Thermo-hydro-mechanical process and damage mechanism of a cold-region canal under coupled wetting–drying and freezing–thawing cycles

Acta Geotechnica - In cold regions, periodic wetting–drying and freezing–thawing (WDFT) actions lead to frequent and heavy canal damage, weakening the water-conveyance capacities of...     

基于GRID-TIN混合格网DEM的旱作梯田数值模拟模型研究

旱梯田地形具有独特的平面和剖面形态特征,现有DEM难以对其地貌形态特征进行准确描述,无法满足构建旱梯田地形数值模拟模型的需求。为此,以黄土高原典型旱梯田地形为切入点,基于Grid-TIN混合格网DEM和面向对象技术构建出水平梯田等典型旱梯田数值模拟模型。根据旱梯田地形的独特地貌形态特征,提出能够对旱梯田地形的高程、坡度进行准确计算的数字地形分析方法。该研究成果是对基于DEM的旱梯田地形数值模拟模型研究的有益尝试,对于探讨利用DEM实现旱梯田地形的有效数字表达与分析具有重要理论意义。     

基于城市功能格局的西安市文化产业空间集聚研究

针对以往文化产业区位特征研究中缺乏与城市功能格局有机联系的问题,以中国西部重要的文化产业集聚中心西安市为案例,采用土地利用区位商、标准差椭圆、热点分析和叠加分析等方法,分析其文化产业的空间集聚特征及与城市功能格局的耦合关系。结果表明,2016年西安市的文化产业布局具有较强的“空间+功能”依附性特征,其空间集聚以城市发展主轴为方向线,集中在以一类工业和科教功能为主、开发较为成熟的城市综合功能区。传统商贸业、物流业等要素集散枢纽对文化产业的空间集聚影响较为显著。面向生活服务的文化休闲娱乐服务业的空间分布相对均衡,而面向生产服务的文化创意和设计服务业则表现出较强的产业关联导向和环境氛围导向特征。     

鞍山中太古代铁架山花岗岩中表壳岩包体的地球化学特征及地质意义

鞍山地区中太古代铁架山花岗岩中存在多种类型的表壳岩包体。本文对其中 类变泥砂质岩石进行了研究。一类包括云母石英片岩、黑云变粒岩、浅粒岩, 它们高钾低钠, 具有强的负铕异常(Eu/Eu^* = 0.10~0.23) 和负钡异常(Ba/Ba^*＝^*＝0.09～0.23),t_DM和ε_Nd(3.0 Ga)变化范围分别为3.36～3.51 Ga和-3.89～-1.59.岩石高的成熟度和长的地壳滞留时间表明鞍山地区中太古代以前陆壳基底就有了相当的规模,并具有很长的地壳演化历史.它们在元素组成上与铁架山花岗岩十分相似,相互间存在物源上的成因联系.铁架山花岗岩的t_DM和ε_Nd(3.0 Ga)变化范围分别为3.39～3.70 Ga和-4.99～-2.36,Sm、Nd同位素组成与变质泥砂质岩石存在一定差异,看来主要与前者形成过程中源区选择性部分熔融和稀土组成发生变化有关.另一类为黑云斜长片麻岩,组成上与第一类变泥砂质岩石存在较大区别,而与古太古代陈台沟花岗岩较为相似,相互间可能存在物源上的成因联系.它们对铁架山岩体部分轻、重稀土强烈分离花岗质岩石的形成可能起了一定作用.物源区的复杂性是铁架山花岗岩组成上存在较大变化的主要原因.     

A hybrid ensemble learning method for tourist route recommendations based on geo-tagged social networks

Geo-tagged travel photos on social networks often contain location data such as points of interest (POIs), and also users’ travel preferences. In this paper, we propose a hybrid ensemble learning method, BAyes-Knn, that predicts personalized tourist routes for travelers by mining their geographical preferences from these location-tagged data. Our method trains two types of base classifiers to jointly predict the next travel destination: (1) The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier quantifies users’ location history, weather condition, temperature and seasonality and uses a feature-weighted distance model to predict a user’s personalized interests in an unvisited location. (2) A Bayes classifier introduces a smooth kernel function to estimate a-priori probabilities of features and then combines these probabilities to predict a user’s latent interests in a location. All the outcomes from these subclassifiers are merged into one final prediction result by using the Borda count voting method. We evaluated our method on geo-tagged Flickr photos and Beijing weather data collected from 1 January 2005 to 1 July 2016. The results demonstrated that our ensemble approach outperformed 12 other baseline models. In addition, the results showed that our framework has better prediction accuracy than do context-aware significant travel-sequence-patterns recommendations and frequent travel-sequence patterns.     

