糖尿病下肢动脉病变64层螺旋CT血管成像分析

目的:研究糖尿病下肢动脉病变64层螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）特征。方法:回顾性分析80例临床诊断为糖尿病,并行64层螺旋CTA检查的患者资料。下肢动脉分为4段（髂动脉段、股动脉段、腘动脉段和小腿动脉段）。统计下肢动脉病变部位、数目、性质、长度（<5 cm,5~10 cm和>10 cm）并分析其特点。结果:根据4分段法,80例患者中病变动脉148条,多节段病变55（37.16%）条,其中受累股动脉104（70.27%）条,受累的小腿动脉134（90.54%）条。总病变325处,其中闭塞性疾病179（55.08%）处,狭窄性病变约146（44.92%）处。>10 cm闭塞病变主要发生在小腿动脉66处,占小腿动脉病变的49.25%,以胫前动脉和胫后动脉为主。结论:糖尿病下肢动脉病变CTA表现主要以多节段硬化闭塞为主,多累及股动脉和小腿动脉。无创性CTA可用于下肢动脉病变的常规评估。      

Risks of airborne pollution accidents in a major conurbation: case study of Zhangjiakou,a host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics

The number of airborne pollution accidents is second only to that of water-borne pollution accidents, in recorded environmental disasters. Acute casualties and public health costs have prompted many airborne pollution risk analyses. To date, few assessment methods have been carried out at regional-scale to quantify acute airborne pollution risk. Herein, a Hybrid Simulation and Risk Analysis approach, involving a systematic combination of simulation, risk ranking, and standardized analysis, is proposed at regional scale. Gaussian and heavy-gas models are utilized in the simulation process, and acute exposure limits preferentially adopted in the risk analysis. The case study shows that 34 of 243 townships in Zhangjiakou City of north China, one of the twin cities selected to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, are threatened by airborne risk sources. It is found that the accidental air pollution risk is comparatively higher in the Xuanhua and Wanquan conurbations. High-risk chemical enterprises (312–432 risk scores) are mostly located near urban areas with high population density where many people are vulnerable receptors to potential air pollution accidents. The resulting risk map indicates that acute airborne pollution from Zhangjiakou would not be a threat either to the proposed Olympic site at Chongli or to downwind Beijing.     

基于长时间序列水位数据的长江下游菜子湖候鸟越冬期水位特征

湖泊生态水位过程对维持湖泊生态系统结构、过程和功能的完整性具有重要意义,也是当今湖泊科学领域面临的重要科学问题.基于菜子湖湖区水位站(车富岭水位站) 1956-2018年日水位资料,采用pettitt突变检验法分析水位的突变性特征.结合年保证率法得到菜子湖车富岭水位站低水位值,并在此基础上分析了低水位发生时间及历时、候鸟越冬期水位变化速率及其生态水位的区间阈值.主要结论有:菜子湖车富岭水位站1956-2018年年均水位无显著突变.菜子湖车富岭水位站低水位发生时间均值为年内的344 d,年际标准差为27 d,低水位的年均历时为69 d,标准差为49 d,有6年(1978、1997、2015-2018年)未发生低水位事件.菜子湖候鸟越冬期水位变化速率的均值为-0.009 m/d,年均值为-0.034～0.009 m/d,日均值为-0.051～0.016 m/d.菜子湖低水位发生时间的区间阈值为332～351 d,历时的区间阈值为33～98 d,变化速率的区间阈值为-0.070～0.020 m/d.加强菜子湖候鸟越冬期湿地生境保护适应性调度试验研究及生态环境监测,为菜子湖输水水位优化控制和菜子湖湿地生态保护提供科学依据.     

鄱阳湖丰水期着生藻类群落空间分布特征

着生藻类一般生长位置相对稳定,其群落分布主要受环境因素的影响,同时,着生藻类还是重要的水环境指示生物.本研究对鄱阳湖丰水期5个典型湖区(主航道、西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊)着生藻类的群落结构特征进行调查,包括生物量、优势种及生物多样性,分析影响着生藻类群落区域分布的环境因子,以期为鄱阳湖水环境保护和水资源合理利用提供基础资料.结果表明:鄱阳湖着生藻类群落以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻为主;鄱阳湖着生藻类总生物量有着明显的区域差异:主航道区域的生物量相对最高,平均为419 mg/m^2;其次是东南湖汊,平均为322 mg/m^2;南矶湿地和西部湿地分别为172和52 mg/m^2;而撮箕湖的总生物量相对最低,为9 mg/m^2.主航道的着生藻类优势种群为绿藻和硅藻,西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊4个区域的优势种群为硅藻.冗余分析结果显示鄱阳湖丰水期着生藻类群落分布与总磷、电导率、pH值、总氮、硝态氮和悬浮物等理化因子关系较为密切.鄱阳湖主航道与长江连通,水体流速高;西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊为季节性连通湖泊,丰水季节与主湖区水体连为一体,枯水季节独立蓄水.5个湖区的区域差异是导致其着生藻类群落结构差异的重要原因之一.着生藻类的多样性指数分析表明鄱阳湖水体处于中度污染状态.     

