地震区划图有助于拯救生命和财产

美国地震区划图为编制和修订美国建筑物抗震规范设计提供了所需资料。为了能反映最新的认识水平,科学家经常修订地震区划图。满足现代抗震设计规范的建筑具有较好的抗震性能,不仅能减少人员伤亡,而且能使如生命线工程等正常运转。     

犹他州人面对未来

几乎75%的犹他州人居住在沃萨奇断层附近。地球科学家们已经证明这个断层一再发生7级或更大的强烈地震,而且将来会继续发生下去。犹他州努力增加公众对地震危险的意识,使得居民和团体领导人在未来地震中将采取行动来保护生命和减少损失。1847年当第一批疲倦不堪的摩门教移居者到达犹他州盐湖城的土地上时,他们宣布这就是选中的地方。然而,他们并不知道     

THE STABILITY OF ROCK-VENEERED HILLSLOPES

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STABILITY OF NIANCHU RIVER AFTER REGULATION BY STRAIGHTENING: A CASE STUDY FROM TIBET, CHINA

IINTRODUCTIONTheNianchuRiverCatchmentisoneofthemaingrainproducingareasofTibet.TheengineeringregulationoftheriverisanimportantcomponentofstatekeyprojectofChina,"OneRiverandTwoTributariesProject"."OneRiver"herestandsfortheYarlungZhangboRiverandthe"TwoTributaries"aretheNianchuRiverandtheLasaRiverinCentral-SouthernTibet.InordertoimprovethewaterresourcesandtopreventfloodinginTibet,aseriesofhydropowerstations,irrigationdiversionprojects,floodcontrollevees,andreforestationprogramshaveb…     

中国唐山实验台阵的近场强震加速度记录

国家地震局工程力学研究所与美国加州理工学院(C.I.T.),南加州大学(U.S.C.)以及地质调查局(U.S.G.S.)于1981年正式开始了一项中美双边强震观测的合作研究计划。作为这项计划的一部分,1982年6月底在中国唐山地震(1976.7.28,M_s=7.8)的余震区,布设了一个实验性的强震仪器台阵。这个台阵由12台三分量数字磁带记录式强震仪组成。从1982年7月至1983年3月,该台阵共取得了震级M_L=1.2—6.2的133个地震的285张近场加速度记录,其中大部分保留了初至P波和相应的精确到时。 本文介绍了实验台阵的运行情况和所获取的典型的近场加速度记录,展示了1982年10月19日卢龙M_L=6.2地震时距震中仅4公里的地点所获取的十分珍贵的近场加速度记录,其水平向最大加速度为0.23g,竖向最大加速度为0.128g。 本文还根据所获取的资料,进行了初步分析,给出了有关震源情况的若干基本数据和近场地震动的衰减规律。     

The water crisis in the gaza strip: prospects for resolution

Israel and the Palestinian Authority share the southern Mediterranean coastal aquifer. Long-term overexploitation in the Gaza Strip has resulted in a decreasing water table, accompanied by the degradation of its water quality. Due to high levels of salinity and nitrate and boron pollution, most of the ground water is inadequate for both domestic and agricultural consumption. The rapid rate of population growth in the Gaza Strip and dependence upon ground water as a single water source present a serious challenge for future political stability and economic development. Here, we integrate the results of geochemical studies and numerical modeling to postulate different management scenarios for joint management between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The chemical and isotopic data show that most of the salinity phenomena in the Gaza Strip are derived from the natural flow of saline ground water from Israel toward the Gaza Strip. As a result, the southern coastal aquifer does not resemble a classic "upstream-downstream" dispute because Israel's pumping of the saline ground water reduces the salinization rates of ground water in the Gaza Strip. Simulation of different pumping scenarios using a monolayer, hydrodynamic, two-dimensional model (MARTHE) confirms the hypothesis that increasing pumping along the Gaza Strip border combined with a moderate reduction of pumping within the Gaza Strip would improve ground water quality within the Gaza Strip. We find that pumping the saline ground water for a source of reverse-osmosis desalination and then supplying the desalinated water to the Gaza Strip should be an essential component of a future joint management strategy between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.     

2009年日本骏河湾地震后东海俯冲带上应力转移之探讨

日本西南部位于菲律宾海俯冲板块和欧亚上冲板块交界处。1944年和1946年,东南海和南海分别发生一次8级大逆冲型地震,但与该板块边界相邻的东海却仍保持闭锁状态[1]。因此,东海地区有可能会发生一次大逆冲型地震。2009年,骏河湾发生6.4级地震,地震位于菲律宾海俯冲板块内,靠近东海地区。在此,我们利用断层滑动模型来研究由骏河湾地震引起的应力变化[2]对东海地区的影响。我们发现在这次地震之后,板块边界的地震活动发生率有所上升。东海地区推测的强闭锁地段大都位于应力逐渐增大的地区。其中一小块闭锁地段的破裂——发生在地震应力达到临界值之后——就会引起整个东海地区的破裂,最终引发一场大逆冲型地震。     

EMPIRICAL-NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HEADCUT MIGRATION

1INTRODUCTION A headcut is a vertical or near-vertical drop or discontinuity on the channel bed of a stream,rill or gully,at which a free overfall flow often occurs,as shown in Fig.1.A headcut is usually eroded by the action of hydraulic stress,basal sapping,weathering,or the combination of these processes.Headcut erosion can accelerate soil loss,increase sediment yields in streams,damage earthen spillways,and disturb bank stability.Therefore,the prediction of headcut migration is a very …     

大地震多发于俯冲带和洋底断裂带的交叠区

全世界的大地震都发生在俯冲带,因为在俯冲带中,一个构造板块在另一个之下滑动.但是,俯冲区的哪些地方最有可能发生大地震呢?澳大利亚悉尼大学的科学家研究发现,海底断裂带与俯冲带的交叠区域发生大地震的风险高于其他区域.该项研究成果于2012年12月发表在欧洲地球科学联合会(EGU)的开放获取期刊Solid Earth上.     

PREDICTING RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION WITH 2D MODEL FLOODSIM

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