基于灰色-最小二乘法的无人机交叉定标方法

无人机交叉定标中,时间匹配、空间匹配、观测几何、光谱匹配以及观测设备都会对数据点对的质量产生影响,从而降低传统最小二乘法计算定标系数的有效性.将灰色模型引入无人机交叉定标研究中,利用灰色模型的任意非线性函数逼近能力对数据点对中各辐射基准值的不确定度进行分析,同时将灰色模型与传统最小二乘法相结合确定定标系数的权重.基于无人机多光谱影像和高分4号卫星影像开展试验,结果表明,所提方法的定标结果相对于传统最小二乘法更优,并且具备更强的噪声鲁棒性.     

兰坪县张家大箐滑坡特征分析及稳定性评价

张家大箐滑坡位于中排乡集镇滑坡群北侧,滑坡变形情况复杂,通过现场调查、工程地质测绘、钻探、槽探及室内试验等多种方法结合,分析张家大箐滑坡变形特征、平面形态、空间结构特征等,认为滑坡具有多级滑面,多级剪出口,提出分级支挡的治理建议,为集镇滑坡群的治理提供参考.     

琼东南盆地陵南低凸起深水钻井岩心的稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义

A geochemical analysis of rare-earth elements(REEs) in 97 samples collected from the core of deep-water Well LS-A located at the Lingnan Low Uplift Area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is conducted, with the purpose of revealing the changes of sedimentary source and environment in the study region since Oligocene and evaluating the response of geochemical characteristics of REEs to the tectonic evolution. In the core samples, both ∑REE and ∑LREE(LREE is short for light-group REEs) fluctuate in a relatively wide range, while ∑HREE(HREE is short for heavy-group REEs) maintains a relatively stable level. With the stratigraphic chronology becoming newer, both ∑REE and ∑LREE show a gradually rising trend overall. The ∑REE of the core is relatively high from the bottom of Yacheng Formation(at a well depth of 4 207 m) to the top of Ledong Formation, and the REEs show partitioning characteristics of the enrichment of LREE, the stable content of HREE, and the negative anomaly of Eu to varying degrees. Overall the geochemical characteristics of REEs are relatively approximate to those of China's neritic sediments and loess, with significant "continental orientation". The ∑REE of the core is relatively low in the lower part of Yacheng Formation(at a well depth of 4 207–4 330 m), as shown by the REEs partitioning characteristics of the depletion of LREE, the relative enrichment of HREE, and the positive anomaly of Eu; the geochemical characteristics of REEs are approximate to those of oceanic crust and basalt overall, indicating that the provenance is primarily composed of volcanic eruption matters. As shown by the analyses based on sequence stratigraphy and mineralogy, the provenance in study region in the early Oligocene mainly resulted from the volcanic materials of the peripheral uplift areas; the continental margin materials from the north contributed only insignificantly; the provenance developed to a certain extent in the late Oligocene. Since the Miocene, the provenance has ceaselessly expanded from proximal to distal realm, embodying a characteristic of multi-source sedimentation. In the core strata with 31.5, 28.4, 25.5, 23, and 16 Ma from today, the geochemical parameters of REEs and Th/Sc ratio have significant saltation, embodying the tectonic movement events in the evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin. In the tectonic evolution history of the South China Sea, the South China Sea Movement(34–25 Ma BP, early expansion of the South China Sea), Baiyun Movement(23 Ma BP), late expansion movement(23.5–16.5 Ma BP), expansion-settlement transition, and other important events are all clearly recorded by the geochemical characteristics of REEs in the core.     

基于感知概率的室内定位算法

基于WLAN的室内定位技术对高性能算法的需求与日俱增,K近邻算法和最大似然概率算法是基于Wi-Fi位置指纹室内定位技术的两种常用算法。给出感知概率的定义,在感知概率基础上定义了感知欧氏距离和感知似然概率,并提出基于感知欧氏距离的确定型修正算法和基于感知似然概率的概率型修正算法。实验结果表明：基于感知概率的修正算法较原算法在相对复杂的室内环境中有更高的定位精度。     

