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101.
In Taiwan many reservoirs are constructed in mountain areas. Unfortunately, several earthquakes shook the soil, and typhoons brought a huge amount of water to the reservoir zone. In the past studies, remote-sensing image data were used to effectively monitor the landslide near reservoirs. In recent years, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has become a well-known method for image classification. However, there are few studies to optimize the linear classification function. While the ancillary information has been adopted easily by new methodologies, the ancillary information must be examined by a landslide image classification system. To explore the effects of optimization on the LDA equations, three approaches were compared: (a) conventional LDA; (b) combined discrete rough sets and LDA (DRS + LDA), which identify the core factors and the corresponding thresholds of landslide occurrence; and (c) combined particle swam optimization algorithm and LDA (PSO + LDA), which optimizes the parameters of LDA equation to attain the best classification outcomes. The above methods were applied to a reservoir region in Taiwan, and the following classification results were obtained. The application of DRS + LDA in our case study reduced the number of ancillary attributes from 14 to 5, and resulted in an accuracy rate of 0.83. On the other hand, the application of PSO + LDA resulted in the same accuracy rate as that of DRS + LDA, whereas the accuracy rate of conventional LDA was found to be 0.78. 相似文献
102.
Petroleum system analysis of the Khatatba Formation in the Shoushan Basin,north Western Desert,Egypt
Mohamed Ragab Shalaby Mohammed Hail Hakimi Wan Hasiah Abdullah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(10):4303-4320
The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation is an attractive petroleum exploration target in the Shoushan Basin, north Western Desert, Egypt. However, the Khatatba petroleum system with its essential elements and processes has not been assigned yet. This study throws the lights on the complete Khatatba petroleum system in the Shoushan Basin which has been evaluated and collectively named the Khatatba-Khatatba (!) petroleum system. To evaluate the remaining hydrocarbon potential of the Khatatba system, its essential elements were studied, in order to determine the timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation. Systematic analysis of the petroleum system of the Khatatba Formation has identified that coaly shales and organic-rich shales are the most important source rocks. These sediments are characterised by high total organic matter content and have good to excellent hydrocarbon generative potential. Kerogen is predominantly types II–III with type III kerogen. The Khatatba source rocks are mature and, at the present time, are within the peak of the oil window with vitrinite reflectance values in the range of 0.81 to 1.08 % Ro. The remaining hydrocarbon potential is anticipated to exist mainly in stratigraphic traps in the Khatatba sandstones which are characterised by fine to coarse grain size, moderate to well sorted. It has good quality reservoir with relatively high porosity and permeability values ranging from 1 to 17 % and 0.05–1,000 mD, respectively. Modelling results indicated that hydrocarbon generation from the Khatatba source rocks began in the Late Cretaceous time and peak of hydrocarbon generation occurred during the end Tertiary time (Neogene). Hydrocarbon primarily migrated from the source rock via fractured pathways created by abnormally high pore pressures resulting from hydrocarbon generation. Hydrocarbon secondarily migrated from active Khatatba source rocks to traps side via vertical migration pathways through faults resulting from Tertiary tectonics during period from end Oligocene to Middle Miocene times. 相似文献
103.
Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert,Saudi Arabia
Michael D. Petraglia Abdullah M. Alsharekh Rémy Crassard Nick A. Drake Huw Groucutt Adrian G. Parker Richard G. Roberts 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(13-14):1555-1559
Major hydrological variations associated with glacial and interglacial climates in North Africa and the Levant have been related to Middle Paleolithic occupations and dispersals, but suitable archaeological sites to explore such relationships are rare on the Arabian Peninsula. Here we report the discovery of Middle Paleolithic assemblages in the Nefud Desert of northern Arabia associated with stratified deposits dated to 75,000 years ago. The site is located in close proximity to a substantial relict lake and indicates that Middle Paleolithic hominins penetrated deeply into the Arabian Peninsula to inhabit landscapes vegetated by grasses and some trees. Our discovery supports the hypothesis of range expansion by Middle Paleolithic populations into Arabia during the final humid phase of Marine Isotope Stage 5, when environmental conditions were still favorable. 相似文献
104.
