地球模型对季节性负荷形变计算的影响——以川滇地区为例

利用川滇地区的GNSS和GRACE数据,结合不同地球模型和负荷理论,研究了地球模型对地表季节性负荷形变计算的影响,该工作对于选取合适的地球模型开展负荷形变研究具有一定的参考价值。研究表明：(1)川滇地区GNSS观测的地壳垂向季节性形变振幅为20 mm左右,GRACE反演的垂向形变与GNSS的结果相位一致,振幅存在差异。(2)区域地球模型的负荷勒夫数与其他地球模型的差异较大,且负荷勒夫数h_n对地球结构的变化较为敏感。(3)区域地球模型可以改善GRACE反演的负荷形变结果,从而减小与GNSS观测结果的差异。(4)川滇地区大部分GNSS测站的加权均方根比值减小量呈现由东北向西南方向逐渐增加的变化趋势。     

印尼苏门答腊强烈地震

印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近海域当地时间2005年3月28日23时9分(北京时间29日零时9分)发生8．5级强烈地震,印度洋沿岸国家随即发出了海啸警报。本次强烈地震可能已经造成印尼近2000人死亡。     

2006年7月3日黄淮地区大暴雨过程分析

利用地面和高空常规气象观测资料及全省自动站逐时观测风场资料、MM5中尺度数值模拟资料、多普勒天气雷达观测资料,对2006年7月3日发生在黄淮地区的大暴雨过程进行分析和模拟.结果表明:这次暴雨是由高空低涡前部强盛西南暖湿急流与地面生成的中气旋影响造成的;切变线两侧大气层结的强烈不稳定对形成此次短时暴雨有重要促进作用;此次临沂市短时暴雨是由低空切变线上生成的中β尺度气旋东移影响的;在有利的大尺度环流背景下,可利用数值预报产品预估过程集中影响时段,结合卫星云图资料范围大,雷达回波探测性强,自动站资料实时性、灵活性强等优点,进一步作好短时暴雨的临近预警预报,提高短时暴雨的预报提前量,努力降低短时暴雨造成的经济损失.     

Study of the free surface flow of water–kaolinite mixture by moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method

The flow of water–kaolinite mixtures exhibits a non‐Newtonian nature that differs from the flow of Newtonian fluid. The varying viscosities and shear history of non‐Newtonian fluid flows necessitate the use of a rheology model in moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) for the numerical studies. On the other hand, the Lagrangian method has the advantage of handling free surface flows with large deformation and fragmentation. This study proposes a mesh‐free Lagrangian method, namely, the MPS method, together with a simple rheology model to investigate the non‐Newtonian free surface flows. The rheological parameters required in the rheology model are determined based upon experiments. The proposed method is applied to a water–kaolinite mixture collapse problem and is proved to be capable of reproducing the significant flow features observed in laboratory experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一次强烈雹暴的三维结构和形成机制的单、双多普勒雷达分析

利用单多普勒天气雷达的反射率因子、径向速度数据和双多普勒雷达反演的三维风场,分析了一次强烈雹暴的产生、发展和维持机制.主要结果为:该雹暴是产生于中等偏上垂直风切变和较大的对流有效位能条件下的右移风暴,它在旧无序多单体风暴的右侧产生.旧的多单体风暴和雹暴初始阶段主要雷达回波区域负的径向速度(向着雷达的速度)占主导地位,随...     

A research on the estimation of coefficient roughness in open channel applying entropy concept

Manning’s roughness coefficient is one of the most important parameters in establishing the plan, design, operation, and maintenance of the water resource projects for hydraulic engineers, and since the worth of this value has a significant effect on the analysis of the water level and flow rate distribution, it is very important to carry out the calculation of flood stage, design of the stream/river structure, and safety assessment of the stream. Due to the importance of these factors, the calculation of objective and quantitative roughness coefficient has long drawn attention from researchers at home and abroad. Many studies have been conducted to estimate the roughness coefficient based on the actual measurements for various types of streams, such as gravel and sand streams, and many others have produced experience equation for various levels of materials and relative depth. Despite many of these efforts, the roughness coefficient uses constant values when applied to the actual model or real design. This application is a major source of error in simulating flood and unsteady flow. To solve these problems, good results were obtained by attempting to calculate the roughness coefficient applied with the entropy concept in open-channel flow. In particular, the proposed roughness coefficient based on the measurements taken from laboratories under conditions showed very similar to the actual stream flow which was found to be about the same as the value from the unsteady flow. Accordingly, the newly developed roughness coefficient equation, which is the result of this study, is a very practical one formula that can be applied to the flood flow of real natural streams. It can also be used as an alternative to make up for the disadvantages of the Manning’s roughness coefficient.     

Analysis of temperature field characteristics based on subgrade site measurements of Harbin-Qiqihar High-speed Railway in a deep seasonal frozen soil region

Recent years have seen a large number of high-speed railways built and will be built in seasonal frozen soil regions of China. Although high-speed railways are characterized by being fast, comfortable and safe, higher standards for deformation of the railways' frozen subgrade are required. Meanwhile, changes in subgrade soil temperatures are the main factors affecting the deformation of frozen subgrade. Therefore, this paper selected typical test subgrade sections of the Harbin–Qiqihar Line, a special line for passenger transport built in the deep seasonal frozen soil regions of China, to monitor field temperatures. Also, the temperature changing laws of railways' subgrade in this region was analyzed by using testing data, the aim of which is to provide a technical support for future design and construction of buildings and structures in a deep seasonal frozen soil region.     

Temperature monitoring of the XPS board insulated subgrade along the newly constructed Gonghe-Yushu Highway in permafrost regions

On the basis of on-site measured data of the newly constructed Gonghe-Yushu Highway in a permafrost region, this paper analyzed thermal conditions of the subgrade with XPS insulated board according to different selected monitoring sections in various locations. We also summarized the geothermal distribution and change rules of subgrade with XPS insulation board under the asphalt pavement in summarized a high temperature frozen soil region. It is suggested that the shoulder of subgrade with XPS insulation board be widen to a reasonable width so as to keep the subgrade stable.     

Study on the sunny-shady slope effect on the subgrade of a high-speed railway in a seasonal frozen region

The temperature distributions of different parts of a subgrade were analyzed based on the results of three years of monitoring data from the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line, a high-speed railway, including the slope toes, shoulders, and natural ground. The temperature variation with time and the maximum frozen depths showed that an obvious sunny-shady effect exists in the railway subgrade, which spans a seasonal frozen region. Development of frost heave is affected by the asymmetric temperature distribution. The temperature field and the maximum frozen depths 50 years after the subgrade was built were simulated with a mathematical model of the unsteady phase transition of the geothermal field.