Impacts of a nuclear war in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China

A regional nuclear war between India and Pakistan with a 5 Tg black carbon injection into the upper troposphere would produce significant climate changes for a decade, including cooling, reduction of solar radiation, and reduction of precipitation, which are all important factors controlling agricultural productivity. We used the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer agricultural simulation model to simulate regional nuclear war impacts on rice yield in 24 provinces in China. We first evaluated the model by forcing it with daily weather data and management practices for the period 1980–2008 for 24 provinces in China, and compared the results to observations of rice yields in China. Then we perturbed observed weather data using climate anomalies for a 10-year period from a nuclear war simulation. We perturbed each year of the 30-year climate record with anomalies from each year of the 10-year nuclear war simulations for different regions in China. We found that rice production would decline by an average of 21 % for the first 4 years after soot injection, and would slowly recover in the following years. For the next 6 years, the reduction in rice production was about 10 %. Different regions responded differently to climate changes from nuclear war. Rice production in northern China was damaged severely, while regions along the south and east coasts showed a positive response to regional nuclear war. Although we might try to adapt to a perturbed climate by enhancing rice planting activity in southern and eastern China or increasing fertilizer usage, both methods have severe limitations. The best solution to avoid nuclear war impacts on agriculture is to avoid nuclear war, and this can only be guaranteed with a nuclear-weapon-free world.     

THE EROSIONAL PROCESS OF THE SOFT SHORE OF CHINA IN THE RECENT DECADES

ＴＨＥ ＥＲＯＳＩＯＮＡＬ ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳ ＯＦ ＴＨＥ ＳＯＦＴ ＳＨＯＲＥ ＯＦ ＣＨＩＮＡ ＩＮ ＴＨＥ ＲＥＣＥＮＴ ＤＥＣＡＤＥＳ ＷａｎｇＷｅｎｈａｉ（王文海）；ＷｕＳａｎｇｙｕｎ（吴桑云）；ＸｉａＤｏｎｇｘｉｎｇ（夏东兴）（ＦｉｒｓｔＩ...     

A Catalog of Luminous Infrared Galaxies in the IRAS Survey and Second Data Release of SDSS

We selected a sample of luminous infrared galaxies by cross-identification of the Faint Source Catalogue (FSC) and Point Source Catalogue (PSC) of the IRAS Survey with the Second Data Release of the SDSS. The size of our sample is 1267 for FSC and 427 for PSC by using the 2σ significance level cross-section. The "likelihood ratio" method is used to estimate the individual's reliability and for defining two more reliable subsamples (908 for FSC and 356 for PSC). A catalog of infrared, optical and radio data is compiled and will be used in further work. Some statistical results show that luminous infrared galaxies are quite different from ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. The AGN fractions of galaxies at different infrared luminosities and the radio-infrared correlations are consistent with the previous studies.     

火星的岁差和章动

火星是类地行星，火星动力学的研究不仅具有科学意义，而且还具有实际应用价值。火星的空间探测获得了许多有关火星极运动的重要资料，它与理论值的比较是检验火星内部结构的重要手段，也是为改进火星岁差章动理论提供依据的有效途径。介绍了当前国际上有关火星的岁差和章动研究的进展，分别对刚体火星的章动序列、火星内部结构参数化模型的建立和火星自转的简正模作了描述，并进行了简单的讨论。     

太阳光球磁通量南北不对称性研究

运用统计方法系统研究了1978-2002年太阳光球磁通量南北不对称性变化特征，发现其与太阳活动周有关．不对称值在太阳活动极小年要明显高于太阳活动极大年，并且磁通量变化总是由上升段的北半球占优逐渐过渡到下降段的南半球占优．另外运用小波变换方法详细讨论了这种不对称性变化可能存在的周期信息．     

手持式激光测距仪前级接收通道的相关问题研究

介绍了手持式激光测距仪前置放大电路的设计方法,并且针对便携式设备供电的特殊性,给出了单电源供电放大电路的解决方案,较好地解决了前级接收通道电路设计的相关问题.     

Research on protection of steel piles of Baoshan general steel factory wharf by using DZ and DZ-2 tapes

Steel piles at the tidal zone can be seriously corroded. Common protective methods such as painting or coating with rubber or other protective materials, etc. cannot provide full protection when used as supplementary protection because these traditional methods require strict pretreatment and sealing of the metallic surface from the corrosive mediums, and time for the protective coatings to solidify. This is very difficult under the severe action of waves and surges on the sea. With our oil-soluble DZ-2 tape, protection efficiency for hanging steel plates at the tidal and splash zones reaches to 82–99%. The protection efficiency of water soluble DZ tape at the tidal zone reaches to 92.9%. The DZ and DZ-2 tapes can rapidly reduce the original corrosion velocity to ten percent and one percent respectively as fully proved by the 500 hour rapid corrosion testing with indoor salt fog and by the relevant electrochemical parameters of instantaneous corrosion velocity, etc. DZ tape absorbs much OH⁻ to cause a pH rise. A synergistic protective effect is gained when DZ tape is used together with cathodic protection of steel piles at the tidal zone. The working principle of DZ tape is different from that of DZ-2 tape even though they are composed of the same chemical materials. The latter provides protection because of the close affinity between metal and its carboxyl group shields the active centre at the metal surface to reduce the activation energy of metal. The carbon chain forms a covering oil film of netted structure. Dai Tao, Dai Wei and Xia Caiyuan et al. participated in the research and made useful contribution. Contribution No. 1656 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

西北地区土壤资源特征及其开发利用与保护

在分析西北地区土壤分布规律的基础上,研究了不同类型区土壤的资源特征及其在开发利用中存在的问题,认为黄土地区土壤土质疏松、粉砂含量高、富含碳酸钙是水土流失的物质基础;干旱区广为分布的荒漠土壤资源的性能低劣、绿洲区水土资源的利用比例失调是造成土地荒漠化、土壤盐渍化的根本原因;而高原土壤的粗骨性、土层浅薄、有效肥力低则加速了草场的退化和沙漠化.提出了西北地区土壤资源的合理利用与生态环境保护相协调的途经,即搞好农田基本建设,采用旱作技术节水和合理用水,扩大林草植被,保护天然草场和林木.并认为西北土壤资源的开发利用要在充分发挥其生产潜力的同时,首先应遵循生态规律,开发与保护并重,防止土壤资源衰竭和破坏.     

A new species ofSolieria from China

A morphological study of a marine red alga from China, previously identified by various authors as “Solieria mollis (Harv.) Kylin”, has been shown to be an undescribed species ofSolieria. The present new speciesSolieria tenuis is characterized by the slender branches, the unbranched and nonseptate connecting filament and the discoid holdfast surrounded by prop branches resembling proproots of land plants. Contribution No. 989 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

On the transplantation and cultivation ofKappaphycus alvarezii in China

A 2-year study onKappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty introduced to Hainan Island from the Philippines in 1985 showed promising results. The average daily growth in weight reached 10% at a favourable temperature of about 26°C. Experimental results showed that timely cutting of the plant was an effective way to obtain new cuttings for cultivation and accelerate growth. New cuttings 0.05 kg in weight are suggested to be used as “seeds” and the old plant should be harvested. At present, artificial cultivation with a type of underwater raft applicable in places where there is strong wind will expand cultivation to more regions in Hainan Province. This paper was originally published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 19(5): 410–418, 1988. The plant under discussion wasEucheuma alvarezii Doty which was previously calledE. striatum in the article, and which now becomesKappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty. To the original title, “in China” was added. Only the essence of the original article was presented.