长春市城市地域结构体系研究

本文应用城市地理学，城市经济学及城市规划等理论，采用实证研究方法，以城市地域结构的历史，现状及未来演变为研究主线，在对长春市地域历史演变轨迹分析的基础上，分析了长春市城市地域结构的现状特征及存在的主要问题，对未来长春市城市地域结构的调整及优化提出了设想方案。     

Dynamic analysis of structures using modified Lanczos co‐ordinates

An efficient dynamic analysis method using the modified Lanczos co‐ordinates is presented. The proposed method is obtained by applying the modified Lanczos algorithm using Lanczos vectors that satisfy the stiffness‐orthonormality condition to the conventional Lanczos co‐ordinates method. The modified Lanczos co‐ordinates method is more efficient than the conventional method in the case of structures under multi‐input loads. The effectiveness of the modified Lanczos co‐ordinates method is verified by analysing a numerical example. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三维Tóth型盆地的驻线及其对多级次水流系统的控制

Tóth基于二维剖面流场提出的地下水流系统理论已成为研究盆地尺度地下水循环的理论依据。二维剖面上的驻点可以用于精确划分水流系统的空间分布,然而人们对三维盆地中水流系统的形态以及驻点是否存在等认识尚不清楚。针对2种典型的三维盆地,分别是只在单一方向存在波状起伏的类前陆型盆地和2个正交方向同时存在波状起伏的沙丘型盆地,利用余弦函数建立潜水面起伏的数学表达式,推导水头分布的解析解,利用TECPLOT软件实现了水流系统三维空间分布的可视化。研究发现,2种理想三维盆地内都可以发育驻点,其中类前陆型盆地内驻点构成一条水平延伸的驻线,驻线控制了4个水流系统的空间分布;沙丘型盆地内驻点构成一条圆弧状驻线,驻线控制了6个水流系统的空间分布。通过研究驻线在三维盆地中的分布并且提出了利用驻线划分三维盆地水流系统的方法,加深了对三维盆地地下水循环规律的认识。     

Ground temperature variation and its response to climate change on the northern Tibetan Plateau

Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Under the background of temperature warming, the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming trend in frozen ground temperature, an increasing active layer thickness, and the melting of underground ice. Based on high-resolution ground temperature data observed from 1997 to 2012 on the northern TP, the trend of ground temperature at each observation site and its response to climate change were analyzed. The results showed that while the ground temperature at different soil depths showed a strong warming trend over the observation period, the warming in winter is more significant than that in summer. The warming rate of daily minimum ground temperature was greater than that of daily maximum ground temperature at the TTH and MS3608 sites. During the study period, thawing occurred earlier, whereas freezing happened later, resulting in shortened freezing season and a thinner frozen layer at the BJ site. And a zero-curtain effect develops when the soil begins to thaw or freeze in spring and autumn. From 1997 to 2012, the average summer air temperature and precipitation in summer and winter from six meteorological stations along the Qinghai-Tibet highway also demonstrated an increasing trend, with a more significant temperature increase in winter than in summer. The ground temperature showed an obvious response to air temperature warming, but the trend varied significantly with soil depths due to soil heterogeneity.     

创业者区位选择的家乡偏好及其驱动机制

作为家乡认同感浓厚且出现大规模流动人口的转型中国家,中国的创业者在区位选择上究竟偏好家乡还是异地亟待回答,这关乎地方创业政策的方向性布局。基于2014年中国劳动力动态调查数据,从微观个体层面实证检验了创业者在区位选择上是否存在家乡偏好,并探究了其驱动机制。研究发现：创业者在区位选择上的确存在家乡偏好,且这种偏好在生存型和机会型的创业者中均普遍存在;在剔除可能造成家乡偏好高估的样本后,上述发现依然成立。进一步的机制分析发现,创业者偏好在家乡创业是为了借助熟悉的社会网络拓展营销渠道并照顾子女和父母。上述发现为制定创业人才政策提供了科学依据。