Subsurface target recognition in Utopia Planitia of Mars by Tianwen-1 FP-SPR simulation

As a cold and dry planet, Mars contains water resources in the form of water ice, so that the electromagnetic waves can be transmitted to the deep underground to get the information of the topography and subsurface geological structure. Subsurface penetrating radar(SPR) can be widely used in deep space exploration for a long time because of its non-destructive detection mode and its working characteristics not limited by visible light. It is an important type of equipment for detecting the subsurface structure of planets. Orbiter radar is mainly used in Mars exploration. However, because of its low resolution, it is difficult to describe the near surface structure, so there is a lack of radar data which can reflect the shallow information. In this paper, a three-dimensional near surface model of Utopia Planitia on Mars is established. In order to make the simulation results more reasonable, the key factors such as topographic relief, subsurface rocks and water ice, and the variation of dielectric constant in different layers are taken into account. Then the full polarization forward modeling is carried out by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The acquired full polarimetric subsurface penetrating radar(FP-SPR) data with noise is preprocessed and further processed by Pauli decomposition. The underground reflection can be picked up more clearly from the Pauli decomposition results. This work is helpful to identify more details of subsurface structures and provides a reference for the measured data in the future.     

2016下半年安达曼海潮、余流观测分析

The characteristics of currents and tidal currents in the Andaman Sea(AS) are studied during the second half of2016 using observed data from a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) deployed at 8.6°N, 95.6°E.During the observation period, the mean flow is 5–10 cm/s and largely southward. The root mean square and kinetic energies of the low and high frequency flows, which are divided by a cutoff period of 5 d, are at the same level, indicating their identical importance to the total current. A power spectrum analysis shows that intraseasonal oscillations, a tidal-related semilunar month signal, a semidiurnal tidal signal and periods of 3–4 d are prominent. The barocliny of an eddy kinetic energy is stronger than the mean kinetic energy, both of which are the strongest on the bottom and the weakest at 70 m depth. Residual currents are largely southward(northward) during the summer(winter) monsoon season. Two striking peaks of the southward flow cause the 80 d period of meridional currents. The first peak is part of a large-scale circulation, which enters the AS through the northern channel and exits through the southern channel, and the second peak is part of a local vortex. The 40 d oscillation of the zonal current is forced by geostrophic variations attributed to local and equatorial remote forcing. The tidal current is dominated by semidiurnal constituents, and among these, M2 and N2 are the top two largest major axes. Moreover, astronomical tidal constituents MM and MSF are also significant. Diurnal constituents are weak and shallow water tides are ignorable. The aims are to introduce the new current data observed in the AS and to provide initial insights for the tidal and residual currents in the Andaman Sea.     

舟山渔场软体生物中PCBs的残留及潜在生态风险

本文测定了舟山渔场附近6个沿海城市5种软体动物体内多氯联苯的污染水平,并进一步探讨了其潜在来源以及生态风险。结果显示,样品中PCBs的总含量水平为18.0~95.9 ng/g干重,平均含量为51.9 ng/g干重,与世界其他海域相比处于中等污染水平。组分分析表明,五氯联苯和二氯联苯为主要组成。PCBs的健康风险HR值均远低于1,表明日常食用不会对人体健康产生明显危害。     

南海土台风强度变化特征分析

南海土台风,是在南海局地形成的热带气旋的统称。本文选用1949—2014年CMA-STI 整编的“热带气旋最佳路径数据集”,对研究区域范围(5°～22.5°N、105°～120.5°E)的南海土台风强度及强度变化特征进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)南海土台风强度随时间的变化曲线呈近似对称的“漏斗状”,即强度从弱—强—弱的变化,在最大强度前后6 h时域内强度变化最显著,夏季台风强度变化比冬季快。(2)土台风强度存在1个增强中心,位于海南岛以东的南海北部近海区域,在中国华南沿岸陆区则减弱明显;台风增强/减弱区域随着季节变化而南北移动,夏季主要在北部近海/近岸区域18°~23°N附近,冬季随台风活动南移至10~18°N附近靠近西部近海/近岸区域,且冬季的平均减弱速率较夏季大。(3)东向移动的土台风最大强度一般比西向移动的强,其中夏季东移台风平均强度最大,冬季西移台风强度最小;夏季东移台风最大强度前后强度变化最快,冬季西移台风变化最慢;夏季西移台风强度分布呈北强南弱、东移台风强度呈东北向带状分布,冬季东、西移台风强度分布皆呈西强东弱,这种空间分布差异,主要是台风移动路径随季节变化而形成的。(4)海上活动时间的长短与台风最大强度的大小、变化幅度成正比。海上活动时间较短的台风,以西行路径为主,强度的分布较均匀,平均强度较弱,增强/减弱中心较多而小,增强/减弱速率较慢;反之,海上活动时间较长的台风,以东行路径居多,强度的分布呈多中心状,平均强度较强,增强/减弱中心较集中且广阔,增强/减弱速率较快。     

