中海油多分量地震处理技术的发展与应用实例

20世纪末中海油在南海油气勘探中成功试验了二维多分量地震技术.其后十多年,中海油进一步在不同近海油气盆地采集了三维多分量OBC地震资料.但由于针对三维转换波的处理未能形成有效的关键技术,除双检叠加利用了水压分量和陆检垂直分量外,大量水平分量数据未被使用.鉴于此,中海油在十二五期间开展三维多分量地震数据处理的关键技术攻关：针对弹性波场的矢量特征、转换波射线路径不对称以及双程旅行时多时间尺度等问题,成功研发了矢量化的信号处理技术、弹性波速度建模以及叠前时间偏移成像等技术;集成了相对完善的三维弹性波成像EWI软件系统;完成了多个试验区的三维四分量OBC地震转换波的处理,取得了好于以往技术的效果;建立了海上多分量OBC地震资料处理流程.但相对于成熟的纵波处理技术,海洋多分量地震处理技术仍需要不断完善与发展.     

力平衡反馈技术在石英水平摆倾斜仪中的应用研究

石英水平摆倾斜仪在前兆地震观测中得到了广泛的应用,取得了较好的观测数据,但是仍然存在一些不足,如灵敏度未知、频率特性不理想等.为解决这些问题,本文提出一种基于力平衡反馈技术的石英水平摆倾斜仪设计方法.该方法通过差动式电容换能器检测摆锤的位置信息,将其转换成电信号输出;同时通过电子线路将输出电压信号处理后反馈给摆锤,该反馈电压在摆锤上产生一静电力.根据该设计方法,我们研制了原理样机并进行了测试,结果表明,样机的灵敏度为16801V/（m·s^-2）,样机的幅度响应在从DC到5s都是平坦的.     

近断层脉冲型地震动作用下高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构的减震性能研究

近断层地震动中长周期、短持时和高能量的加速度脉冲将对高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构的减震性能产生不利影响,考虑土-结构相互作用（SSI效应）后的隔震结构将产生动力耦合效应,可能进一步放大隔震结构地震响应。为此,通过一幢框架-核心筒高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构的非线性地震响应分析,考察近断层脉冲型地震动作用下框架-核心筒摩擦摆基础隔震结构的层间位移角、楼层加速度和隔震层变形等响应规律,揭示隔震体系的损伤机理。基于集总参数SR （sway-rocking）模型,分析不同场地类别与不同地震动类型对隔震体系动力响应影响规律。结果表明:高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构在近断层脉冲型地震动作用下的减震效果相比普通地震动减震效果变差,楼层剪力、层间位移角和隔震层变形等超越普通地震动作用下的1.5倍;对于Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地类别,考虑SSI效应使隔震结构的地震响应进一步放大,弹塑性层间位移角随着土质变软增大尤为明显。     

基于加权水平精度因子的伪卫星基站选择方法

提出一种以加权水平精度因子为依据的基站选择方法,该方法根据基站和用户的相对位置给予每个基站不同的权值,降低测量误差较大的基站被选中参与定位的可能性。通过对伪距测量误差数学模型的分析,推导伪卫星定位系统加权矩阵,并设计了基于基站对WHDOP贡献的基站选择方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能更加高效、准确地实现伪卫星基站的选择,降低接收机的计算量,提高系统的定位精度。     

Distribution Patterns of Major and Trace Elements and Provenance of Surface Sediments on the Continental Shelf off Western Guangdong Province and Northeastern Hainan Island

A coupled approach based on grain size and geochemical elements is used to trace the provenance of surface sediments and to confirm the distribution patterns of grain size and elements on the continental shelf off western Guangdong Province and northeastern Hainan Island. The mean grain size ranges from 0.05 φ to 7.28 φ with a mean value of 5.60 φ. The average concentrations of major elements descend in the order of SiO_2Al_2O_3CaOFe_2O_3K_2OMgONa_2OTiO_2 P_2O_5 MnO, while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of Sr Rb Zn V Cr Pb Ni Cu As Cd. On the basis of the distribution patterns of elements and results of statistical analysis, the study area is classified into three zones. Zone I locates on the continental shelf off western Guangdong Province, and the sediments are mainly from Pearl River, Taiwanese rivers, and small rivers nearby. Zone II locates in the eastern exit of Qiongzhou Strait and the coastal area off Leizhou Peninsula, and the sediments are mainly from the erosion products of Qiongzhou Strait and Hainan Island. Zone III locates off the eastern Hainan Island and the continental shelf deeper than-50 m isobaths, and the sediments are mainly from Hainan Island and coral reef. The influence from open water should also be considered. Results indicate that the grain size is the main controlling factor for major and trace element contents and that anthropogenic impact and biological activity also play an important role in the distribution of these elements.     

