Quantification of the risk associated with high levels of mercury pollution at Temirtau, Kazakhstan

This research aims to establish the risks of hurnan exposure to modeling approach. The study site was located on the River Nura 1990s, an acetaldehyde production plant located in the industrial high environmental mercury levels, based on a quantitative risk in central Kazakhstan. From the 1950s until its closure in the mid city of Temirtau released mercury-containing wastewater into the river. River sediments are highly contaminated with mercury up to a distance of 25 km and beyond. In addition, a local power station released an estimated 6 million tonnes of fly-ash into the water and the mercury has become quite tightly associated with the ash deposits. River water, fish and agricultural land in the floodplain are also contaminated with mercury, yet the risks posed to the local population have not been evaluated to date. In June and July 2005, we took samples of soil, interior and exterior dust, drinking water, and food from individual households, communal areas and markets. Additionally, water and sediment samples and fish were taken from the river. Interviews were conducted with householders to establish their age and body weight, general living conditions and sources of irrigation and drinking water. A food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） was designed to investigate the frequencies of consumption of several common regional food items, including fish from the fiver and/or local market. Human hair samples were also collected to estimate the mercury bioburden and to enable the validity of the modeling approach to be established. The paper expands on the main pathways of contamination and looks at linkages between exposure pathways and mercury concentrations found in human hair. Uncertainties inherent in risk analysis as well as their influence on the relative importance of different exposure routes are also discussed.     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE LADAKH RANGE, NORTHWEST INDIAN HIMALAYA

OBSERVATIONS ON THE QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE LADAKH RANGE, NORTHWEST INDIAN HIMALAYA     

霍尔登（Horden）海洋污水放流管顶管工程

本文简要介绍了在英国东北部进行的污水放流工程中应用德国海瑞克隧道机械公司的ＶＮ１８００Ｄ双夹舱泥水平衡式顶和机组进行施工的情况。对该工程的导引系统,自动膨润注入系统,顶管系统和回收系统等作了较详细的报道。     

FLOW MECHANISMS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN COMPOUND CHANNELS

IINTRODUCTIONCompoundortWo-stagechannelshavereceivedconsiderableattentioninrecentyearsduetotheirrelevancetofloodstudiesinnaturalrivers,theirsignificanceinunderstandingrivermol'phology,andtheiruseinsomefloodalleviationschemeswherethefloodplainshavebeenartificiallyloweredtoproduceengineeredchannels.ThispaperreviewsworkwhichhasbeenundertakenintheUKFloodChannelFacility(FCF)overthepastdecade.TheACewasbuiltatHRWallingfordin1986,asalargescalenationalfacilityforhydraulicengineeringstUdies.T…     

东印度洋水体输运的季节变化及相关盐度变化

利用20年（1992-2012年）的ECCO2模式模拟数据,主要研究了东印度洋（EIO）水体输运的季节变化.在EIO选取3个断面,分别为赤道、80°E和6°N.研究结果表明,跨赤道和80°E的季节输运主体部分大致相补偿.跨赤道的大部分水体输运局限在上层100 m,80°E的水体输运具有复杂结构,与显著的季风流、Wyrtki Jets（WJs）、赤道潜流（EUC）等有关.6°N上层水体净输运较小,但存在较强的边界流和相对较弱的内区流.纬向流的显著变化发生在80°E.在季风盛行季节,由于WJs减弱,赤道附近的水体输运以西向的梯度流为主,上层100 m的其余区域则主要受季风流控制.同样,由于EUC减弱,西向的梯度流与次表层东向的EUC之间也存在转换.在季风转换季节,季风流减弱,WJs与EUC分别在上层100 m和次表层占主导地位.此外,本研究还讨论了与季风流、WJs和EUC相关的盐水和暖水交换,有助于了解研究区域内温度和盐度的水平和垂直结构.     

华北山区大气污染来源的初步探讨

本文仔细考察了华北—山地采样点获得的大气气溶胶元素浓度随气象条件的变化规律和各元素浓度之间的相互关系;发现,气溶胶中由人为污染物形成的那些颗粒物元素的浓度(特别是硫)相当高,其数值与在高度工业化的美国东北部和西欧的工业城市的观测结果相当;颗粒物流的浓度的变化与局地天气条件的变化之间相关性很差,整个观测期间硫的浓度波动也不大,这与地壳灰尘元素的变化规律完全不同。这表明,气溶胶硫污染已经成为较大范围的区域性问题,城市污染可能已影响到广大农村和山区。     

Derechos:大范围对流诱发的风暴

Derecho是指一种大范围对流诱发的风暴,它被辨别出来并用流行术语定义。70个derecho个例组成的综合数据库由1980—1983年四年间5—8月暖季资料构成。资料分析表明暖季derecho比较典型地来源于某个中尺度对流系统(MCS)。这个中尺度对流系统沿着以高位势不稳定和相对强的中对流层风为特征的环境中的一个低层准静止热边界移动。在美国大陆,这些风暴经常出现在南达科他东部到上俄亥俄河谷地带,而且比较典型的是在下午和晚上出现。雷达和卫星云图的特殊特征与孕育derecho的中尺度系统有关。根据与derecho事件有关的气象参数和天气形势,已经研究出一个判断树帮助气象业务人员预测derecho的发展。     

“长生鸟计划”概述——介绍一个行星边界层试验研究计划

1.引言美国海洋大气局(NOAA)波传播实验室(WPL)和美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)大气技术部(ATD)会同其它一些单位,于1978年9月在博尔德(Boulder)观象台(BAO)进行了一次大规模的野外试验,取名为“长生鸟计划”。该计划动用了装有探测仪器的飞机、地面气象网、雷达、激光雷达、声波探测器、微波辐射计、光学测风仪、无线电探空测风仪、定高气球以及为积累基本资料用的