Climate–growth relationship stability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea crassifolia</Emphasis> on an elevation gradient,Qilian Mountain,Northwest China

Climate affects Picea crassifolia growth and climate change will lead to changes in the climate–growth relationship (i.e., the “divergence” phenomenon). However, standardization methods can also change the understanding of such a relationship. We tested the stability of this relationship by considering several variables: 1) two periods (1952–1980 and 1981–2009), 2) three elevations (2700, 3000, and 3300 m), and 3) chronologies detrended using cubic splines with two different flexibilities. With increasing elevation, the climatic factor limiting the radial growth of Picea crassifolia shifted from precipitation to temperature. At the elevation of 2700 m, the relationship between radial growth and mean temperature of the previous December changed so that the more flexible spline had a greater precipitation signal. At the elevation of 3000 m, positive correlation of radial growth with mean temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year became more significant. At the elevation of 3300 m, positive correlation between radial growth and precipitation of the current summer and the previous spring and autumn was no longer significant, whereas the positive correlation between radial growth and temperature of the current spring and summer strengthened. The detrending with the most flexible spline enhanced the precipitation signal at 2700 m, while that with the least flexible spline enhanced the temperature signal at 3300 m. All results indicated that the divergence phenomenon was affected by the climatic signals in the chronologies and that it was most dependent on the detrending method. This suggests it is necessary to select a suitable spline bootstrap for studies of growth divergence phenomena.     

青海省祁连县大拉洞柏杨沟矿区煤岩层对比研究

通过研究太原组的沉积特征及聚煤变化规律,采用了标志层、煤岩层组合特征、层间距、测井曲线形态等方法,对矿区内煤层、岩层进行了综合对比。确定了该区主要煤层的赋存层位、形态、分布及变化特征,对周边地区找煤工作具有一定的指导作用。     

中国人口城镇化质量评价及省际差异分析

新型城镇化是中国的重要国策,对人的城镇(市)化的科学评价是正确认识城镇化和制定相关政策的重要基础.目前城--乡二元分析框架下的以城镇化率和城镇(或区域)城镇化质量为主的评价方法,难以反映城镇化过程中社会结构的变化,同时乡村人口的城镇化发展也被忽略.本文提出人口城镇化质量的概念,建立了衡量人口城镇化质量的指标体系.对1995,2000,2005,2010和2012年全国及各省市的城镇人口,乡村人口及总人口的城镇化质量进行了分析.研究发现:① 尽管城镇人口的城镇化速度显著快于乡村人口,但城镇化并非城镇人口独有的社会过程.② 城乡两类人口的城镇化质量在省域尺度上正逐步形成差异明显的空间格局.③ 北京,上海,浙江等少数省市乡村人口的城镇化质量已经超越部分内地省市城镇人口的城镇化质量.建议更新对城镇化的认识和评价标准,探索在城镇化发达的地区调整城--乡二元体制的新途径,促进中国城镇化的健康发展.     

内蒙古中部红格尔图地区花岗岩的成因及构造背景——LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学的制约

内蒙古察右后旗红格尔图花岗岩岩体位于索伦缝合带以南,主要为正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,富硅(70.44%~78.80%),富碱(7.46%~10.74%),贫镁、铁、钛等,A/CNK值在0.95~1.41之间,碱铝指数AKI值在0.68~0.97之间,碱度率AR值在3.30~6.68之间,为弱过铝质-过铝质类碱性系列花岗岩;稀土元素总量变化范围大,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,Eu呈负异常(δEu=0.03~0.89);富集高场强元素Th、U、Hf、Ta、Y等,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba、Eu等;高场强元素和值((Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)350×10~(-6))明显偏低,该岩体属于高分异I型花岗岩,形成于后造山(后碰撞)伸展构造环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石同位素测年,获得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为267.2±1.4Ma、269.2±1.6Ma和272.1±1.2Ma,表明该岩体形成于中二叠世,因此研究区内两大板块碰撞缝合的时间应该至少早于该岩体的形成时代,即应该至少早于267.2~272.1Ma。     

Effectiveness of vegetative filter strips in abating fecal coliform based on modified soil and water assessment tool

Pathogenic bacteria are a serious public health concern. Exposure to these microorganisms can result in illnesses or even death. Therefore, it is important to control pathogenic bacteria sources, transport mechanisms and fate. Best management practices proved to be very effective in the control of non-point source pollution. In this study, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was modified and used to simulate the fecal coliform in Chao River of Miyun Reservoir watershed, China. The model was then used to explore the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in reducing fecal coliform abundance throughout the watershed. The water temperature equation within the SWAT was modified to align the model more closely with the characteristics of the study area and generate a more accurate simulation. The DAFS_ratio (20, 50, 80, 120 and 150) and DF_con (0.25, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.75) parameters were considered for VFS to see their effects on removal efficiency. The results show that calibration and validation results for fecal coliform and flow can be accepted. Different values for DAFS_ratio and DF_con have great influence on VFS. Increasing values resulted in a decrease in the removal efficiency of VFS.     

