一株分离自太平洋卡罗琳深海海山水域NX-5T菌株的多相分类鉴定

黄杆菌种类多、分布广,但从深海海山环境中发现黄杆菌新物种的报道还没有。2017年我们从西太平洋卡罗琳深海海山水域分离到一株细菌XN-5^T,经16S rRNA基因序列测定表明,该菌与黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)内系统发育关系最近模式菌株F.degerlachei LMG 21915^T、F.frigoris LMG 21922^T之间的相似性分别为97.5%和97.8%。本研究采用形态学观察、生理生化特征、遗传特征、脂肪酸和极性脂测定等方法,对该菌株进行了详细的多相分类鉴定。结果表明,XN-5^T菌株在16S rRNA基因系统发育、生长温度、淀粉、酪蛋白水解、硝酸盐还原,产α-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶,同化L-阿拉伯糖、D-甘露醇、N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖、葡萄糖酸钾,发酵蔗糖、阿拉伯糖,以及脂肪酸、极性脂组成等方面,均与相近模式菌株有所差异。综合多相分类鉴定数据,我们判定XN-5^T菌株为Flavobacterium属内的一个新种,命名为Flavobacterium pacifica sp. nov。     

基于图像测速的波浪破碎两相速度场测量方案探讨

针对波浪破碎试验中气泡区速度与水体速度无法同时测量的难题,基于实验室条件,搭建了粒子图像测速（PIV）和气泡图像测速（BIV）系统,采用声学多普勒测速仪（ADV）对PIV测量精度和不同场景下BIV测量精度进行了细致的验证,并设计多种试验方案以期实现BIV与PIV的同步耦合测量。试验结果表明,7W激光+后置灯的优化照明方案,其耦合测量的气泡区速度代表参数与标准BIV照明方案的结果误差小于5%,且耦合测量的气泡区下方水质点的速度曲线与标准PIV测量结果吻合,表明该改进方案满足PIV与BIV耦合测量的条件。本文实现的PIV与BIV耦合测量有利于优化测量和分析工作,减小破碎波浪重复生成的影响,有利于提高测量精度,为大范围波浪破碎速度场的快速测量提供了新的方案。     

乡村振兴视阈下冰雪旅游高质量发展的空间联动逻辑与双轮驱动机制

冰雪旅游是冰雪产业、文化产业、旅游产业的集合,在乡村振兴和生态文明建设的大背景下,冰雪旅游的高质量发展需要在经济提升与文化传承之间实现一种主体间的和谐,这种和谐的达成与旅游场域下乡村冰雪旅游地的空间结构演变密切相关,因此以空间范式为轴心的冰雪旅游研究十分有必要。以理论推演和模型构建为方法,依次分析冰雪旅游在乡村振兴中的多元利益主体博弈与文化资本实践的双轮驱动机制、解构在双轮驱动之下冰雪旅游地的空间体系、论述冰雪旅游高质量发展所需要的空间联动逻辑,结果发现：乡村冰雪旅游地空间是动静结合、虚实共存的多维体系,在双轮驱动下重构为地理空间和信息空间的双层空间结构,以及生态空间、生产空间、生活空间、旅游空间的四维空间网络,各层子空间彼此交互联动。从空间体系出发的乡村冰雪旅游高质量发展,需要依靠文化资本实践丰富冰雪旅游产品供给、深化利益主体博弈下的社区协调、通过空间联动优化乡村冰雪旅游规划。     

山东省油页岩资源特征及开发利用前景

随着石油资源可用量的不断减少,页岩气、油页岩、油砂与稠油作为一种新能源,近年来备受人们的重视。山东省存在着丰富的油页岩资源。近年来笔者通过收集前人相关资料、野外地质填图、钻探编录、典型矿区考察、关键样品化验分析等手段对其进行了初步研究,初步认识了山东地区油页岩的资源特征及其形成环境,对未来山东地区油页岩矿的预测及潜力的评价具有一定的指导与借鉴作用。     

基于面向对象的山东省冬小麦种植面积监测

利用遥感技术,使用eCognition软件的面向对象分类技术,对RAPIDEYE卫星影像进行分类识别,从而快速、准确的监测小麦种植面积,为冬小麦财政补贴提供数据和技术支持。以兖州市为例,行政区面积6.501 9万hm2,小麦监测面积3.1715万hm2,小麦面积监测精度达到了90.5%。     

内蒙古金厂沟梁金矿床成矿流体特征及稳定同位素研究

对金厂沟梁金矿床含金石英脉中流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、单个包裹体的激光拉曼测试以及O和S同位素组成等方面研究。结果表明,成矿流体气相成分主要为H2 O,属H2 O-NaCl体系,包裹体均一温度为148.7℃～352℃,盐度[ w （ NaCl ）/％]为1.05％～5.99％。δ18 O值为-1.1‰～3.0‰,说明成矿流体继承了变质流体的特征,仍以岩浆水和后期大气降水为主;δ34 SV-CDT组成为0.6‰～4.3‰,平均值0.817‰,极差为3.1‰,表明成矿流体中的硫主要来自于幔源,其次为围岩。综合分析认为,金厂沟梁金矿床是在燕山晚期太平洋板块俯冲导致岩石圈的快速减薄、拆沉的拉张环境下形成的浅成造山型金矿。     