Three-dimensional arbitrarily anisotropic modeling for time-domain airborne electromagnetic surveys

Electrically anisotropic strata are abundant in nature, so their study can help our data interpretation and our understanding of the processes of geodynamics. However, current data processing generally assumes isotropic conditions when surveying anisotropic structures, which may cause discrepancies between reality and electromagnetic data interpretation. Moreover, the anisotropic interpretation of the time-domain airborne electromagnetic (TDAEM) method is still confined to one dimensional (1D) cases, and the corresponding three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations are still in development. In this study, we expanded the 3D TDAEM modeling of arbitrarily anisotropic media. First, through coordinate rotation of isotropic conductivity, we obtained the conductivity tensor of an arbitrary anisotropic rock. Next, we incorporated this into Maxwell’s equations, using a regular hexahedral grid of vector finite elements to subdivide the solution area. A direct solver software package provided the solution for the sparse linear equations that resulted. Analytical solutions were used to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the algorithm. The proven model was then applied to analyze the effects of arbitrary anisotropy in 3D TDAEM via the distribution of responses and amplitude changes, which revealed that different anisotropy situations strongly affected the responses of TDAEM.     

Combined effect of climate change and human activities on the hydrological processes of an urban river: case study of the Xiaoqing River,China

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to reveal statistical characteristics and exceedance probability of discharge under the combined effect of climate change and human activities. The study is conducted in the Xiaoqing River in Jinan, China, based on data of discharge, land-use types and precipitation from the period 1970–2016. A multivariate joint probability distribution of the data is established to test the univariable, bivariable and trivariable change points. These are then used to calculate and analyse the risk probability of discharge exceeding the specific values under different conditions of precipitation and land-use type. The results show that the change point calculated by trivariate joint distribution can reduce the disturbance of the change point obtained with the univariable or bivariable approach and reflect the changes of various factors in the hydrological processes more objectively. When the land-use type is taken into consideration, the trivariate distribution can reflect the variation of hydrological processes more reasonably.     

Characterizing the variability of transit time distributions and young water fractions in karst catchments using flux tracking

Hydrological and biogeochemical processes in karst environments are strongly controlled by heterogeneous fracture-conduit networks. Quantifying the spatio-temporal variability of water transit time and young water fractions in such heterogeneous hydrogeological systems is fundamental to linking discharge and water quality dynamics in the karst critical zone. We used a tracer-aided conceptual hydrological model to track the fate of each hour of rain input individually. Using this approach, the variability of transit time distributions and young water fraction were estimated in the main landscape units in a karst catchment of Chenqi in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The model predicted that the mean young water (i.e., <~2 months old) fraction of ground conduit flow is 0.31. Marked seasonal variabilities in water storage and hydrological connectivity between the conduit network and fractured matrix, as well as between hillslopes and topographic depression, drive the dynamics of young water fraction and travel time distributions in each landscape unit. Especially, the strong hydrological connectivity between the land surface and underground conduits caused by the direct infiltration through large fractures and sinkholes, leads the drastic increasement in young water fraction of runoff after heavy rain. Even though the contribution of young water to runoff is greater, the strong mixing and drainage of small fractures accelerate the old water release during high flows during the wet season. It is notable that the young water may sometimes be the most contaminated component contributing to the underground conduit network in karst catchments, because of the direct transfer of contaminants from the ground surface with rain water via large fractures and sinkholes.     

多维地震激励下考虑构件滞回性能的输电塔倒塌分析

本文基于角钢新型非线性材料本构模型对多维地震激励下输电塔倒塌破坏进行模拟研究。基于ABAQUS中RIKS算法得到不同长细比角钢的屈曲承载力,并通过承载力试验验证有限元分析结果。基于角钢滞回性能试验结果,采用Fortran语言编制角钢新型非线性材料本构模型,并与试验结果对比。建立输电塔三维有限元模型,采用动力显式分析方法,对多维地震激励下输电塔倒塌进行模拟,总结输电塔的极限承载力、杆件屈曲情况和倒塌位置。研究结果可为多维地震激励下输电塔抗倒塌设计提供参考。     

模拟强震后高压输电接续管漏磁的检测方法研究

为维持强震影响下电力系统安全运行,改善高压输电效率及输电质量,提出强震影响下高压输电接续管漏磁检测方法。采用磁敏传感器获取漏磁通内的漏磁信号,通过计算提取接续管内漏磁信号特征量,依据这些特征实现高压输电接续管漏磁检测。构建高压输电接续管三维有限元几何模型,通过对模型的单元类型确定、材料选择、边界条件与荷载设置、传感器部署位置等,完成高压输电接续管仿真分析。实验结果表明：在Ⅸ度罕遇北京波影响下,接续管内漏磁信号特征量可评判缺陷深度,实现接线管漏磁检测。通过对DL/T1192-2012标准输电线接续管上表面和下表面两端的漏磁信号峰值检测等,证明了本文方法对强震影响下高压输电接续管漏磁进行检测的有效性。     

抗震结构破坏准则的历史沿革和发展趋势

本文详细讨论了现有抗震结构破坏评估准则并指出其不足和存在问题,深入研究了抗震结构破坏准则的基本思路和发展趋势。指出了由于结构地震响应从地面运动到结构性能两方面固有的随机性和不确定性,使基于性能的抗震设计应当在概率的基础上形成;破坏模型作为度量结构破坏程度的有效工具,也应当在概率基础上形成。