两系法杂交稻安全制种的水热传输模型及其应用

针对两系杂交稻制种易遇夏季低温危害制种纯度的技术瓶颈,为正确采用以水调温预防技术,本文依据热量平衡原理,建立了制种稻田的水热传输多层模型。经实测资料检验,模型稳定、可靠。对模型输入不同灌水参数的计算结果表明:20 cm气温(不育系敏感期的幼穗高度)随着净辐射通量、灌水深度、进水及出水口水温的升高而增加,增温幅度受这些因子的综合影响。要合理的利用水资源必须考虑多种因子的相互作用。对育性的实测表明,以水调温对防御夏季低温,提高制种纯度效果良好。     

"2007.4.1"四川盆地强寒潮天气过程分析

利用T213 1°×1°和欧洲中心实时资料,对2007年4月l～3日四川盆地区域性寒潮天气过程的环流背景及影响系统进行了分析,结果表明:500 hPa乌拉尔山到贝加尔湖以东为宽广深厚的低压带,地面上巴湖附近为冷高压,此冷高压在500 hPa脊前西北气流的引导下东移南压,是造成此次寒潮大风天气的主要原因;而且低空急流也对降温有一定的作用.     

辽宁盖州震群剪切波分裂参数的时间演化特征

自2012年2月2日起,辽宁盖州地区发生多次4级以上地震,地震活动呈震群态势,且2020年依然持续.利用辽宁区域数字地震台网2008年1月至2018年12月近场小地震波形资料,采用剪切波分裂( SAM)方法,计算盖州震群中75次中小地震的剪切波分裂参数,并利用盖县( GAX)地震台(下文简称盖县台)记录分析剪切波分裂特...     

惠州凹陷文昌组烃源岩及相关原油中的2-甲基藿烷系列

首次报道了在惠州凹陷文昌组优质烃源岩及相关原油中普遍存在丰富的2-甲基藿烷系列生物标志物,而在恩平组烃源岩中则几乎缺乏这类生物标志物,其分布具有明显的专一性。这类特殊生物标志物在该地区沉积地层中分布特征的专一性是由不同时期沉积水体的水化学条件决定的。生物化学的研究结果表明,蓝细菌中富含2-甲基藿烷多醇,它们是2-甲基藿烷系列的前身物,因此蓝细菌是这类生物标志物的主要生物来源。依据现有的文献资料,发现较丰富的2-甲基藿烷系列大多出现在碳酸盐岩沉积中,显然这是一种偏碱性的水介质条件,可能暗示着这样的环境有利于蓝细菌的大量发育,这也可能是控制惠州凹陷文昌组和恩平组烃源岩中2-甲基藿烷系列分布规律的主要因素。2-甲基藿烷系列在不同层位烃源岩中分布的专一性可以作为确定原油的成因类型和追溯原油的来源可靠的指标。     

湘西洛塔表层岩溶泉的生态环境类型及水文特征

岩溶石山区表层岩溶带的调蓄功能可有效控制石漠化的加剧并为严重缺水地区提供饮用水。文章以湖南洛塔为例,在大量的野外调查基础上,通过对洛塔岩溶区表层岩溶系统生态环境与表层岩溶泉水文特征的对比研究,按生态环境属性将表层岩溶泉分为三种主要类型:森林环境表层岩溶泉、石漠化环境表层岩溶泉及石漠化-森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉。详细论述上述三种表层岩溶泉的发育条件与水文特征:森林环境表层岩溶泉具有持续稳定的水文动态与流量;石漠化环境表层岩溶泉流量与降雨量相对应,动态极不稳定;石漠化与森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉流量排泄峰值具有随泉域植被覆盖率增加而缓和的趋势。按照环境类型对表层岩溶泉进行分类,可直观地显示其特殊的水文特征,有助于岩溶泉的合理开发和综合利用。     

宁芜陶村磁铁矿矿床成矿流体及成矿作用

陶村磁铁矿矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宁芜盆地中段,矿床地质特征及岩浆构造背景与Kiruna型磷灰石-铁氧化物矿床相似。本文在野外工作基础上,通过流体包裹体测温和氢氧硫同位素研究,探讨该矿床成矿流体性质、来源及成矿作用。陶村主要矿石类型为浸染状和脉状磁铁矿,脉状矿石形成稍晚。通过包裹体显微测温获得:磷灰石中包裹体的均一温度集中在210~390℃,盐度集中在15%~23%NaCl_(eqv);石英中包裹体的均一温度集中在330~390℃,盐度主要集中在9%~13%NaCl_(eqv),此外还存在部分高盐度原生包裹体。石英的δD为-96‰~-54‰,δ~(18)O_(H2O)除了一个为8.3‰,其余为1.9‰~4.0‰,指示原始成矿流体为岩浆来源,后期有地表水加入。黄铁矿δ~(34)S为4.8‰~9.3‰,平均值为7.4‰,综合中段地区硫同位素资料,认为成矿流体中的硫来自三叠纪膏盐层与岩浆硫的混合。结合矿床地质特征,陶村成矿作用过程可概括为:岩浆出溶形成的高温含矿气液同化三叠纪膏盐层,带入SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Na~+等矿化剂;这种高温气液在岩体内以钠质交代形式富集Fe后,于岩体上部形成浸染状磁铁矿,岩体顶部和边部断裂部位形成(网)脉状磁铁矿。     

