate more N than other tissues. The C and N contents in the aboveground parts of T. chinensis are mainly influenced by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, and clay content in the top 100 cm of soil as well as the distance from the sea. For the herbs, their C contents vary little in the supratidal zone, but they are higher than those in the intertidal zone. However, N contents in the herbs are higher in the aboveground parts and varied among different communities. The contents of C and N in the herbs are affected by EC, water content as well as the contents of organic C and total nitrogen (TN) in the top 10 cm of soil. The findings confirm that increasing the biomass of T. chinensis is an effective way to increase C sequestration in temperate coastal wetland.     

云南测震台网地震监测能力分析

2018年1月云南省测震台网示范工程20个新增测震台建设完成,选取原有48个台以及新增20个台连续48小时数据记录,基于近震震级公式,计算并网前后云南省测震台网的地震监测能力,对比测震台增加前后的地震监测能力,发现:云南省地震监测能力由ML 2.2提升到ML 1.6,局部地区由ML1.4提升到ML0.8。     

Subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation

The study of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes of human adaption to high altitude environments.But to date,only a few Paleolithic sites have been found on the Tibetan Plateau with clear stratigraphy and reliable dating.These sites are mainly distributed in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the northeastern part of the plateau,and the sporadic fauna and flora remains excavated provide limited information about the subsistence strategies of hunter-gatherers.In 2014,relatively abundant animal remains were unearthed in the Lower Cultural Layer (LCL,15400-13100 cal yr BP) of the"151 site"located in the Qinghai Lake Basin,providing important information about human subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation.Zooarchaeological analysis of these faunal remains indicates that hunter-gatherers at the"151 site"mainly targeted large ungulates of Bos and wild horse/ass,and only brought back the most nutritious parts of animal carcasses including upper and intermediate limb bones,heads,and trunks (ribs and vertebrae).People then processed and consumed the carcasses around single hearths.Our comprehensive analyses of contemporaneous sites in the Qinghai Lake Basin show that a subsistence strategy involving opportunistic hunting of ungulates,high mobility,and short occupation of campsites was used by terminal Pleistocene huntergatherers to adapt to the high-altitude environment on the Tibetan Plateau.This subsistence strategy may have been a first step of gradual hunter-gatherer adaptation to the extreme conditions on the Tibetan Plateau after the Last Glacial Maximum,and laid the foundation for the widespread distribution of hunter-gatherers on the plateau during the Holocene.     

山东省海洋生物医药产业发展研究

海洋是蕴藏丰富药用生物资源的“蓝色药库”,我国海洋生物医药产业发展迅猛并逐渐成为研究热点。为实现山东省海洋生物医药产业的健康、快速和可持续发展,文章总结山东省海洋生物医药产业的发展成效,主要表现在产业规模迅速扩大、优势产品接续产出、科研实力不断提升、科研主体不断增多和招才引智力度加大;但仍存在成果产业化率不高、产业结构不合理、公共服务平台不健全、投融资机制不完善和原料供给不稳定等发展“瓶颈”;应加快产、学、研深度合作,以创新驱动产业结构优化,完善公共服务平台建设和管理,加大金融支持力度,创新投融资模式以及保障原料供给。     

美国南极科研投入的统计分析及其对我国的启示

近些年来南极科研越来越受到世界各国的重视,作为《南极条约》的发起者和南极条约体系的管理者,美国始终站在南极科学研究前沿,对维护其国际南极事务领导地位有着重要意义。1953—2016年美国国家科学基金资助了7 759个南极科研项目,通过统计分析对项目投入进行以下4个方面的分析:南极项目投入、南极科研各学科投入、科研大项目以及合作机构。研究发现:(1)1953年至今,美国国家科学基金会(NSF)对美国南极科研项目的资助力度和重视力度不断增加,促进了美国南极政策的落实和发展;(2)美国各大科学指导机构出台的前瞻性文件对引领美国南极科考发展方向起到重要作用;(3)NSF充分利用各高等院校和研究机构的资源设施,搭建科研支撑平台,与之展开长期南极科研项目合作;(4)NSF重视科研大项目的开展,这些大项目站在南极科学前沿,引领美国南极科研更好地发展;(5)NSF通过学校、社会、媒体多个渠道开展南极教育,增进群众对南极了解并培养科研人员来维护美国在南极的科考领先地位。上述研究发现为中国南极科研政策制定提供了相应的启示。     

