Depth-trim mapping control of underwater vehicle with fins

Underwater vehicle plays an important role in ocean engineering.Depth control by fin is one of the difficulties for underwater vehicle in motion control.Depth control is indirect due to the freedom coupling between trim and axial motion.It includes the method of dynamic analysis and lift-resistance-coefficient experiment and theory algorithm.By considering the current speed and depth deviation,comprehensive interpretation is used in object-planning instruction.Expected depth is transformed into expected trim.Dynamic output fluctuation can be avoided,which is caused by linear mapping of deviation.It is steady and accurate for the motion of controlled underwater vehicles.The feasibility and efficiency of the control method are testified in the pool and natural area for experiments.     

Optimal tonal detectors based on the power spectrum

The detection of tonals embedded in noise is an important sonar function and the traditional power spectrum analysis method has been widely used for this purpose. Wagstaff et al. (1997) proposed the WISPR (Wagstaff's Integration Silencing PRocessor) family processors, which perform a nonlinear integration or combination of the power spectrum observations. In this paper, we analyze the statistical property of the power spectrum observations and develop novel tonal detectors by optimally integrating the spectrum observations. The optimal detectors are derived by using the method of maximum likelihood hypothesis test. The results from simulations and real sea trial data have shown that the proposed detectors are promising in detecting tonals     

Multivariate statistical analysis to identify the major factors governing groundwater quality in the coastal area of Kimje,South Korea

The main purpose of this study is to identify the major factors affecting groundwater quality by means of multivariate statistical analysis of the physico‐chemical compositions. Cluster analysis results show that the groundwater in the study area is classified into four groups (A, B, C and D), and factor analysis indicates that groundwater composition, 81·9% of the total variance of 17 variables, is mainly affected by three factors: seawater intrusion, microbial activity and chemical fertilizers. These results might be related to the geographical characteristics of the study area. The main influence on groundwater in groups B, C and D, which are close to the Yellow Sea and contain reclaimed areas, is the seawater intrusion by the present seawater, the trapped seawater, and microbial activity. Group A, however, has been used for agriculture for a long time, and thus groundwater in this group has been largely affected by chemical fertilizers. As groundwater flows from group A to group D according to its path, the governing factor of the groundwater quality gradually changes from chemical fertilizers to microbial activity and seawater intrusion. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隧道工程物探方法结果的综合解释

本文以陈庄隧道工程勘察为例,讨论了运用综合工程物探方法进行隧道勘测的可行性,阐述了查明风化层分层、断层、地下水分布等的野外工作方法和技术,并对各种物探方法所得的结果进行了单独解释和综合解释,从而避免了单一物探方法的多解性,提高了解释结果的可靠性,经钻孔资料验证,效果良好。另外,对在隧道开挖过程中可能遇到的断层、塌陷等情况也做了讨论。     

微波晶体管放大器的图解设计法

在对线性两端口网络Ｓ参量分析的基础上，给出了利用史密斯圆图设计微波晶体管放大器的一般方法。并与解析设计法进行了比较     

河外射电源变化的观测研究

在本文中评述河外射电源变化的观测进展。首先对几个射电变源的一些专门术语和定义作介绍。然后叙述在整个频谱上各种变化测量的结果，包括流量、频谱和偏振的变化。讨论了ＶＬＢＩ对变化研究的重要影响。简要地触及短时标变化引发的逆康普顿灾变的理论问题，最后，强调指出了多波段同时观测河外射电源在深入了解活动星系核方面的重要作用。     

Characteristics of organic matter as indicators of pollution from small‐scale livestock and nitrate contamination of shallow groundwater in an agricultural area

The main purpose of this study was to examine the hydrogeochemical factors leading to nitrate contamination of shallow groundwater in an agricultural area. Another purpose was to identify relationships between variations in organic matter levels (as estimated by the BOD and COD parameters) of groundwater that transports effluent from small‐scale livestock holdings. Major cations, anions, BOD and COD of organic matter and total coliforms were analysed. It was found that groundwaters beneath cultivated areas and areas carrying livestock had higher concentrations of calcium, nitrate and chloride than did freshwater. Above all, the nitrification process increased concentrations of nitrate. Nitrate levels were depressed in some places where the groundwater was low in dissolved oxygen. Groundwaters affected by livestock activities showed high concentrations of organic matter (BOD, COD) and high microbial concentrations (as indicated by total coliforms). The COD/BOD ratio increased in the downward direction. It was inferred that this was due to the faster loss of easily biodegradable organic matter compared with non‐biodegradable organic matter proceeding away from a discharge. Accordingly, it is possible to trace effluent in a small area back to a point source by monitoring the COD/BOD ratio of groundwater. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南极GRV 022888和GRV 052408橄辉无球粒陨石的岩石矿物学特征及成因探讨

主要介绍GRV 022888和GRV 052408两块南极陨石的岩相学和矿物化学特征,并在此基础上探讨其成因。GRV 052408陨石主要由橄榄石(~60 vol%)和辉石(~35 vol%)组成,含少量富碳质填隙物(~5 vol%);而GRV022888陨石基本由橄榄石(~98 vol%)构成,仅有很少量辉石,富碳质不透明填隙物含量也较低(~2 vol%)。这两块陨石中的橄榄石都可以见到明显的核部富铁边部富镁的反环带结构。结合岩相学和矿物化学特征,将它们划分为单矿Ⅰ型橄辉无球粒陨石。根据橄榄石-易变辉石-熔体温度计,计算得到两块陨石的形成温度在1 220℃左右。我们的研究结果支持橄辉无球粒陨石为球粒陨石质母体部分熔融后的残余物成因假说。     

测震数采仪记录的钻孔应变

采用测震仪数采器在昌平台站开展了高频采集实验,对原来1次/分钟采样的钻孔应变仪输出进行100次/秒采样,记录到大量丰富的信息.计算了高频采样获得的应变记录分钟值后,发现与原来的1次/分钟采样变化曲线趋势完全吻合.高频采样获得的应变地震波更加完整,细节更为清晰.通过应变地震波计算得到的震相参数,与前人所得结果一致.与十三陵地震台测震仪记录的地震波比较,二者的波谱相似,且应变地震波中还存在低频成份.     

生态空间理论及其在生物入侵研究中的应用

生态空间理论（theoryofspat ialecology）是对生态系统空间关系进行研究的一种理论，主要包括尺度、空间格局和镶嵌动态等。模型是研究空间关系的重要手段，其中莱文斯（Levins）模型、细胞自动机（cel lularautomata）模型和反应-扩散（React ion Di f fusion）模型是 3个基本的模型。尺度是生态学研究中的核心问题，对于不同的研究对象，应在相应的尺度上进行思考。空间异质性是不同尺度上的生态学过程的结果，同时它也影响各种生态学过程。随着人们对生物入侵的日益关注，空间生态学理论尤其是一些空间模型越来越多的应用于入侵和竞争的研究中。