Numerical Study on Tidal Mixing in the Bohai Sea

The spatial and temporal variability of tidal mixing in Bohai Sea is studied using a numerical approach. In calculating tidal mixing, accurate barotropic tidal current is obtained via a harmonic analysis package utilizing the simulated current output from a high-resolution regional ocean model. And a “small-scale” roughness map is adopted to describe the detailed topographic features of Bohai Sea. It is shown that the tidal mixing estimated in Bohai Sea is much higher than the level of global background, and fluctuates considerably at some regions within a single day. In Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Bohai Strait, the mixing varies greatly, with the peak value of O (10^?2) m² s^?1. The order of magnitude of mixing in Laizhou Bay is about O (10^?5～10^?3) m² s^?1. Mixing with background level of O (10^?5) m² s^?1 only appears in central area. Result also shows that rough topography plays relatively a more important role than tidal current in enhancing diapycnal mixing in Bohai Sea. The distributions of tidal mixing in selected sections reveal that the vertical stratification in Bohai Sea is not obvious, generally renders a barotropic structure.     

底栖有孔虫(Florilus decors)壳体微量元素/钙比值的LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析方法及应用——以长江口外海域为例

深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的微量元素、同位素测试技术已较为成熟,而河口近海沉积物中有孔虫壳体元素微区测试却鲜有报道。本文报道了一种利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析法测试取自长江口外沉积物中的有孔虫壳体元素/钙比值的技术,研究了氦气载气流量、能量密度、束斑大小、激光剥蚀频率等参数对测试结果的影响,优化了活体有孔虫原位分析方法。应用确定的测试条件对2016年7月取自长江口外的底栖有孔虫优美花朵虫样品（Florilus decors）进行测试,发现Mg、Sr等元素/钙比值在壳体不同位置上无显著差异,而Mn的数据较为离散,可能与有孔虫生长过程中经历的水环境及其变化有关。     

基于F型mtDNA D-Loop的厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)群体遗传多样性研究

为研究东海区厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)遗传多样性,以厚壳贻贝F mtDNA D-loop为标记,对浙江省舟山嵊山岛、宁波渔山岛、温州南麂岛、福建省宁德湾和莆田南日岛五个海区的厚壳贻贝群体进行了遗传分析。结果表明,厚壳贻贝各群体的遗传多样性差异不明显,在5个群体中,宁德群体的遗传多样性相对最丰富;将5个群体作为一个整体时,呈现出较高的单倍型多样性和较低的核苷酸多样性。对厚壳贻贝5个群体间的遗传分化系数(Fst)和基因流(Nm)进行检测,结果显示群体间Fst值都很低,但Nm值都很高(Nm绝对值1),表明5个群体间存在丰富的基因交流。但宁德群体与浙江沿海的3个群体(嵊山、渔山、温州)的Fst值相对较高,且差异显著(P0.5),表明宁德群体与这3个群体间出现遗传分化。本研究旨在为海洋经济贝类资源的保护管理提供理论依据。     

Local Oceanic Vertical Deflection Determination with Gravity Data Along a Profile

Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) over oceans cannot be directly measured, which restricts their applications. A local covariance function of anomalous potential is put forward in this paper in conjunction with the least-squares collocation (LSC) method to compute the oceanic DOVs utilization of oceanic gravity data along a profile. The covariance functions of gravity field quantities have been derived directly as functions of x, y and z without the need to introduce coordinate transformations corresponding to along- or cross-profile components. In the proposed methodology, gravity data along a profile were used to calculate the residual gravity anomaly using the remove-compute-restore technique. The residual gravity anomaly was used to calculate the parameters of the proposed covariance function of the local anomalous gravity field, which was used in the LSC to compute the residual DOVs along the profile. The residual DOVs added model DOVs to recover the DOVs along the profile. The results of a simulation experiment prove that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective.     

利用极化SAR数据进行土地覆盖分类研究

基于相关矩阵特征向量的目标分解将地物回波复杂的散射过程分解成相互独立的三种单一散射分量:单向散射、双向散射和交叉散射,分别对应各自的目标相关矩阵。目标分解技术降低了散射回波之间的相关性,有利于分析地物散射机理,有助于提高分类精度。对荷兰F levoland地区全极化数据进行分解,经过试验和相关性分析,选用7种数据形成多参数数据组合,对其进行最大似然监督分类,同时进行常规三种极化加相位差的分类和基于复W ishart分布的最大似然分类,逐像元计算混淆矩阵,分析对比三种分类结果的精度,试验表明:相对于常规数据组合分类,基于复W ishart分布的监督分类可以小幅度提高分类精度,而利用目标分解得到多参数组合数据进行分类则有大幅度的提高。     