Increasing critical sensitivity of the Load/Unload Response Ratio before large earthquakes with identified stress accumulation pattern 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huai-zhong Yu Zheng-kang Shen Yong-ge Wan Qing-yong Zhu Xiang-chu Yin 《Tectonophysics》2006,428(1-4):87-94
The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method is proposed for short-to-intermediate-term earthquake prediction [Yin, X.C., Chen, X.Z., Song, Z.P., Yin, C., 1995. A New Approach to Earthquake Prediction — The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) Theory, Pure Appl. Geophys., 145, 701–715]. This method is based on measuring the ratio between Benioff strains released during the time periods of loading and unloading, corresponding to the Coulomb Failure Stress change induced by Earth tides on optimally oriented faults. According to the method, the LURR time series usually climb to an anomalously high peak prior to occurrence of a large earthquake. Previous studies have indicated that the size of critical seismogenic region selected for LURR measurements has great influence on the evaluation of LURR. In this study, we replace the circular region usually adopted in LURR practice with an area within which the tectonic stress change would mostly affect the Coulomb stress on a potential seismogenic fault of a future event. The Coulomb stress change before a hypothetical earthquake is calculated based on a simple back-slip dislocation model of the event. This new algorithm, by combining the LURR method with our choice of identified area with increased Coulomb stress, is devised to improve the sensitivity of LURR to measure criticality of stress accumulation before a large earthquake. Retrospective tests of this algorithm on four large earthquakes occurred in California over the last two decades show remarkable enhancement of the LURR precursory anomalies. For some strong events of lesser magnitudes occurred in the same neighborhoods and during the same time periods, significant anomalies are found if circular areas are used, and are not found if increased Coulomb stress areas are used for LURR data selection. The unique feature of this algorithm may provide stronger constraints on forecasts of the size and location of future large events. 相似文献
105.
Wan Guojiang Zheng Xiangdong Lee H N Bai Z G Wan Enyuan Wang Shilu Yang Wei 《地球科学进展》2010,25(5):492-504
It′s essential to measure air concentrations and depositional fluxes of environmental radionuclides in different regions for modeling global contamination transfer and validation, tracing deposition process and dating, referencing watershed erosion trace and assessing natural radiation of ecosystem. This study introduces the research background and methods and explains weekly variations of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations in surface air and precipitation at Mt. Guanfeng/Guiyang since 2001. The results indicate that 210Pb and 7Be concentrations in surface air fluctuate periodically at 2~6 week interval because of the meteorological condition changes. The annual trend in 210Pb air concentration is overall influenced by air temperature variation and periodical rainfall. 7Be air concentration varies up and down regualarly. The synchronization of low concentrations for both 210Pb and 7Be in surface air and high ratio (210Pb/7Be ≥ 0.8) indicate oceanic poor 210Pb-7Be air mass invasion. The synchronization of high concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be in surface air and low ratio (210Pb/7Be ≤ 0.7) implies rich 7Be air mass invasion from altostratus atmosphere. Weekly concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be in precipitation and the Kd coefficients are high in late Autumn to Spring, and low in late Spring to Autumn. Although 210Pb and 7Be concentrations vary seasonally, their weekly concentrations in precipitation increase with that of air concentration. The 210Pb and 7Be weekly concentrations for seasonal division is about 0.2 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively. However, the Kd coefficient decreases when 210Pb and 7Be air concentrations increase. Deposition of 210Pb and 7Be with precipitation mainly take place in Spring and Summer; The weekly fallout of 210Pb and 7Be increases with increasing precipitation; the increase of 7Be is triple of that of 210Pb and 2.5 when precipitation nears to zero. The weekly-high fallout of 210Pb and 7Be with precipitation corresponds with the dramatic decrease of their air concentrations within or vicinal weeks. The ratio of 210Pb to 7Be in rainfall is overall ≤ 0.5 and varies synchronously with the ratio in surface air, indicating that the two radionuclides are cleaned by precipitation from air at close speed. In the extreme freezing disaster in 2008, both 210Pb and 7Be air concentrations were low and coupling with coexist of low concentration of aerosol and high nuclides activities. Weekly concentration of 7Be in surface air at Mt. Guanfeng demonstrates the anticipated concentration level in the low-latitude and high-elevation region; the short-term fluctuations of 7Be concentration indicated the hysteresis was influcenced by the strong air current submersion and the low-elevation air mass rising differently at Mt. Guanfeng and Mt. Waliguan. 相似文献
106.
