一次区域暴雪过程中的等熵位涡分析

利用等熵位涡理论对2006年1月18~19日河南省大范围暴雪过程进行了天气动力诊断分析,结果发现:低纬低层偏南气流沿熵面向北输送的高位涡与强降雪落区和时间有很好的对应关系,并具有预报指示意义;高纬高层的高位涡穿越等压线形成强下沉气流向南输送,低纬中低层西南暖湿气流引起的高等熵位涡沿等熵面爬升,两者在我省长时间交汇,是强降雪带持续的重要原因。     

一次海风锋触发的强对流天气分析

利用自动气象站、多普勒天气雷达等各种观测资料,分析了2009年6月5日江苏出现的罕见大范围强对流天气,同时利用WRFV3模式对这次海风锋的发生、发展过程进行了模拟。结果表明,由于地面加热不均和海陆温湿差异导致的变形场锋生所形成的海风锋,是造成这次强对流天气过程的主要中尺度激发和强化系统。对流云团进入锋区后在切变线的辐合作用下发展,并随平均风向向前传播。海风锋在雷暴高压下沉出流的推动下,移动路径偏离主回波,在移动过程中其后部不仅激发出对流单体,还组织新的MCS发展。海风锋起到了加强和触发强对流天气的作用,对流单体进入海风锋后发展剧烈,垂直速度和低层辐合明显加大。另外,在有利的温湿条件下,雷暴高压的出流能加强海风锋的上升气流。     

从河西走廊的气候条件探讨发展棉花的前途

本文首先概述了河西走廊的气候特征,然后从气候条件出发讨论了走廊地区发展棉花的可能性,指出走廊地区日光资源丰富,夏季棉花生長季节內雨量稀少,天气比较稳定,这些均为黄河、长江流域棉区所不及.缺陷是生长期较短,春秋季节天气多变,春季温度上升迅速,秋季温度下降也较快,且某些地区温度过低,不易滿足棉花的生理要求.补救的办法是可以根据不同的情况,分別采取从播种期、播种技术上提早植株成熟以及其他复盖措施等来防止霜冻;促进幼苗的生长发育或采用早熟品种以充分利用盛夏的高温来适应较短的生长期;应用沙盖棉这一特殊植棉技术来补偿气温条件的不足等等。本文对走廊各地作了比较仔細的比较分析,分別指出了它们的有利与不利条件以及补救措施等等,因此估计能对农业生产与农业区划有所贡献。     

基于离散灾情信息的地震烈度分布快速判定方法研究*

根据历次破坏性地震实际灾情反馈特点的分析总结,结合地震灾害的演变机理和分布特点,本文尝试利用3种基于离散灾情信息点推漫灾情分布面的方法在不同灾情获取阶段快速判定地震烈度分布。从计算原理、数据基础、方法特点和判定结果看,三种方法具有不同的应用场景。泰森多边形判定法简单、易行,可用于震后初期灾情量较少时使用,判定结果较粗糙,必须再结合震源特性、破裂过程以及地形地貌条件等对震害分布的影响进行综合判定后才能得出相对合理的震害分布预判结果;克里金插值判定法是一种基于地理统计方法的空间插值方法,对数据分布有明确要求,其判定结果对灾区范围整体把握较好,可用于已经获取一定量灾情信息但灾区情况尚未明朗时使用,其插值结果再结合地震破裂过程以及震后余震分布信息综合调整后,可作为灾害评估修正和应急决策参考;标准差距离椭圆拟合方法是基于地震烈度分布呈椭圆形的假设提出的,对数据的敏感度较高,可用于对可信度较高的或由专业途径上报的灾情信息进行拟合,其结果可作为现场灾害调查和确定最终烈度分布的参考。     

九寨沟黄龙地区钙华漏斗的特征与成因探讨

九寨沟黄龙地区广泛发育着钙华滩流、湖泊、瀑布、洞穴与漏斗。本文对钙华漏斗进行了特征描述和成因分析,并将其与钙华池、盆特征进行了对比,进而得出钙华漏斗导致九寨沟地区景观水量减少的结论,并提出解决这一重要问题的办法是工程堵漏。本文对九寨沟黄龙地区景观的开发利用和环境保护具有重要的参考价值。     

Partial Melting of Spinel Lherzolite in the System CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 {+/-} K2O at 1{middle dot}1 GPa

