井潮系数,气压系数与地震关系的探讨

本文就井潮效应及气压效应的变化特征与地震关系,以及地震预报方法可行度进行了分析研究和初步探讨,结果表明气压系数、井潮系数的变化与地震关系复杂。但在判断确认、预报地震强度、地点方面有可取之处,该预报地震新方法值得进一步深入探讨和研究。文中以滇01井为研究对象,以1984年的回归参数为正常动态。分别求出各项参数的均值z_o与标准误差σ_o以z_o-4σ≦z_o+4σ为正常涨落范围。在此以外的单因子N型脉冲,或多因子单脉冲视为异常。其映震率为77.8%,震前异常预报可行率55.6%。地震漏报率为22.2%,地震虚漏报率为44.4%。     

遂昌,丽水萤石的光学吸收谱研究

对遂昌、丽水萤石进行了光学吸收谱测试和热处理实验,探讨其染色机制主要为2Fi~*心、2Fi~-心和Fi~*心。并利用吸收光谱计算萤石的颜色指数。     

137Cs及210Pbex方法湖泊沉积计年研究新进展

The ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex techniques are widely employed for dating recent sediments of lakes. There is important provision to gain dating results correctly with the sampling device of no-disturbing sediments and the sample separation of high precision. The secondary peak of ¹³⁷Cs in sediment horizon of 1975 could be as an assistant dating time marker. Most part of ¹³⁷Cs in sediments is at stable position which provides reliability for ¹³⁷Cs dating time marker. The post-depositional remobilization of ²¹⁰Pb could lead to the lower rate of sediment accumulation in seasonal anoxic hypolimnia of lakes.The transformation of Pb species has provided the geochemical condition of its diffusion in the processes of early diagenesis. The diffusion mechanism of Pb-Po is controlled by cycling Fe-Mn, respectively.     

喀喇昆仑断裂沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带活动的构造地貌特征

喀喇昆仑断裂(KKF)在普兰裂谷以东的存在状况有两种推论:1大陆逃逸模式,认为喀喇昆仑断裂的活动状况在普兰裂谷以东和以西没有差别,都是沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带经历长时间、大尺度的右旋走滑;2分散变形模式,认为喀喇昆仑断裂的活动终止于普兰裂谷,断裂的走滑错距均被普兰裂谷吸收。然而,长久以来并没有针对喀喇昆仑断裂在普兰裂谷以东活动的野外调查。近年来,在普兰—仲巴一线针对喀喇昆仑断裂展开了详细的断裂几何学、运动学和年代学研究。野外调查表明,普兰—仲巴一线断层活动的构造地貌特征显著,如线性排列的断层三角面和断层陡坎、断塞塘、错断脊以及不同级别的水系右旋弯曲等,表明活动的喀喇昆仑断裂不仅仅局限于普兰裂谷以西。冲沟和错断脊显示霍尔地区喀喇昆仑断裂最大右旋错距为(11±1)km,而马攸木山以东的冈底斯花岗岩被右旋错断(7±1)km。喀喇昆仑断裂不同断层分支在马攸木山侧接,形成局部的挤压区。该挤压区吸收了约4km的走滑错距,造成马攸木山成为雅鲁藏布江和印度河的分水岭。仲巴地区罗布岗日峰以东,喀喇昆仑断裂失去其地表踪迹,表明马攸木山附近的7km走滑错距完全被隆格尔裂谷—罗布岗日峰—琼果盆地组成的盆山体系所吸收。霍尔附近一个右旋错距(84±2)m的错断脊光释光测年结果表明该错断脊形成于(9.4±0.8)~(21.7±1.6)ka,由此计算出喀喇昆仑断裂在本区的最大右旋走滑速率为每年(4.0±0.3)mm。如果晚新生代以来喀喇昆仑断裂在本区均保持这样的走滑速率,则喀喇昆仑断裂在普兰—仲巴一线的起始活动时间在3 Ma左右,远小于阿里地区喀喇昆仑断裂的12 Ma起始活动时间。因此,断裂在研究区的几何学、运动学和年代学特征表明喀喇昆仑断裂在青藏高原陆内变形中具有分散变形的构造模式特征。     

Development of attapulgite composite ceramsite/quartz sand double-layer biofilter for micropolluted drinking source water purification

This study compared start-up and steady-state affecting factors of attapulgite composite ceramsite/quartz sand double-layer biofilter (ACC/QSDLBF) and quartz sand single-layer biofilter (QSSLBF) on micropolluted drinking source water treatment. Results showed that the ACC has suitable pore size distribution in the range of 5–850 nm which is conducive to biofiltration. Turbidity removal efficiency of ACC/QSDLBF was a little lower than QSSLBF, but organic matters and ammonia removal efficiencies of ACC/QSDLBF were much higher than QSSLBF due to biodegradation and nitrification by microorganisms colonizing on the ACC. At stable state, the growth of head loss for ACC/QSDLBF was lower than that of QSSLBF. The complete filtration cycle of ACC/QSDLBF was 52 h. The total COD_Mn removal rate of ACC/QSDLBF was 20.93 %, in which 90 % of removed total COD_Mn was achieved at the upper 60 cm of ACC filter layer. The removal of COD_Mn decreased from 35.89 to 13.16 % in ACC/QSDLBF when increasing hydraulic loading from 2 to 16 m/h. After analysis of efficient EBCT in ACC/QSDLBF, optimized hydraulic loading was 12 m/h. These conclusions would be helpful to practical application of ACC as functional material for new construction of waterworks, especially upgrading of existing waterworks treating micropolluted drinking source water.     

Modelling the spatial evolution of map objects by map agents

To overcome the weakness of modelling the relationships between map objects that represent the same geographic entities or phenomena at different times and scales, an agent-based approach is presented to modelling of the spatial evolution of map objects for better understanding of the evolutional process of different maps. Map agents are used to establish and manage the many-to-many corresponding relationships between map objects, and they render map objects active rather than traditionally passive. The evolutions of map objects are modelled by map agents using association and generation relationships to model the connectivity between map objects. This effort reduces the workload of multi-scale map updating by avoiding update of the entire map; instead, it simply allows map agents to detect, perceive and choose suitable behaviours on which to operate and update a spatially evolving object. Experiments of specific examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of our approach.