杭州湾南岸潮滩的~(210)Pb分布及其沉积学意义

杭州湾南岸潮滩的~(210)Pb垂向分布具有随深度波动的特征。湖滩颗粒物在吸附模拟系统中的~(210)Pb分配系数,主要受颗粒物含量的影响。本文从潮滩沉积~(210)Pb初始比度在低于平衡点一侧波动的机理,以及被沉积间断所分隔的有效封闭段的存在出发,提出选择常态沉积层的高~(210)Pb比度窗口,建立以CIC模式估计潮滩沉积速率的方法。     

Origin of the hydrocarbon component of carbonaceous chondrites: the star-meteorite connection

We report the results of an experiment that produced a residue which closely matches the hydrocarbon component of the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. This experiment suggests that the parent material of the meteoritic component originated as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon species in carbon stars during their later stages of evolution. The experiments also indicate that the pathway from those formation sites to eventual incorporation into the meteorite parent body involved hydrogenation in a plasma in the solar nebula or in H II regions prior to the solar nebula. This model is consistent with what is known about the meteoritic hydrocarbon component including deuterium abundance, the observation of cosmic infrared emission bands best attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, and the inherent stability of these molecules that allows their formation in stars and subsequent survival in the interstellar medium.     

On the Disappearance of Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations at a High Mass Accretion Rate in Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries

We here investigate the possibility that the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) events observed above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) limit are mostly protons accelerated in reconnection sites just above the magnetosphere of newborn millisecond pulsars that are originated by accretion-induced collapse (AIC). We formulate the requirements for the acceleration mechanism and show that AIC pulsars with surface magnetic fields 1012 G/=10(20) eV. Because the expected rate of AIC sources in our Galaxy is very small ( approximately 10(-5) yr(-1)), the corresponding contribution to the flux of UHECRs is negligible and the total flux is given by the integrated contribution from AIC sources produced by the distribution of galaxies located within the distance that is unaffected by the GZK cutoff ( approximately 50 Mpc). We find that reconnection should convert a fraction xi greater, similar0.1 of magnetic energy into UHECRs in order to reproduce the observed flux.     

MONITORING POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENT POREWATER BY SPMD

A new mimic biological Semi-permeable Membrane Device (SPMD) introduced for sampling organic pollutants yielded satisfactory results when it was frrst used as a passive sampler to concentrate and determine 16 kinds of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of capillary GC on an HP 5890 GC-FID in coastal sediment perewater. The concentration of PAHs in sediment porewater for naphthalene(N), acenaphthlene(AL), acenaphthene (AE), fluorene (F), phenaphthene(P), anthracene(A), fluoranthene(FA), pyrene(Py), benzo[a]anthracene(B[a]A), chrysene(Chr), benzo[b] fluor- anthene(B[b]F), benzo[k]fluoranthene(B[k]F), benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P),indeno[1,2,3,-cd]-Pyrene(I[123]P), dibenz[a,h]anthracene(D[ab]A) and benzo[g,h,i] perylene(B[ghi]P) were:50.36, under detection limits(UD), 18.19, 8.41, 8.40, 1.44, UD, 8.01, 524.15, 168.47, 50.13,123.66, 63.48, 27.40, 82.04 and 58,81 ng/L, respectively.     

On the Spectral Index－Flux Density Relation for Large Samples of Radio Sources

We present new statistical results on the spectral index-flux density relation for large samples of radio sources using archival data of the most sensitive surveys, such as 6C, Miyun, WENSS, B3, NVSS, GB87. Instrumental selection effects and the completeness of the catalogs are discussed. Based on the spectral indices calculated for about 200 000 sources from the WENSS (327 MHz) and NVSS (1.4 GHz) catalogs, we obtained (1) The median spectral index increases from amed --0.9 toαmed --0.8 (Svαvα), while S327 flux densities decrease from 0.1 Jy down to 25mJy. The median spectral indices nearly show no variation within the error bars when the flux density is larger than 0.1 Jy. (2) A dependence of the fraction of ultra-steep spectrum sources (USS, -1.5 <α<-1.0), steep spectrum sources (SSS, -1.0 <α< -0.5) and flat spectrum sources (FSS, -0.5≤α≤0.0) is partly responsible for the spectral flattening. Another contribution to the spectral flattening comes from the variation of αmed of steep spectrum so     

Effect of Matching Algorithm and Profile Shape on Pulsar Pulse Time of Arrival Uncertainties

For high-precision pulsar timing analysis and low-frequency gravitational wave detection, it is essential to accurately determine pulsar pulse times of arrival(ToAs) and associated uncertainties. To measure the ToAs and their uncertainties, various cross-correlation-based techniques can be employed. We develop methodologies to investigate the impact of the template-matching method, profile shape, signal-to-noise ratio of both template and observation on ToA uncertainties. These methodologies are...     