脆弱性视角的矿业城市人地耦合系统的耦合度评价——以阜新市为例

基于脆弱性与耦合度之间的内在联系——低耦合度意味着高脆弱性和不协调性,没有或低脆弱性则意味着高耦合度和协调度,从脆弱性的视角剖析矿业城市人地耦合系统的内部诸要素及其结构特征。通过构建脆弱性评价指标,借助物理学中的容量模型,选取中国第一个资源枯竭经济转型试点城市——阜新市为样本城市,进行矿业城市人地耦合系统的时序动态耦合度评价。评价结果表明:(1)从各子系统的序参量来看,系统内部结构整体上呈现出一种向协调、可持续发展方向演变的趋势,且有着明显的阶段性,大体可分为4个阶段,同时也体现了一种经济主宰社会、生态环境发展的内在关联;(2)从各子系统间的耦合度来看,整体呈现出明显的上升趋势,并由前期拮抗、低水平的耦合阶段向磨合、高水平耦合阶段转变,但整体水平偏低,在耦合时序变化中表现出明显的阶段性,与子系统的序参量变化阶段基本一致。     

基于Skyline的城市三维管道自动生成技术

围绕城市地下三维管道的自动生成技术进行了分析与探讨,针对传统管道建模方法中所存在的不足之处,提出了一种基于Skyline的三维管道动态批量生成方法。其主要思想是：通过自动计算二维管线的三维管道建模参数,配合其属性参数的模板化机制,就能实现大规模三维场景中管道模型的快速创建。实践应用表明,该方法较传统建模方法更为快速和实用。     

海底滑坡块体运动研究综述

海底滑坡是一种极具破坏力的海底地质灾害。其一旦发生,破坏后的块体可以高速运移至数十千米甚至上百千米远,能够对影响区域内的海洋油气生产平台、海底管道、海底电缆等海洋工程设施造成破坏性影响。本研究根据国内外海底滑坡研究领域的最新成果,简要介绍分析与海底斜坡失稳后块体运动有关的调查方法、数值模拟以及物理实验等研究的现状与进展,以期为我国今后海底滑坡地质灾害评价与防治研究提供参考。     

中国城市空间扩展的非协调性研究

针对中国人多地少, 且处于城镇化快速发展阶段的客观现实, 以及城市空间扩展研究中存在的一系列问题, 比如相对缺乏合理性评价, 存在重实证轻理论, 重个案缺规律, 重特大、发达城市轻一般城市的不足, 本文从城市空间扩展非协调性的基础理论问题着手, 构建非协调性评价体系, 并以2009 年中国246 个地级市为研究单元, 对其扩展规律进行总结;然后从微观层面的行为主体博弈、要素流集聚扩散及制度安排反馈视角讨论了其内在机理;最后从可持续发展视角提出对策建议。结果表明:中国城市空间扩展效率低下, 表现在区际功能匹配性差, 城市化质量整体水平不高:内在“人口-经济-空间”城市化耦合协调度低, 用地增长弹性系数全国平均值为1.192, 其中大于1 的城市占26.42%, 土地资源浪费严重;空间分布呈现出由东往西依次递减的地理格局;城市的功能地位与铁路干线对其影响大, 呈现出地级市以上城市>地级市, 铁路干线城市>非铁路干线城市;通过机理分析揭示出, “产权区域”视角下的地方政府, 出于实现自身行为目标函数(政府绩效和地方财政可支配收入)最大化的考虑, 而在制度安排的框架下, 通过对要素流的做功而传导出来的制度反馈效应:现有制度安排强化了地方政府的“扩散冲动”;在政策建议部分, 基于地方政府的行为目标函数提出修改完善现有制度的建议。     

Non-coordination in China＇s Urbanization： Assessment and Affecting Factors

Urbanization is a comprehensive concept, a trinity process that population urbanization, economic urbanization and space urbanization, is based on the interactions and mutual influences among the in which, people are the central and leading players in this process, while economic activities serve as the driving force and space is the carrier-the physical or material setting as well as the product. So the coordination among these processes is crucial for a country or region＇s sustainable development. China is experiencing rapid growth of cities and a surge in urban population, with the basic national condition of many people and little land, which calls for a systematic study of the issue of coordinated urbanization from theoretical, methodological and practical perspectives. Based on the concept of urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, this article built a quantitative method to identify and evaluate the urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, and made an empirical analysis in China between 2000 and 2008. The results show that the non-coordination overall level of China＇s urbanization declined during the study period, because population urbanization, economic urbanization, and space urbanization exhibited different trajectories of change. This study also reveals that performance assessment system, household registration system, and urban land expropriation system, etc., are the main affecting factors. At the end, we put forward some suggestions to achieve sustainable development of China＇s urbanization from the aspects of improving the local government＇s obiective function, imolementing the urban plalming svstem, enforcing public particination asnects and so on.     

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震烈度调查研究

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震作为一个中强地震,其造成的损失和极震区面积之大确实罕见,为一典型的小震大灾现象。本文利用大量现场第一手资料,并从场地条件、地形地貌与地震烈度分布特征之间的关系进行分析,为这次等震线的划分提供了科学合理的依据。