加强地勘单位人力资源管理的几点看法

《关于加强地质工作的决定》出台后,新疆煤田地质局制定了《“十一五”人才发展规划》。本文结合新疆煤田地质局156队人才队伍结构、整合利用及考评等现状,指出煤田地质人才队伍建设要以人为本．在关注人才物质需要的同时,更要关注其精神需求,营建人才成长的优越环境和良好的企业文化。具体措施方面提出了应建立有效的激励约束机制和切实可行的绩效评估体系与分配机制,以吸引人才、留住人才,改变一线队伍不稳定的局面,实现该局人才发展规划和“3551”经济发展目标。     

数字真正射影像的研制

随着计算机技术、影像获取手段的不断发展和社会需求的不断进步,传统概念上的数字正射影像图已经越来越不能满足各种应用的需求.研究真正射影像的制作生产已经迫在眉睫.本文主要利用DMC影像,在Inpho数字摄影测量系统上进行数字真正射影像的研制,并分析了真正射影像的生产制作流程以及真正射影像制作过程中遇到的问题.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘柽柳冠下枯枝落叶沉积特征

柽柳是分布广泛的耐盐耐旱植物,温带干旱区重要物种。观测证明柽柳冠下有机凋落物的沉积作用是显著的,具有有机碳沉积埋藏的重要意义。有机质凋落沉积量与柽柳当年生长量关系不密切,但受当地水分条件、气温变化和风沙作用影响显著。在策勒绿洲前缘,柽柳冠下有机质凋落物年沉积量达到400g/m2。当多枝柽柳冠丛受到损伤或生长受到胁迫时,沉积明显增加,年生长量与凋落量之比(回归量)﹥40%; 在时间序列上,有机凋落物与无机碎屑的主要沉积过程是明显分开的,有机凋落物沉积主要发生在冬季,占年沉积量的75%以上,而同期无机碎屑沉积量不足5%。沉积交替过程对有机凋落物形成了良好的埋藏保存作用; 在空间范围上,有机凋落物并不是在冠下均匀或对称分布的。在风的影响下,冠丛下风侧有机凋落物被显著集中。冠丛丘的顶部只是无机碎屑的沉积中心区而并非有机凋落物。     

1939年海河流域洪涝灾害的气象—水文—灾害过程浅析*

1939年为海河流域20世纪特大洪涝灾害年之一。根据历史文献记载及观测资料,从降水过程、洪水过程及受灾情况等方面对1939年海河流域洪涝灾害过程作了梳理,得出以下结论: (1)1939年的洪涝灾害是7—8月份3次大范围集中暴雨导致的,集中降水出现于7月9—15日、7月23—29日和8月11—13日。3次暴雨中心均集中在昌平—紫荆关—中唐梅一带,其7、8两个月份总降雨量最高达到1000 mm以上,向东向西逐渐减小。(2)1939年海河流域诸河径流随着7—8月份集中降雨而出现涨落变化,稍滞后于降水变化1~2天,各河流最大流量和水位出现在7月23—29日集中降水后,并开始涨溢、决口,各河水位至8月底各河上游降雨中止而渐渐回落,9月中旬天津市区各河水位骤落,10月份以后洪水才迟缓退去,而洪水泛滥引发的涝灾一直延续到1940年。(3)1939年洪涝灾害在海河南系和北系都有发生,共造成150多个县市受灾,大部分受灾县市农业减产甚至绝收,被灾耕地面积成数超过8成的县市主要分布在大清河下游沿线、永定河下游沿线和南运河下游沿线靠近天津市的地区。     

A fractional order creep constitutive model of warm frozen silt

A series of triaxial creep tests were conducted on warm frozen silts extracted from Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at temperature of ?1.5 °C under confining pressures of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MPa, respectively. The applied test stress levels were 30, 50, 60, and 70% of triaxial shear strength, respectively. The test results indicate that the creep strain increases with the increase in applied stress level and there is a stress threshold, based on which the test results can be classified into two types of creep strain curves. The creep strain curve only includes primary and secondary creep stages when the stress level is less than the threshold value. When the stress level exceeds the threshold value, the creep strain velocity gradually increases and the specimen quickly fails in tertiary creep stage. Based on the creep test results, a fractional order rheological element model is established for warm frozen silt, which is also generalized from uniaxial stress state to the three-dimensional stress state. From the analysis on the features of the stress threshold, a creep strength criterion is also proposed simultaneously. Comparing the calculated results of the warm frozen silt with the tested ones, it is found that the predicted results of the proposed model are in good agreement with the test results. In the proposed fractional order model, the relationship between the damage factor and time is established to describe the damage degree of the specimen. Compared with the existing creep constitutive model of frozen soil, the proposed fractional order model has advantages of fewer model parameters, higher simulation precision and wider applicability in analyzing the mechanical properties of warm frozen silt.     