海岸破波带内悬沙空间分布试验研究和解析表达式

关于海岸破波带内悬沙浓度水平和垂向分布的研究对于计算海岸输沙率和地形演变具有重要意义。本研究进行了规则波、波群和不规则波三种波浪情况破波带内悬沙浓度的水平和垂向分布的试验测量。试验在大尺度波浪水槽进行,接近实际海岸波况尺度。给出了破波带内多断面悬沙垂向分布的细致测量结果,并以此为基础给出了预报实际海岸破波带内悬沙浓度水平和垂向分布解析表达式,讨论了形成这些分布的物理原因和不同波况、不同破波带区域对分布的影响。     

椭圆度-凹坑双缺陷海底管道局部屈曲特性研究

海底管道在制造、埋设以及使用过程中极易产生椭圆度-凹坑双缺陷,双缺陷影响管道局部屈曲,对含椭圆度-凹坑双缺陷海底管道的局部屈曲特性研究十分必要。现行规范中采用等效椭圆度对含椭圆度-凹坑海底管道进行评估,该方法无法准确评估不同缺陷形式的屈曲特性。采用形状系数对含椭圆度-凹坑双缺陷的海底管道进行评估,运用有限元软件ABAQUS进行数值模拟,并进行试验验证。在此基础上对含有不同凹坑深度、不同椭圆度的海底管道进行局部屈曲的数值模拟,计算不同形状椭圆度、含有不同凹坑深度海底管道的形状系数,对其进行敏感性分析。计算结果表明:形状系数对海底管道椭圆度、凹坑深度、径厚比敏感性较强;对凹坑宽度敏感性较弱。     

Galileo广播星历评估及其对定位精度的影响

分析现阶段伽利略空间信号的精度,并评估伽利略广播星历及其对单点定位的影响。统计30 d健康卫星广播星历,结果表明,FOC和IOV两种类型的广播星历卫星轨道误差优于0.8 m,并且径向误差最小,法向误差次之,切向误差最大;伽利略卫星的钟差误差精度达到1.0 ns;从空间信号测距误差对伽利略卫星进行整体分析,广播星历精度优于1.0 m,FOC与IOV卫星精度相当;用广播星历进行事后单点定位的精度可以达到dm级。     

登封群的定年及其划分问题的探讨

对登封群人们先后采用过K—Ar、Rb-Sr、U—Pb、单颗粒锆石Pb-Pb、Sm—Nd等多种同位素定年方法。由于不同方法得到的结果差别很大,直接影响了对登封群的认识,因而对登封群出现了多种划分方案。本文综合分析后认为,登封群花岗-绿岩地体形成于新太古宙末期(2500～2600Ma),难以划分出元古代的地层单元。另外,对已有的同位素测年成果使用上要结合样品的地质、地球化学特征进行具体分析,才能得出合理的解释。     

现代黄河三角洲沉积层压实下沉的计算分析

1855年以来形成的厚度为15 m的现代黄河三角洲分流叶瓣在遭废弃后的最近30 a内的沉积压实幅度为2.28～3.87 m,年平均压实量达0.1 m,其中黏土质粉砂被压实了25.8%,粉砂沉积地层被压实了15.2%,黏土质粉砂的沉积压实量是粉砂沉积压实量的1.7倍,在此期间基本上完成了三角洲压实下沉过程。下伏沉积地层的压缩量有限,不同沉积年代的沉积压实下沉量相差小,如厚度为20～30 m的沉积压实量仅有0.2～0.28 m,其中黏土质粉砂被压实了0.91%,粉砂被压实了1.19%,沉积地层平均被压实了1%。无论是黏土质粉砂还是粉砂,孔隙度与沉积地层深度呈负指数函数关系,黏粒含量愈高,孔隙水则愈难以排出,覆盖在下伏沉积地层上面的表层沉积物对压实下沉贡献愈大。     

The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) at the quasi-quadrennial (QQ) timescale.It is found that the cold tongue index (CTI) and the AAO index (AAOI) are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month lag-time.To further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies from 1951 to 2002.The results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 (GTW1) propagating eastward.With the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern mid-latitudes.Accordingly,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean sector.Following the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed progressively.As a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and AAOI.It can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ timescale.It is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern Pacific.On the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982-1983 ENSO event.