107.
REGIONALGEOLOGYTheMaolinggolddepositislocatedintheeasternpartofthenorthmarginofNorthChinaplatform.GaixianFormationofLiaoheGro... 相似文献
108.
Paleocollapse structure as a passageway for groundwater flow and contaminant transport 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wan Fang Zhou 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(4):251-257
Paleocollapse structure is a rock collapse, resulting from the failure in the geological history of the bedrock overlying
karstified limestone. Depending on the present hydrogeological conditions within the area of paleocollapse and the internal
properties of these structures, they can provide a means to facilitate groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Inactive
paleocollapse structures can be reactivated by human activities such as dam construction, mining underground minerals, pumping
groundwater, and development of landfills. They can also be reactivated by natural events such as earthquakes and neotectonic
movements. In the mines of northern China, sudden inflow of karst water from Ordovician limestone into drifts and mining stopes
through paleocollapse structures has caused significant economic loss. Water pumping tests and accompanied dye traces are
effective approaches of locating water-conducting paleocollapse structures. Grouting is probably the best means of preventing
them from becoming geohazards.
Received: 26 November 1996 · Accepted: 17 June 1997 相似文献
109.
Abdullah Al-Khanbashi Shihab W. Abdalla 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1603-1625
This study reports on waterborne polymer emulsion systems that were used for structural modification of sandy soils. The first
emulsion used was a styrene-acrylic, copolymer emulsion; the second and third were vinyl-acrylic, copolymer-based emulsions.
Specimens were prepared by adding different polymer emulsions to the sand and water in prescribed amounts. The performance
of the different emulsion systems as sand stabilizers was estimated through measurement of the hydraulic conductivity and
compressive strength. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity were conducted in a flexible membrane test apparatus. The hydraulic
conductivity for the three emulsions decreased at different rates, with an increase in polymer content up to 3 wt. (i.e.,
% by weight). Additional increase of polymer content did not introduce significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity, and,
at 5 wt.%, the three emulsions had essentially the same effect. Measurements made on dry cylindrical specimens disclosed remarkable
enhancement in the mechanical behavior of the system. The compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the examined emulsions
increased with a higher concentration of polymer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the reduction in the permeability
and the improved mechanical properties can be attributed to three dominant structural changes: the development of interconnecting
ties between the sand particles, the development of adhesion between neighboring sand particles in contact, and the covering
of the sand particles with a thin polymer film. 相似文献
110.
A. Z. Aris M. H. Abdullah B.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D. A. Ahmed B.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D. K. K. Woong B.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(4):441-450
Factor analysis was applied to the hydrochemical data set of Manukan Island in order to extract the principal factors corresponding to the different sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. The application of varimax rotation was to ensure the clear definition of the main sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. The geochemical data of dissolved major, minor and trace constituents in the groundwater samples indicates the main processes responsible for the geochemistry evolution. By using Kaiser normalization, principal factors were extracted from the data for each location. The analysis reveals that there are four sources of solutes: (1) seawater intrusion; (2) leaching process of underlying rock mediated by pH; (3) minerals weathering process and (4) dissolution of carbonate minerals characterized by high loadings of Ca, Zn and Mg. Such processes are dominated by the significant role of anthropogenic impact from the over abstraction of fresh water from the aquifer. Those factors contributed to the changes of the groundwater geochemistry behavior explain the effect of rising extraction of freshwater from the aquifer. 相似文献