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.     

台湾地区的三维P波和S波速度结构:岛弧-大陆碰撞带的深部结构

台湾岛是欧亚大陆架和属菲律宾海板块的吕宋岛弧向北延伸形成的弧形列岛间少有的活动碰撞产物。为了更好地认识这个碰撞的演化和近代构造,我们从台湾遥测地震台网记录的50000个原始记录中挑选了1260个好的地震记录,用于决定该岛下的一维和三维P与S波速度结构。速度结构和地震再定位的结果指出,该岛在构造上分为三个不同的地带。在东部,菲律宾海板块正俯冲于欧亚板块的东部,其北西向边界由地震活动和高速度区圈定。在南部,欧亚大陆板块正俯冲于菲律宾海板块,在大约23°N的东西向边界的南端,它可由壳下地震活动性和相当低的速度区很好地圈定。消减大陆的倾角很小,在吕宋岛弧东边,距主要岛屿50 km内都是这样。在该岛23°N以北的主要部分的结构指出,中央山脉的西部25 km的深度以上有一低速度缓倾带,而在那个深度以下,至少到50 km,呈现窄而陡的倾斜。由窄地震活动带勾画出该低速区的倾向,并延伸到100 km。这个地震带处于速度的鞍部,在24°N的中部低速区呈现明显的断错。因而,欧亚大陆消减带在台湾的证据在该岛下处处存在,地幔低速区证实,但未必需要,在大陆下地壳约6—16 km的消减带至少已达50 km的深度。在23°N速度结构和地震活动性的明显变化及在24°N低速范围的水平断错表明,在通过这些纬度时,消减带特性有突然变化。这些变化可以是吕宋岛弧和消减大陆架相互作用引起,它类似于表面的相互影响。最后,消减的菲律宾海板块的速度结构指出,在70 km深度以下,地震不在板块的高速区内发生,但有可能处于板块的上缘附近。地震位置和速度结构也指出,消减板块是分段的,而且消减作用当今正在22°N的南部发生。     

德国Laacher See火山响岩中微量元素丰度和其矿物/溶体的分配系数

采自西德Eifel东Laachef Sce晚第四系具不同成份分带的火山碎屑岩层的二十六个全岩、七个基质和五十三个单矿物样品用中子活化仪器进行了分析。这些资料表明喷发前Laacher See岩浆房内的化学变化与其它资料导出的一致。岩浆房顶部是高度分异的晌岩,底部是富含铁镁质的响岩。一些不相容元素如Zn、Zr、Nb、Hf、U、LREE和HREE在顶部相当富集,而相容元素如Sr、Sc、Co、Eu强烈地亏损。中等可溶元素Ta和一些MREE在中间层位被耗损。全岩和基质资料表明,响岩溶体在化学成分上的分带性与斑晶含量无关。混染岩(响岩—碧玄岩)中相容元素的丰度最大。所有元素(除Rb外)对于浮岩地层层位来说,都出现连续的成份变化。依据这些资料我们能划分出三个主要的单元:早期喷出的高度分异岩浆,发生演化的响主体和作为最终产物的铁镁质响岩。九个矿物相的微量元素分配系数(K)的巨大变化就地层层位而论不能用常规的机制进行解释。我们假定响向岩熔体中微量元素含量的明显变化由结晶作用控制着分异作用,而分异同时和(或)之后的液—液两相分异作用所控制。这又引起了斑晶和主岩基质之间不平衡。所以分配系数不同于平衡分配系数,相当于后期结晶作用总和。不同于基质成份。这样,就能利用△K—△M图(K的变化相对于M的变化关系图)讨论变化的分配系数K和基质M之间的关系。这个图的不同部分与不同参数有关(T、P、聚合作用,杂岩建造,分带岩浆柱中的平衡结晶作用晚期结晶作用和非平衡效应),这些参数能大体说明分配系数变化的原因。△K—△M图能够区别由分异岩浆系统产生的天然火山岩中影响分配系数的不同作用。