The compositions of multiply saturated partial melts are valuablefor the thermodynamic information that they contain, but aredifficult to determine experimentally because they exist onlyover a narrow temperature range at a given pressure. Here wetry a new approach for determining the composition of the partialmelt in equilibrium with olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxeneand spinel (Ol + Opx + Cpx + Sp + Melt) in the system CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂(CMAS) at 1·1 GPa: various amounts of K₂O are added tothe system, and the resulting melt compositions and temperatureare extrapolated to zero K₂O. The ‘sandwich’ experimentalmethod was used to minimize problems caused by quench modification,and Opx and Cpx were previously synthesized at conditions nearthose of the melting experiments to ensure they had appropriatecompositions. Results were then checked by reversal crystallizationexperiments. The results are in good agreement with previouswork, and establish the anhydrous solidus in CMAS to be at 1320± 10°C at 1·1 GPa. The effect of K₂O is todepress the solidus by 5·8°C/wt %, while the meltcomposition becomes increasingly enriched in SiO₂, being quartz-normativeabove 4 wt % K₂O. Compared with Na₂O, K₂O has a stronger effectin depressing the solidus and modifying melt compositions. Theisobaric invariant point in the system CMAS–K₂O at whichOl + Opx + Cpx + Sp + Melt is joined by sanidine (San) is at1240 ± 10°C. During the course of the study severalother isobaric invariant points were identified and their crystaland melt compositions determined in unreversed experiments:Opx + Cpx + Sp + An + Melt in the system CMAS at 1315 ±10°C; in CMAS–K₂O, Opx + Cpx + Sp + An + San + Meltat 1230 ± 10°C and Opx + Sp + An + San + Sapph +Melt at 1230 ± 10°C, where An is anorthite and Sapphis sapphirine. Coexisting San plus An in three experiments helpdefine the An–San solvus at 1230–1250°C. KEY WORDS: feldspar solvus; igneous sapphirine; mantle solidus; partial melting; systems CMAS and CMAS–K₂O     

长断面高密度电阻率数据处理解释

为了提高同一测线多个相邻断面的高密度电阻率数据处理解释的效率,这里通过将多个相邻的数据断面进行数据拼接、二维插值及反演处理,最终输出整个断面的电阻率二维反演数据文件,并采用Surfer软件绘图,使得数据分析和解释方便快捷,工作效率大大提高。通过对实测数据进行处理,验证了编制的处理软件可以在实际中推广使用。     

江西丹霞地貌演化阶段与分布及其构造控制探讨

晚白垩世至古近纪期间,江西省内沿区域性断裂构造发育30余个断陷盆地,沉积了巨厚的红色陆相碎屑岩,为丹霞地貌的形成提供了物质基础。已发现的228处丹霞地貌点主要分布于江西东部武夷山北麓和西麓的红层盆地内。利用面积—高程积分法,对江西省9个盆地的丹霞地貌演化阶段进行了定量分析,结果表明省内丹霞地貌景区的面积—高程HI为0.17~0.52,平均为0.38,即其演化阶段处于壮年晚期至老年早期,在空间分布上具有由南向北,由壮年期转为老年期的趋势。该趋势可能与武夷山的构造隆升有关。构造分析显示,节理与武夷山的隆升对江西丹霞地貌演化起控制作用,具体表现为：① 龙虎山、九仙湖、仙岩、蛤蟆坞、赭亭山、龟峰等地发育的崖壁、一线天、巷谷、石墙、石寨、峰丛、峰林等丹霞典型景观均与节理有关。② 流水侵蚀等外营力的作用对丹霞地貌的剥露、削平起重要作用,统计表明距离武夷山越近,丹霞地貌山峰越密集、崖壁越陡峻,指示武夷山的隆升与丹霞地貌的发育有直接关系。总体来看,江西省内的红层为丹霞地貌的发育提供了物质基础,武夷山的隆升控制了丹霞地貌的分布。值得注意的是,丹霞地貌区的节理构造是否与武夷山的隆升存在直接因果关系还需进一步研究。     

华南地区某地表层土壤重金属污染农田情况研究

<正>研究区农田表层土壤重金属污染主要来源于其上游20世纪50年代开采的铅锌矿,该矿于1958年在采矿坑口附近建立了小型浮选厂进行选矿生产,由于在生产期间未对废水进行有效处理,并且由于强降雨造成尾矿砂坝坍塌,致使携带Pb、Cd、As等重金属的尾矿渣和废水流入下游河流,致使研究区农田表层土壤大面积受到污染（李强,2014,     

Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Pore Structure on Resistivity,Formation Factor and Cementation Index in Tight Sandstone

Tight sandstone,with severe diagenesis and complex pore structure,differs greatly from conventional sandstone in terms of rock electrical parameters.In subsurface rock electrical experiments,various electrical parameters are confounded and can only be analyzed qualitatively.The lack of quantitative analysis for each individual electrical parameter presents a challenge for the evaluation of oil and gas saturation in tight sandstone.Based on the 2D pore-throat model and the features of pore structure in the tight sandstone of the Penglaizhen and Shaximiao Formations in the upper and middle Jurassic of the Western Sichuan Depression,this paper presents 3D micro pore-throat models for three types of tight sandstone.It proposes a finite element-based rock electrical simulation method to analyze the influence of pore structure parameters,such as throat radius and throat tortuosity,on electrical parameters such as resistivity,formation factor,and cementation index quantitatively.The research revealed the following results:(1)Throats of tight sandstone usually have lamellar or curved lamellar shapes that are slender and narrow.The lamellar throat used in the proposed porethroat model is more consistent with the features of tight sandstone than the tubular throat used in the original model.(2)The throat determines the conductivity of tight sandstone.The throat parallel to the electric potential has the greatest influence on conductivity,and the throat perpendicular to the potential has the least influence.(3)In tight sandstone grades I to III,as the porosity decreases,the formation factor increases and the cementation index decreases.(4)The results of the rock electrical simulation are consistent with the results of the rock electrical experiment,which indicates that the proposed rock electrical simulation method of tight sandstone is effective and accurate.