牙鲆体表溃烂综合症病理组织观察

报道了牙鲆养殖过程中发生的体表溃烂综合症的病理组织变化。该病的病原有盾纤类纤毛虫指状拟舟虫和致病菌兔莫拉氏菌。指状拟舟虫不仅寄生于牙鲆体表皮肤、鳍 ,亦可侵入腹腔、肾脏、肌肉、心脏甚至脑。兔莫拉氏菌大量寄生于心脏血液中 ,随血液循环至各组织器官 ,引起牙鲆肝脏、肾脏及脾脏组织病变。指状拟舟虫和兔莫拉氏菌共同导致牙鲆死亡。     

海水养殖鱼类外寄生车轮虫Ⅱ.拟车轮虫属、小车轮虫属及两分虫属

依据干银法和蛋白银法染色法研究了黄渤海沿岸经济鱼类寄生的车轮虫科内3属4种纤毛虫: 球核拟车轮虫、斜拟车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫.其中球核拟车轮虫和斜拟车轮虫为我国的新记录.文中对所涉车轮虫的形态学、宿主、分布、流行情况等做了报道.     

海洋贝类的病害性纤毛虫研究Ⅲ.触毛亚目盾纤类纤毛虫

报道山东沿海贝类鳃表及外套腔中共栖的 3种触毛亚目盾纤类纤毛虫 :厚鱼钩虫(Ancistrum crassum)、日本鱼钩虫 (Ancistrum jap onicum)及亚桶形后口虫 (Boveriasubcylindrica)。文中依据活体观察、蛋白银及银浸法染色对其活体形态学、纤毛图式及银线结构进行了综合描述 ,对采自 4种不同宿主的厚鱼钩虫种群进行了比较研究。该文系后口虫属纤毛虫在我国的首次报道。     

基于积雪数据的HBV模型改进及应用

大渡河流域内站点分布较少,历史观测数据不足,给该地区的融雪径流预报带来困难。基于欧洲中期天气预报中心提供的最新一代高分辨率陆面再分析数据集ERA5-Land,将积雪覆盖率和积雪平均深度引入度日因子雪量计算公式中,对HBV模型的积融雪模块进行改进,以提升融雪径流计算的可靠性。以大渡河上游为研究对象,选取1961—2018年的水文气象资料对模型进行率定和验证,并以2019年为例进行试预报研究。结果表明,通过引入ERA5-Land再分析数据,以及对积融雪模块进行改进,发挥了其在模拟积融雪上的优势,有效提升了融雪径流预报精度,对大渡河流域具有适用性。研究成果可为稀缺资料地区融雪径流模拟预报提供经验。     

Morphological Studies on the Infraciliature of a Planktonic Ciliate, Tintinnopsis brasiliensis （ Ciliophora ： Tintinina）

A poorly-described marine planktonic ciliate, Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Kofoid ＆ Campbell, 1929, collected from the Taiping Cape of Qingdao, China, was morphologically investigated based on permanent preparation after protargol impregnation and was compared with other related congeners. According to the infraciliature, three ciliary groups can be recognized, which reveals a very stable structure among specimens and denotes that the pattern of infraciliature is, apart from the features of the lorica, a highly reliable criterion for species identification.     

风积沙对青藏铁路块碎石路基降温效果的影响

风沙危害正在威胁着青藏铁路的安全营运. 通过数值方法研究了风积沙填堵和覆盖青藏铁路块碎石路基后, 块碎石层降温机理以及降温效果的变化特征. 结果表明:开放条件下块石路基具有较强的强迫对流效应; 风积沙填堵后, 块碎石层降温效果减弱. 封闭条件下, 冷季路基坡脚处自然对流较强, 冻土上限抬升; 路基内部自然对流较弱, 由于路基填土作用, 路基中心处冻土上限抬升较大, 但随时间增长而降低; 沙层覆盖后, 块碎石层降温效果减弱, 路基下部冻土上限下降. 在气候变暖背景条件下, 封闭块碎石层自然对流减弱, 冻土上限下降, 不利于冻土路基的热稳定. 因此, 建议对沙害路段的块碎石路基采取补强措施.     