太平洋鳕鱼脑中硫苷脂的分离纯化和分析

以太平洋鳕鱼为原料,从鳕鱼脑中分离硫苷脂,确立了提取及纯化的条件,并对硫苷脂的纯度和分子种进行分析。首先,采用氯仿/甲醇(2∶1,v/v)提取总脂。然后,依次采用氯仿/甲醇/水(7∶3∶0.3,v/v/v)洗脱硅胶柱层析,含0.2mol/L乙酸铵的氯仿/甲醇/水(30∶60∶8,v/v/v)洗脱DEAE Sephadex-A25离子交换柱层析,40%甲醇脱盐和100%甲醇洗脱反相C8柱层析,获得硫苷脂纯品。最后,利用500YMC Diol液相色谱柱(3.0mm×250mm,5μm)分离,以正己烷/异丙醇(70∶30,v/v),异丙醇/水/甲酸/氨水(100∶13∶1∶0.14,v/v/v/v)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用负电喷雾电离(ESI)和母离子扫描模式,用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法分析了鳕鱼脑硫苷脂的纯度和分子种组成,并比较了其与哺乳动物脑中硫苷脂分子种组成的异同。结果表明,本实验制得的鳕鱼脑硫苷脂纯度为90.74%,与哺乳动物类似,鳕鱼脑硫苷脂的长链碱基以鞘氨醇为主,主要分子种为d18∶1-C24∶1,但脂肪酸的羟基化程度略低,且含少量独特的分子种,如d18∶1-22∶1和d18∶2-25∶2。     

Identification of Fucans from Four Species of Sea Cucumber by High Temperature ~1H NMR

Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from three different geographical zones, Pearsonothuria graeffei（Pg） from Indo-Pacific, Holothuria vagabunda（Hv） from Norwegian Coast, Stichopus tremulu（St） from Western Indian Ocean, and Isostichopus badionotu（Ib） from Western Atlantic. The polysaccharide extract was separated and purified with a cellulose DEAE anion-exchange column to obtain corresponding sea cucumber fucans（SC-Fucs）. The chemical property of these SC-Fucs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sulfate content, was determined. Their structure was compared simply with fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and identified with high temperature 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analyzer（NMR） and room temperature 13 C NMR. The results indicated that Fuc-Pg obtained from the torrid zone mainly contained 2,4-O-disulfated and non-sulfated fucose residue, whereas Fuc-Ib from the temperate zone contained non-, 2-O- and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residue; Fuc-St from the frigid zone and Fuc-Hv from the torrid zone contained mainly non-sulfated fucose residue. The proton of SC-Fucs was better resolved via high temperature 1H NMR than via room temperature 1H NMR. The fingerprint of sea cucumber in different sea regions was established based on the index of anomer hydrogen signal in SC-Fucs. Further work will help to understand whether there exists a close relationship between the geographical area of sea cucumber and the sulfation pattern of SC-Fucs.     

Dispersal of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene

High-resolution Chirp profiling and coring reveals an elongated(ca. 400 km) Holocene Zhujiang River(Pearl River)-derived mud area(maximum thickness 20 m) extending from the Zhujiang River Delta, southwestward off the Guangdong coast, to the Leizhou Peninsula. Two depo-centers, one proximal and one distal, are identified. On the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, the mud is deposited in water depth shallower than 50 m; while to the southeast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, the mud area can extend to the-120 m isobath. A combined analysis with the stratigraphic sequences of other muddy deposits in the Western Pacific marginal seas(mainly Changjiang(Yangtze) and Huanghe(Yellow) Rivers derived) indicates that the initiation of the Zhujiang River muddy deposit can be further divided into two stages: Stage 1 is before the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand(ca. 7.0 cal. ka BP), the proximal mud was mostly deposited after 9.0 cal. ka BP, when the sea-level rose slowly after the Meltwater Pulse-1C; Stage 2, after the mid-Holocene sealevel highstand, clinoform developed on the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, extending ca. 400 km from the Zhujiang River Estuary. The proximal clinoform thins offshore, from ca. 10 m thickness around 5–10 m water depth to less than 1–2 m around 20–30 m water depth. In addition, we also find a developed distal clinoform in the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.     

区域Gamma混合模型的SAR图像分割

针对传统Gamma混合模型用于SAR图像分割时忽略像素间空间相关性,导致分割结果不连续并产生大量误分割的现象,提出了区域Gamma混合模型的SAR图像分割算法。首先对图像进行分水岭分割,得到过分割区域块,然后将其作为输入样本进行基于Gamma混合模型的聚类,在模型的参数估计过程中进一步考虑区域间的空间相关性,设计邻域因子融入到迭代过程,得到邻域加权类分布概率。该算法充分利用像素间的空间相关性,能够降低噪声对分割结果的影响。通过合成图像和真实SAR图像的实验表明,本文算法能够实现SAR图像的准确分割。