The Light Regime Effect on Triacylglycerol Accumulation of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis

Stress state of microalgal cells is caused under unfavorable conditions such as disordered light regime and depleted nitrogen. The stress state can impair photosynthetic efficiency, inhibit cell growth and result in the accumulation of triacylglycerol(TAG) from protective mechanisms. Continuous light or nitrogen starvation was applied on microalgae and performed effectively on inducing TAG production. To evaluate the light regime effect on inducing TAG production, the effect of different light regimes on nitrogen-starved Isochrysis zhangjiangensis was investigated in this work. The continuous light and nitrogen starvation elevated TAG content of biomass by 73% and 193%, respectively. Furthermore, the TAG accumulation of I. zhangjiangensis cell under nitrogen starvation decreased under aggravated stress from continuous illumination. Our results demonstrated that culturing the cells with 14 L: 10 D light regime under nitrogen starvation is the optimal mode to achieve maximal accumulation of TAG. A recovery in light regime was necessary for I. zhangjiangensis cultivation.     

Formation of an anticyclonic eddy and the mechanism involved: a case study using cruise data from the northern South China Sea

Data from satellite altimetry and in situ observations together with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)reanalysis data were used to investigate the mechanism and formation of an anticyclonic eddy in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS).Analysis of water mass using cruise data indicated that the water captured in the eddy differs from those in the SCS,the Kuroshio intrusion,and the eddy-forming region.Data from sea surface height(SSH)and sea level anomaly(SLA)indicate that the eddy formed due both to the Kuroshio intrusion and the local circulation in the SCS.The Kuroshio intrusion is present at the start of the eddy growth(March 5-9)before Kuroshio leaps the Luzon Strait.The eddy then becomes larger and stronger in the absence of the Kuroshio intrusion.From the eddy budget of the HYCOM reanalysis data,the formation of the eddy goes in three steps.By the third step,the eddy had become affected by variations of local SCS circulation,which is more strongly than in the first step in which it is affected more by the Kuroshio intrusion.The variability of the temperature and salinity inside the eddy provide a support to this conclusion.The water in the SCS intruded into the eddy from the southeast,which decrease the salinity gradually in the southern part of the eddy during the growth period.     

海洋疏浚泥资源化综合利用成果转化推广"瓶颈"及其对策建议

随着我国沿海地区社会经济的飞速发展,港航工程建设及维护产生的疏浚泥产量急剧增加,规模化、产业化实现疏浚泥资源化处理综合利用刻不容缓。文章以海洋固体废弃物资源化再利用为宗旨,结合南海规划与环境研究院近20年来在该领域的理论研究基础与工程实践经验,系统分析了海洋疏浚泥资源化利用技术成果推广转化面临的“瓶颈”,从建立永久性基地困难、产业链整合程度较低、成本造价竞争力不强、设计施工过程较保守、复合型管理人才缺乏等方面进行了思考分析,并有针对性地从加强基础研究应用、建立协同创新机制、建立交流合作网络、强化知识产权保护、健全政策法规体系、完善行业管理机制等角度为相关管理决策部门提出了具有可操作性的对策与建议。     

黄渤海夏季生物发光强度分布特征及其影响因素分析

机械刺激所致生物发光无论对于海洋生态学的研究还是对于水下目标探测均具有重要意义。本研究利用现场测量数据,首次定量化揭示了夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光强度的三维空间分布特征,并在此基础上,进一步结合同步测量的环境参数及浮游植物种群数据分析了其影响因素。主要结论包括：（1）夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光强度较强,其平均值约为4×10¹⁰photons/（s·L）,最大值约为2×10¹²photons/（s·L）,高值区主要出现在长江口附近海域;（2）夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光的物种以甲藻类浮游植物为主,在甲藻中,夜光藻对机械刺激所致生物发光强度的分布起着主要决定作用;（3）夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光的空间分布对温度、盐度及以叶绿素浓度为代表的总生物量的整体依赖性较低。