Evaluation on tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites —Case of Kanas nature reserve of Xinjiang, China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices’ weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671057), Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-355)     

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取土器几何尺寸对饱和软黏土样结构的扰动研究

基于颗粒流软件模拟,以吹填淤泥为例,分析了取土器的内径、切角、壁厚等尺寸参数对高黏性软土微观动力学特性的影响;通过分层方法,比较了7组土样层间颗粒特征拐点的运动行为。模拟结果表明:土样的颗粒在底部形成对流位移场,对流处上方颗粒主要受拉膨胀,对流处下方颗粒主要受压收缩,由此造成孔隙率的规律变化和层理的弯曲变形。7组参数对应土样的孔隙率曲线与初始孔隙率曲线的交点同颗粒位移场的对流位置存在协同关系。土样层理表现为向下弯曲变形,层间颗粒位移行为存在特征拐点,拐点之间颗粒扰动行为不明显;反之,颗粒扰动行为较大,这种变形特征可拟合为下开口的旋转抛物面,且曲面方程的曲面形状拟合系数a值能初步评估7组土样的扰动程度。层间特征拐点的连线可再拟合为旋转抛物面,抛物面体积与土样体积的比值可用来评估土样的原状性。     

Visualization and analysis of local and distant population flows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using crowd-sourced data

Human migration between cities is one important aspect of spatial interaction that not only reflects urban attractiveness but also denotes interactions amongst agglomerations.We therefore implemented a web-based visualization system to analyze and interactively explore local and distant population flow patterns between cities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).We utilized 2017 Tencent population flow data from which we initially constructed inbound and outbound vectors for cities on the QTP.We then used multidimensional scaling to examine and visualize migration patterns and similarities between cities.Results reveal the presence of six local and three distant human mobility patterns on the QTP as well as aver-age summer monthly migrations more than twice the level of those in the winter.     

大兴安岭北段三根河林场新民组流纹岩锆石U－Pb定年及地球化学特征

三根河林场新民组火山岩主要由流纹岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩组成,U－Pb定年结果表明流纹岩形成于165.71±0.83 Ma的中侏罗世.岩石地球化学分析结果显示,SiO2含量71.05%~76.77%,Na2O+K2O含量6.66%~8.49%,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）1.02~1.17,相对富硅、碱、过铝质,稀土元素总量中等,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有较强的Eu负异常（δEu=0.39~0.66）和Dy负异常,大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr相对亏损,高场强元素Th、U相对富集,Nb、Dy、Ti相对亏损,岩石具有A型流纹岩的特征.岩石地球化学研究表明,岩浆来源于地壳物质的部分熔融作用.空间上,新民组沿大兴安岭火山岩带中北段均有分布,显示大兴安岭火山岩带于中侏罗世处于张性构造环境.     

河床透-阻型岩溶塌陷形成机理

由岩溶引发的地面塌陷具有灾害性大,隐蔽性高等特点,为了对其进行有效预报及治理,以某岩溶塌陷强烈发育地区为研究对象,提出采用等值反磁通瞬变电磁法（Opposing Coils Transient Electromagnetics Method,OCTEM）与工程地质钻探相结合的方法,对地层界面进行地球物理方法探测,由覆盖层埋深、电阻率大小、等值线变化等因素确定地层产状,并通过物探反演图及钻孔信息进行验证。结果表明,在岩溶塌陷强烈发育地段,等值反磁通瞬变电磁法可以有效查明地下溶蚀发育情况,在周围环境因素干扰强等常规物探方法无法开展的情况下,可以达到较好的应用效果。等值反磁通瞬变电磁法在岩溶、地面塌陷等地质灾害发育地区提供了有效的预测,为相似情况下的研究分析工作提供理论及实践基础。     

内蒙古索伦山蛇绿岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为加深对中亚造山带东段晚古生代构造背景的认识,选取内蒙古索伦山蛇绿岩中较新鲜的玄武岩和辉长岩开展岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。结果表明,玄武岩和辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄分别为(276.4±1.4) Ma和(273.9±3.3) Ma,形成于早二叠世。二者均为亚碱性拉斑系列,Mg^#分别变化于41～50和62～65之间,均低于幔源原生岩浆值;主量元素与SiO₂含量之间具有一定的线性关系,反映岩浆演化过程中分离结晶占主要地位。两种岩石的Th/La、Th/Ce和Lu/Yb值均低于大陆地壳的平均值,而与幔源岩浆的比值接近,推测岩浆演化过程中地壳混染的影响不大。稀土元素组成上,玄武岩表现为轻稀土亏损的N-MORB特征,可能起源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩亏损地幔的5%～10%部分熔融;辉长岩具有轻稀土略亏损、整体平坦的稀土特征,但稀土元素总量明显比N-MORB更亏损,是源区熔融程度更大所致。此外,二者都富集K、Sr、Ba和Pb等大离子亲石元素而亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,具有岛弧岩浆特征,指示它们遭受了俯冲板片含水流体或者俯冲沉积物熔体的影响...     

内蒙古别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床锆石U-Pb年龄和S、Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

为了明确内蒙古别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床的成矿年龄与矿床成因,对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的流纹岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄以及主要金属硫化物的S、Pb同位素测试。其中流纹岩的锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(271.7±1.6) Ma(MSWD=1.02),显示成矿作用发生于二叠纪。金属硫化物的S同位素分析结果显示δ³⁴S_V-CDT值分布在-0.6‰～1.0‰之间,平均为0.49‰,变化范围较窄,显示S的来源单一;Pb同位素组成比较集中,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为18.207～18.674,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.620～15.699,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.144～38.790,具有壳幔混源的特征。S、Pb同位素特征均指示成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液。结合区域地质、矿床地质、空间分带等特征以及S、Pb同位素组成可知,别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床为VHMS型矿床,形成于二叠纪...     

甘肃临泽县城区深部地热资源调查评价

临泽县位于张掖—民乐盆地西南缘,祁连山褶皱带中北部,具有较好的开发利用地热资源的前景。本文通过分析研究区区域地质构造、水文地质特征等,在已有地热井旁和重点工作区开展广域电磁法测深工作,以区域水文地质为基础,以物探勘查成果为依据,解释推断了研究区地质构造及岩体的分布特征,分析评价了研究区地热勘查前景,同时,初步构建了研究区地热勘查"地质—地球物理—地热"模型,为研究区及邻区的地热勘查提供借鉴和指导。     

湖北永兴洞降水对2015年厄尔尼诺的响应

通过对湖北永兴洞为期3年（2013年6月至2016年7月）的地表降水δ¹⁸O观测,发现该地点降水δ¹⁸O在2015夏季显著偏正。利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹方法对永兴洞降水水汽来源进行分析,结果表明在厄尔尼诺事件的影响下2015年夏季来自远源印度洋的水汽显著减少,而近源太平洋水汽相对增多,即降水δ¹⁸O因"环流效应"而偏正。本研究提供的观测证据表明永兴洞石笋δ¹⁸O记录在重建ENSO主导下的亚洲季风大气环流方面具有重要潜力。