Ontogenetic changes in feeding and food preferences of the dog conch Laevistrombus canarium Linnaeus 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Merambong shoal,Malaysia

Laevistrombus canarium is one of the marine gastropod mollusks that have high commercial value,particularly in the aquaculture sector in Malaysia.This study was conducted to determine the feeding and food items of L.canarium at dif ferent ontogenetic stages(juveniles,sub-adults and adults)from Merambong shoals,Malaysia.Field observations on feeding activity were conducted,followed by detailed laboratory analysis on the stomach content.Five-minutes observations on randomly selected individuals were conducted at the fi eld sampling site and their feeding activities were recorded with reference to age stage.Various shell sizes from each ontogenetic stage were randomly collected and quickly anaesthetized with ice and preserved in 10%formalin before being transported to the laboratory for stomach content analyses.Field observations showed that L.canarium mainly grazed on epiphytes occurring on seagrass(46.67%),followed by sediment surface(40%)and epiphytes occurring on macroalgae(13.33%).Stomach content analyses showed a signifi cant dif ference(P0.05)in gastro-somatic index(Gasi)between the juveniles(0.39±0.05),sub-adults(0.68±0.09)and adults(0.70±0.05)(P0.05).Food items found in the conch stomach include diatoms,detritus,foraminifera,seagrass and macroalgae fragments,sand particles and shell fragments.The Index of Relative Importance(%IRI)indicates three main types of food dominated the three ontogenetic stages namely diatoms,sand particles and detritus.However,no signifi cant diff erence(P0.05)was detected between the three main food items(diatoms,sand particles and detritus)among the ontogenetic stages.Therefore,feeding activity revealed the role of the dog conch in the marine food network.While,classifi cation of the types of food consumed by L.canarium through stomach content analysis determines the particular position of the gastropod in the food chain.Further studies are needed to provide a better insight between trophic relationships of L.canarium with marine ecosystem.     

Groundwater and surface-water interactions and impacts of human activities in the Hailiutu catchment,northwest China

The interactions between groundwater and surface water have been significantly affected by human activities in the semi-arid Hailiutu catchment, northwest China. Several methods were used to investigate the spatial and temporal interactions between groundwater and surface water. Isotopic and chemical analyses of water samples determined that groundwater discharges to the Hailiutu River, and mass balance equations were employed to estimate groundwater seepage rates along the river using chemical profiles. The hydrograph separation method was used to estimate temporal variations of groundwater discharges to the river. A numerical groundwater model was constructed to simulate groundwater discharges along the river and to analyze effects of water use in the catchment. The simulated seepage rates along the river compare reasonably well with the seepage estimates derived from a chemical profile in 2012. The impacts of human activities (river-water diversion and groundwater abstraction) on the river discharge were analyzed by calculating the differences between the simulated natural groundwater discharge and the measured river discharge. Water use associated with the Hailiutu River increased from 1986 to 1991, reached its highest level from 1992 to 2000, and decreased from 2001 onwards. The reduction of river discharge might have negative impacts on the riparian ecosystem and the water availability for downstream users. The interactions between groundwater and surface water as well as the consequences of human activities should be taken into account when implementing sustainable water resources management in the Hailiutu catchment.     

中新元古界原生白云岩: 以中国典型台地区为例*

基于对中国塔里木盆地新元古界上震旦统奇格布拉克组、四川盆地新元古界上震旦统灯影组以及华北盆地中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组野外露头及钻井岩心白云岩的系统观察,发现中国典型台地区中新元古界中厚层至块状白云岩异常发育,其中泥(粉)晶白云岩占岩层总厚度86%~97%,且大多为厚层至块状。这些中厚层至块状泥(粉)晶白云岩,无论是否含藻类与菌类等微生物,次生交代作用基本都不发育。沉积古地理特征分析结果表明: (1)中新元古界的白云岩几乎覆盖整个海盆,广泛沉积于潮上带、潮间带以及潮下的开阔或局限台地环境;(2)白云岩的亚类在平面上受古基底隆凹格局控制,低凹部位以泥晶白云岩为主,高部位以颗粒泥晶白云岩或丘状叠层石泥晶白云岩为主;(3)白云岩台地中发育较深水台盆。地震剖面显示,这些台盆的形成受控于中新元古代的同生深大断裂活动,大断裂可将深部的Mg²⁺通过热液输入到碳酸盐岩台地中,使得海水中的Mg²⁺浓度增加。地球化学分析结果与古气候特征指示,不同晶粒结构的白云岩,即泥晶白云岩与少量的粉晶及细晶白云岩,其碳氧同位素比值没有明显分异,整体上与全球中新元古代海水背景值吻合,表明粉晶及粉细晶白云岩与泥晶白云岩同为沉积成因,其结构加粗乃原生泥晶白云石晶粒重结晶自生加大而成,并非次生交代成因,即这些少量发育的粉晶—细晶白云岩与主体的泥晶白云岩为同一成因机制。整合岩石学、沉积环境及地球化学等分析结果,认为中国典型台地区中新元古界的白云岩乃较典型的原生沉积成因。     

A motion instability formation mechanism of the multi-core structure of the East China Sea Kuroshio

Analysis of current structure is a main objective in the Kuroshio study. During the Sino- Japan cooperation investigation from 1986 to 1993, each season had a cruise for this topic, and a series of papers on the Kuroshio route, flux and velocity distrib…     

断裂带中硅的化学活动类型和变质平衡系统

我国东北地区数十条断裂带横剖面上断层岩的化学分析资料表明，硅含量的递变有是 规律。从变质作用，成分组合、显微构造、分带分异和构造背景等的不同表现，元素硅持球化学行为可分为低级变质作用和甚低级变质作用两咱类型。硅在断裂带中变化的复杂性，依实例分析为低级变质作用和甚低级变质作用两种类型。硅在断裂带中变化的复杂性，依实例分析同长石的分解密切相关，此系动力分异的一所导致的变质分异和化学分异多次性的结果，并