轨道误差对近实时GPS遥感水汽的影响研究

利用GPS技术近实时探测水汽对于气象预报、气候研究具有重要的应用价值，而近实时探测需要使用GPS卫星的预报星历，预报星历的误差会直接影响到实时水汽探测的精度。利用从IGS资料处理中心下载的精密预报星历和最终星历，对2000年北京GPS水汽试验中的资料进行了解算，并结合探空资料计算的水汽进行了分析。结果表明：以探空为标准，使用精密预报星历计算的水汽总量均方根误差为0．31cm，最终星历为0．30cm，二者差别不大，为0．01cm，证明使用精密预报星历可以满足近实时探测水汽的要求。     

500 hPa球函数谱异常用于我国东部汛期降水预测的尝试

用北、南半球500hPa月平均位势高度场球函数系数资料代替格点资料，用区域降水指数表示华北、江淮、华南五区汛期(6～8月)降雨。通过引进复相关系数和构造复相关系数场模．分析了半球500hPa环流与我国东部汛雨异常的同时和时滞相关联系。在此基础上．选取5月份北半球、1月份南半球球函数系数与东部汛期降水作时滞的奇异值分解。由此得到的预测关系在1998～2001年汛期降水预报试验中取得了一定效果，从而对500hPa环流的球函数系数资料在区域月、季长期天气预报中的应用作了有益的尝试。     

Strain softening and microstructural evolution of anorthite aggregates and quartz-anorthite layered composites deformed in torsion

Torsion experiments of anorthite (An) aggregates and layered composites with equal volume fractions of quartz (Qtz) and An were performed in a gas-medium apparatus at a confining pressure of 400 MPa, temperatures from 1373 to 1473 K, and twist rates from 1.0×10⁻⁴ to 3.0×10⁻⁴ rad/s. Dense specimens were fabricated from An glass and Qtz crystalline powder using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) techniques. Both An aggregates and Qtz-An layered composites show a continuous strain weakening from a peak stress at γ=0.2-0.3 to γ=3.2, and steady-state flow has not reached under the experimental conditions. The weakening is even more pronounced in the layered composites than the monolithic aggregates, suggesting channeling or localization of flow into the weak material between strong layers. The sheared An specimens developed pervasively C-S-C′ structures which are similar to those observed in natural ductile shear zones. TEM and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) fabric analyses suggest that grain boundary migration recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep with (010)[100] as the dominant slip system was operating in the An. The strain softening may be due to the development of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), the operation of dynamic recrystallization and the formation of extremely fine-grained recrystallized material in the narrow C′ shear bands.     

Critical Sensitivity in Driven Nonlinear Threshold Systems

— Rupture in heterogeneous brittle media, including earthquakes, can be regarded as complicated phenomena in driven nonlinear threshold systems. It displays catastrophe transition and sample-specificity, which results in difficulty of rupture prediction. Our numerical simulations indicate that critical sensitivity might be a common precursor of catastrophe transition and thus give a clue to catastrophe prediction. In this paper we present an analytical examination of critical sensitivity in driven nonlinear threshold systems, based on mean field approximation and damage relaxation time model. The result suggests that critical sensitivity is in reality a common feature prior to catastrophe transition in driven nonlinear threshold systems, with disordered mesoscopic heterogeneity. This result seems to be supported by rock experiments.     

交错网格高阶差分法三维弹性波数值模拟

本文应用交错网格高阶有限差分方法模拟弹性波在三维各向同性介质中的传播。采用时间上二阶、空间上高阶近似的交错网格高阶差分公式求解三维弹性波位移-应力方程,并在计算边界处应用基于傍轴近似法得到的三维弹性波方程吸收边界条件。在此基础上进行了三维盐丘地质模型的地震波传播数值模拟试算。试算结果表明该方法模拟精度高,在很大程度上减小了数值频散,绕射波更加丰富,而且适用于介质速度具有纵向变化和横向变化的情况。     

2003年伽师6.8级地震序列特征和震源机制的初步研究

在位于1997-1998年新疆伽师9次6级地震分布区域的东南端，2003年2月24日又发生6．8级地震。结合伽师6．8级地震序列震源机制解结果，对该地震序列的基本特征和震源区应力降等进行了对比分析。结果表明，6．8级地震断层是在北西向的区域应力场挤压作用下产生的倾滑逆断层，震源以单侧破裂为主，破裂方向与极震区走向，以及北西向的主压应力方向一致。震前震源区应力显著增强，震后应力释放较为彻底。中强余震震源机制解与主震有明显差异，表现出震源区应力场处于不稳定的调整阶段，余震震源机制的差异为震后地震趋势的判定提供了依据。     

基于结构光与核线的匹配方法研究

摄影测量与计算机视觉中,同名点的匹配是难点.本文提出基于结构光与核线的同名点匹配方法,简化了对于某些特定物体测量时的匹配问题,方法简单快速,出错率低.本文试验中利用OpenGL模拟无纹理人物头像,用该方法进行立体匹配,取得良好的效果.     

电子地图数据管理系统的设计与实现

电子地图数据的管理是一项细致、繁琐的基础性工作,对其管理是否科学、高效将直接影响数据的提供和服务,建立实用的数据管理系统辅助管理,以提高效率,从而提供更好的服务。本文从数据源、存储设备编号、系统构架、数据库设计、系统功能与应用等多个方面介绍电子地图数据管理系统的设计和实现。     

Reinforcing a Dangerous Rock Mass Using the Flexible Network Method

Because the main failure type of a dangerous rock mass is collapse, the treatment of such a mass should focus on controlling collapse failure. When treating dangerous rock masses, disturbing the mass （e. g. by blasting） needs to be avoided, as this new damage could cause collapse. So the self-bearing capacity of the mountain mass must be used to treat the dangerous rock mass. This article is based on a practical example of the control of a dangerous rock mass at Banyan Mountain, Huangshi, Hubei Province. On the basis of an analysis of damage mechanism and the stability of the dangerous rock mass, a flexible network reinforcement method was designed to prevent the collapse of the rock mass. The deformations of section Ⅱ w of the dangerous rock mass before and after the flexible network reinforcement were calculated using the two-dimensional finite element method. The results show that the maximum deformation reduced by 55 % after the application of the flexible network reinforcement, from 45.99 to 20.75 ram, which demonstrates that the flexible network method is effective, and can provide some scientific basis for the treatment of dangerous rock masses.     

基于神经网络的元胞自动机及模拟复杂土地利用系统

本文提出了基于神经网络的元胞自动机(CellularAutomata),并将其用来模拟复杂的土地利用系统及其演变。国际上已经有许多利用元胞自动机进行城市模拟的研究,但这些模型往往局限于模拟从非城市用地到城市用地的转变。模拟多种土地利用的动态系统比一般模拟城市演化要复杂得多,需要使用许多空间变量和参数,而确定模型的参数值和模型结构有很大困难。本文通过神经网络、元胞自动机和GIS相结合来进行土地利用的动态模拟,并利用多时相的遥感分类图像来训练神经网络,能十分方便地确定模型参数和模型结构,消除常规模拟方法所带来的弊端。