山东某地羟-氟磷灰石的研究

羟-氟磷灰石是介于氟磷灰石与羟磷灰石之间的变种。这次在山东枣庄发现的羟氟-磷灰石产在沙沟杂岩体内的同化混染作用形成的岩石中。本文研究了它的产状、物理化学特征及稀土元素模式等,讨论了它的地质意义。     

水溶液中草酸漂白高岭土细尾矿的研究

研究了用草酸在不同溶液中漂白高土细尾矿的反应动力学。考察了ＰＨ值,温度、浸出液初始浓度等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,ＰＨ值的降低、反应温度和浸出液浓度的提高有利于高岭土中氧化铁的浸出,该反应是草酸根与铁的摩尔比为３：１的络合反应,在草酸溶液中铁的溶出符合一级反应动力学。     

Cracking mechanisms during galena mineralization in a sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ore deposit: case study of the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China

There are two types of lead–zinc ore bodies, i.e., sandstone-hosted ores (SHO) and limestone-hosted ores (LHO), in the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China. Structural analysis suggests that thrust faults and dome structures are the major structural elements controlling lead–zinc mineralization. The two types of ore bodies are preserved in two thrust sheets in a three-layered structural profile in the framework of the Jinding dome structure. The SHO forms the cap of the dome and LHO bodies are concentrated beneath the SHO cap in the central part of the dome. Quartz, feldspar and calcite, and sphalerite, pyrite, and galena are the dominant mineral components in the sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ores. Quartz and feldspar occur as detrital clasts and are cemented by diagenetic calcite and epigenetic sulfides. The sulfide paragenetic sequence during SHO mineralization is from early pyrite to galena and late sphalerite. Galena occurs mostly in two types of cracks, i.e., crescent-style grain boundary cracks along quartz–pyrite, or rarely along pyrite–pyrite boundaries, and intragranular radial cracks in early pyrite grains surrounding quartz clasts. The radial cracks are more or less perpendicular to the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries and do not show any overall (whole rock) orientation pattern. Their distribution, morphological characteristics, and geometrical relationships with quartz and pyrite grains suggest the predominant role of grain-scale cracking. Thermal expansion cracking is one of the most important mechanisms for the generation of open spaces during galena mineralization. Cracking due to heating or cooling by infiltrating fluids resulted from upwelling fluid phases through fluid passes connecting the SHO and LHO bodies, provided significant spaces for crystallization of galena. The differences in coefficients of thermal expansion between pyrite and quartz led to a difference in volume changes between quartz grains and pyrite grains surrounding them and contributed to cracking of the pyrite grains when temperature changed. Combined thermal expansion and elastic mismatch due to heating and subsequent cooling resulted in the radial and crescent cracking in the pyrite grains and along the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries.     

Carboniferous Post-collisional Rift Volcanism of the Tianshan Mountains, Northwestern China

The Tianshan Carboniferous post-collisional rift volcanic rocks occur in northwestern China as a large igneous province. Based on petrogeochemical data, the Tianshan Carboniferous post-collisional rift basic lavas can be classified into two major magma types: (1) the low-Ti/Y type situated in the eastern-central Tianshan area, which exhibits low Ti/Y (<500), Ce/Yb (<15) and SiO2 (43-55%), and relatively high Fe2O3T (6.4-11.5%); (2) the high-Ti/Y type situated in the western Tianshan area, which has high Ti/Y (>500), Ce/Yb (>11) and SiO2 (49-55%), and relatively low Fe2O3T (5.8-7.8%). Elemental data suggest that chemical variations of the low-Ti/Y and high-Ti/Y lavas cannot be explained by fractional crystallization from a common parental magma. The Tianshan Carboniferous basic lavas originated most likely from an OIB-like asthenospheric mantle source (87Sr/86Sr(t) ≈ 0.703-0.705, εNd(t) ≈ +4 to +7). The crustal contamination and continental lithospheric mantle have also contributed significantly to the formation of the basic lavas of the Tianshan Carboniferous post-collisional rift. The silicic lavas were probably generated by partial melting of the crust. The data of this study show that spatial petrogeochemical variations exist in the Carboniferous post-collisional rift volcanics province in the Tianshan region. Occurrence of the thickest volcanics dominated by tholeiitic lavas may imply that the center of the mantle-melting anomaly (mantle plume) was in the eastern Tianshan area at that time. The basic volcanic magmas in the eastern Tianshan area were generated by a relatively high degree of partial melting of the mantle source around the spinel-garnet transition zone, whereas the alkaline basaltic lavas are of the dominant magma type in the western Tianshan area, which were generated by a low degree of partial melting of the mantle source within the stable garnet region, thus the basic lavas of the western Tianshan area might have resulted from relatively thick lithosphere and low geothermal gradient.