吉林红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地球化学特征及其岩石成因意义

红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床位于兴-蒙造山带东部。矿区出露30多个镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体,主要由橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉(苏)长岩组成。本文通过对红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的主、微量及铂族元素(PGE)的研究,探讨了红旗岭岩体成矿母岩浆性质、PGE亏损的原因以及岩体形成的构造环境。全岩主、微量元素地球化学分析表明,红旗岭岩体具有高MgO(平均28.75%)、低TiO2(平均0.44%),富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),极低ΣPGE(平均2.08×10~(-9))和高Cu/Pd(平均2916×10~3)的特征。岩石样品显示相似的微量和PGE配分模式,表明其来源于相同的岩浆源区。根据橄榄石-熔体平衡及质量平衡原理估算出红旗岭母岩浆为高镁玄武质岩浆(MgO=10.74%、FeO=7.78%)。红旗岭母岩浆在早期演化过程中发生硫化物熔离作用导致了红旗岭含矿岩体PGE的极度亏损。结合中亚造山带东段构造演化历史,本文认为红旗岭岩体形成于晚三叠世碰撞后伸展环境,矿床的形成受到了古亚洲洋俯冲结束后板片断离的影响。     

Club convergence and spatial distribution dynamics of carbon intensity in China’s construction industry

Climate change caused by carbon emissions continuously threatens sustainable development. Due to China’s immense territory, there are remarkable regional differences in carbon emissions. The construction industry, which has strong internal industrial differences, further leads to carbon emission disparity in China. Policymakers should consider spatial effects and attempt to eliminate carbon emission inequality to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry and realize emission reduction targets. Based on the classic Markov chain and spatial Markov chain, this paper investigates the club convergence and spatial distribution dynamics of China’s carbon intensity in the construction industry from 2005 to 2014. The results show that the provincial carbon intensity in the construction industry is characterized by “convergence clubs” during the research period, and very low-level and very high-level convergence clubs have strong stability. Moreover, the carbon intensity class transitions of provinces tend to be consistent with that of their neighbors. Furthermore, the transition of carbon intensity types is highly influenced by their regional backgrounds. The provinces with high carbon emissions have a negative influence on their neighbors, whereas the provinces with low carbon emissions have a positive influence. These analyses provide a spatial interpretation to the “club convergence” of carbon intensity.     

南岭东部定南大湖沉积物粒度敏感组分及末次冰消期环境记录

为进一步探究定南大湖湖沼晚冰期以来的水文特征及气候变化,对研究区K02钻孔的粒度特征进行了详细的分析,采用粒级-标准偏差法和主成分分析法对348个沉积样品提取了对环境变化比较敏感的三个粒级组分:0.6~7.1 μm（组分1）,20~44.8 μm（组分2）和89.3~447.7 μm（组分3）。结合湖泊沉积物粒度一般分布规律,并根据敏感组分2和14C测年数据探讨了该区域近16 ka B.P.以来的气候变化。结果表明在过去的16 000年里,大湖地区的水文及气候变化可以分为4个阶段:1）在16.0~11.5 ka B.P.期间,气候总体偏冷干,敏感组分含量增降比较明显,能较好的对应老、中、新仙女木事件和B/A暖期;2）11.5~6.0 ka B.P.期间,大湖地区进入了湿润的全新世适宜期,敏感组分总体含量偏低;3）6.0~3.8 ka B.P.期间,敏感粒度组分含量迅速升高且波动较大,大湖湖沼地区进入一个相对干冷的时期;4）3.8 ka B.P.至今为第四阶段,敏感粒度组分含量总体偏低,考虑到人为干扰因素,暂不做详细讨论。通过对大湖地区水文状况的研究发现,大湖湖沼地区自晚冰期以来气候变化很不稳定。与格陵兰GISP 2冰芯、董哥洞D4石笋及其K02钻孔其他指标的记录对比可以发现,敏感组分2对仙女木、9.5 ka、8.2 ka等冷事件的记录更加明显,也说明了大湖地区的气候变化具有全球性,这种气候变化可能与太阳活动有关。