柴达木盆地昆特依地区晚更新世正构烷烃分布特征及其环境变迁

为探讨柴达木盆地晚更新世的环境变迁,同时为青藏高原隆升对气候变化的影响提供基础资料,对柴达木盆地昆特依地区ZK1404钻孔沉积物中的正构烷烃分布特征以及ASM¹⁴C测年数据进行了分析。结果显示,昆特依地区晚更新世沉积物的正构烷烃总体上呈现以高碳数为主的分布特征,多数样品以nC₂₇、nC₂₉为主峰,部分以nC₃₁为主峰,呈现出显著的奇碳优势。少数样品中低于nC₂₁的短链正构烷烃相对丰度较高,主要以nC₁₇、nC₂₀为主峰碳数,无明显的奇偶优势。根据正构烷烃分布特征、AMS¹⁴C测年数据、区域地质调查资料及沉积环境判断,柴达木盆地昆特依地区晚更新世（33600~26370a B.P.）气候环境以温凉干旱与温凉干旱偏湿交替出现为特征,与现代大陆性干旱荒漠气候截然不同。     

银川市景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建

银川市生态保护与高质量发展已成为黄河流域可持续发展的重要组成部分,亟需优化区域生态安全格局。以银川市为研究区,综合生态风险评价模型和最小累积阻力模型,分析了银川市景观生态风险的时空分异特征,构建了生态安全格局并提出了生态安全保护策略。结果表明：（1） 银川市景观生态风险整体呈中北部高、南部低的空间分布特征,2000、2010年和2020年的景观生态风险指数平均值分别为0.2155、0.2145和0.2130,生态风险整体呈下降趋势,生态风险等级总体由高等级向低等级转移。（2） 共识别优化银川市生态廊道22条,生态节点52个,生态廊道累计长度约511.23 km,大致呈“北西—东南”方向网状分布,北部稀疏、南部密集。6条关键廊道贯穿南北,沿贺兰山国家级自然保护区—黄河—白芨滩国家级自然保护区一带分布,形成了“三纵”的空间格局分布特征。（3） 银川市优化后的生态安全格局由819.56 km²的生态源地、22条生态廊道和52个生态节点构成,并提出了针对生态源地、廊道和节点的生态安全保护策略,以期为银川市景观生态风险评价和生态安全水平的提升提供理论参考和依据。     

Insights into the phylogeny of sporadotrichid ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora: Hypotricha) based on genealogical analyses of multiple molecular markers

The sporadotrichid ciliates are an especially diverse group. A number of investigators have studied the morphological, morphogenetic, and molecular relationships among members of this group. Despite this, a consistent classification is still lacking and several important questions about the phylogenetic relationships within this group remain unsolved. To improve our understanding of these relationships, we constructed phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide sequences of the small-subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) gene and amino acid sequences of actin I and α-tubulin. Analyses of SSrRNA gene sequences indicated that: 1) the Sporadotrichida sensu Lynn (2008) and the Oxytrichidae are polyphyletic; 2) the Uroleptus species, which are classified to urostylids, formed a sister group with the oxytrichids; 3) Halteria grandinella, which is grouped morphologically with oligotrich species, clustered within the oxytrichids. These results are congruent with previous studies based on SSrRNA gene sequences. However, the amino acid sequences of actin I and α-tubulin yielded different topologies. The main results are: 1) in all phylogenetic trees, the genus Oxytricha was paraphyletic; 2) Uroleptus was sister to a subset of Urostyla and Holosticha, albeit with low supporting values; 3) Halteria grandinella was separated distantly from the Oxytrichidae in trees inferred from actin I amino acid sequences but clustered with oligotrichids in the α-tubulin analysis. The inconsistency among the trees inferred from these different molecular markers may be caused by rapidly accumulated genetic characterizations of ciliates. Further studies with additional molecular markers and sampling of more taxa are expected to better address the relationships among sporadotrichids.     

Acute Toxicity of Formalin to the Red-tide Dinoflageilate Prorocentrum minimum Schiller （Protozoa, Mastigophora）

The acute toxic levels of formalin to a marine red-tide dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Schiller (Mastigophora, Dinoflagellida) were determined by linear regression analysis. The data obtained revealed that there is a close regression relationship between logarithmic concentrations of formalin and mortality probit scales of the organism when exposure times are 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 h. The median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) obtained from correlation analysis for these exposure times (with 95% confidence intervals), were 11.83, 6.76, 4.37, 4.27 and 3.98mgL^-1 respectively. A toxicity curve was obtained to connect the exposure time and LC50 value from the correlation between them. The results indicated that P. minimum could be killed or fixed by formalin in the concentration range of 4-12mgL^-1 within 1-24h.