Morphological observation and rbcL gene sequences studies of two new species, Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao, sp. nov. and G. yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan, sp. nov. (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from China

A few species in the genus Grateloupia (Halymeniaceae,Rhodophyta) have been investigated in detail with respect to morphological observations and molecular analyses.In this study,the authors document the vegetative and reproductive structures of two new species of Grateloupia,G.dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao,sp.nov.and G.yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan,sp.nov.They both have the morphological character that carpogonial ampullae and auxiliary cell ampullae are the simple Grateloupia-type.The two species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by their distinctive morphological features respectively.Based on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene sequences,the phylogenetic tree obtained in the study indicated that they are both embedded within the Grateloupia clade.G.dalianensis clusters a subclade with G.asiatica,and G.yinggehaiensis forms a single monophyletic subclade with G.hawaiiana.     

不同碳氮浓度对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的影响

研究了不同二氧化碳浓度和硝酸钾浓度对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的影响。结果表明,较高浓度的CO2(600×10-6)能够显著促进雨生红球藻的生长、光合作用的进行和虾青素的累积。红球藻单个细胞内的虾青素含量随着培养液中硝酸钾浓度的降低而增加,绿色游动藻种和绿色不动藻种培养12 d后获得的最大虾青素值分别为10.93 pg/个和12.64 pg/个。连续通气是促进雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的一种有效碳源提供方式。     

用于遥感测温的双通道红外辐射计

本文介绍了一种用于遥感温度测量的、且与目前大多数星载红外遥感器波段相一致的双通道红外辐射计。该辐射计采用碲镉汞做为探测器。它可用于温度测量,其同步测量数据可用于星载红外遥感器的定标和数据的真实性检验。本文介绍了总体方案、精度计算及光、机、电和数据处理等部分的设计方法。     

Prediction methods of spudcan penetration for jack-up units

Jack-up units are extensively playing a successful role in drilling engineering around the world, and their safety and efficiency take more and more attraction in both research and engineering practice. An accurate prediction of the spudcan penetration depth is quite instrumental in deciding on whether a jack-up unit is feasible to operate at the site. The prediction of a too large penetration depth may lead to the hesitation or even rejection of a site due to potential difficulties in the subsequent extraction process; the same is true of a too small depth prediction due to the problem of possible instability during operation. However, a deviation between predictive results and final field data usually exists, especially when a strong-over-soft soil is included in the strata. The ultimate decision sometimes to a great extent depends on the practical experience, not the predictive results given by the guideline. It is somewhat risky, but no choice. Therefore, a feasible predictive method for the spudcan penetration depth, especially in strata with strong-over-soft soil profile, is urgently needed by the jack-up industry. In view of this, a comprehensive investigation on methods of predicting spudcan penetration is executed. For types of different soil profiles, predictive methods for spudcan penetration depth are proposed, and the corresponding experiment is also conducted to validate these methods. In addition, to further verify the feasibility of the proposed methods, a practical engineering case encountered in the South China Sea is also presented, and the corresponding numerical and experimental results are also presented and discussed.     

Deriving regional vertical fluid migration rates offshore southwestern Taiwan using bottom-simulating reflectors

Fluid migration rates are important parameters for understanding the structural characteristics and evolution of the crustal tectonics and hydrocarbon exploration. However, they are difficult to measure on the seafloor. Densely sampled temperature measurements might shed light on our study of the fluid migration rates. In this study, we first use reflection seismic data to derive geothermal gradient patterns at different sub-seafloor depths, then calculated 1D vertical fluid flow models by analyzing the Péclet numbers in the offshore regions of SW Taiwan. We found Péclet numbers ranging from 2 to 5, implying that vertical fluid flow velocities are between 6 and 44 cm/year. Assumed a homogenous permeable layer and no lateral variation of the temperature fields, we analyzed possible errors caused by depth-dependent thermal conductivity and velocity-depth function. They probably cause less than 2 cm/year of errors in the estimated vertical fluid flow rate. In terms of regional fluid flow patterns, we found higher fluid flow rates near the toe of the trench, and a dramatic increase in fluid flow rate when the continental slope of the Chinese passive margin enters into the trench, and reduced fluid flow rates in the hinterland. We propose that this is a new and potentially useful method to derive regional fluid flow rate models for studying geochemical and biological processes in shallow seafloor sediments and the regional hydrological budget.