Ficolin在毛蚶抗弧菌感染中的作用

Ficolin是一类含FBG结构域的蛋白,在动物免疫防御中发挥重要作用。无脊椎动物中,Ficolin主要作为模式识别受体和免疫效应分子发挥免疫功能。本研究从毛蚶中克隆获得一条Ficolin基因(命名为SsFic1),该基因编码区序列长度为897 bp,编码298个氨基酸,推测的蛋白含有典型的FBG结构域和Coiled coil结构域,但未发现胶原样结构域。SsFic1的mRNA在毛蚶各组织中广泛分布,其中在肝胰腺和鳃中表达丰度较高,但SsFic1转录产物在卵细胞和四细胞期未检测到,说明该基因不是母源性免疫基因。副溶血弧菌和脂多糖、葡聚糖等免疫刺激物均可诱导SsFic1显著上调表达。利用RNAi技术抑制SsFic1基因表达,酚氧化酶激活因子PAF和补体相关基因(C1qDC、补体C3和Fic3)的表达量及CAT、SOD和PO的酶活力均显著下降,而TEP、C1q2和Fic2等基因的表达显著上调。敲降SsFic1表达后,感染副溶血弧菌后毛蚶血细胞数量和吞噬能力均显著低于对照组,这也是RNAi实验组毛蚶死亡率和血细胞凋亡率显著升高的原因。综上,SsFic1可能通过调控补体通路和酚氧化酶原激活通路参与毛蚶免疫防御反应,这对贝类免疫学研究及抗病新品系的选育具有重要意义。     

LSI 65°010中的中子星周围存在HⅡ区的可能观测证据

对Be／X射线双星LSI＋65°010／2S0114＋65连续四年（1992—1995年）的光学光谱观测发现,在1992年11月它的Ha发射线等值宽度在4天内从－0．43A增至－1．48A,增加了约3．5倍．此剧烈变化支持LSI＋65°10的光学子星是一颗Be星而非超巨星的论点．我们的观测还发现,1994年9月它的Ha发射线轮廓呈明显的双峰结构,但与普通Be星中由于旋转气壳而形成的双峰不同,其红峰处于Ha理论波长附近,紫峰却紫移了7．2A．我们认为此双峰可能产生在LSI＋65°010的不同HⅡ区中,即红峰产生于Be星周围的气壳内,而紫峰很可能产生于在轨道上快速运动的中子星周围的HⅡ区中,此观测可能提供了中子星周围存在HⅡ区的证据．同样,我们认为1992年11月4日观测到的Ha发射线红翼几乎不变,紫翼却大幅增加的现象也是由于中子星周围的HⅡ区造成的．     

溢油污染的渤海海冰反射光谱特征实测研究

Oil spilled on the sea ice surface in the Bohai Sea of China is studied through the field measurements of the reflectance of a simulated sea ice-oil film mixed pixel. The reflection characteristics of sea ice and oil film are also analyzed. It is found that the mixed pixel of sea ice and oil film is a linear mixed pixel. The means of extracting sea ice pixels containing oil film is presented using a double-band ratio oil-film sea-ice index(DROSI) and a normalized difference oil-film sea-ice index(NDOSI) through the analysis of the reflectance curves of the sea iceoil film pixel for different ratios of oil film. The area proportion of the oil film in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be accurately estimated by the average reflectance of the band of 1 610–1 630 nm, and the volume of the spilled oil can be further estimated. The method of the sea ice-oil film pixel extraction and the models to estimate the proportion of oil film area in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be applied to the oil spill monitoring of the ice-covered area in the Bohai Sea using multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing images in the shortwave infrared band(1 500–1 780 nm).