首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   117篇
  免费   1篇
  国内免费   2篇
测绘学   1篇
大气科学   6篇
地球物理   36篇
地质学   44篇
海洋学   6篇
天文学   5篇
自然地理   22篇
  2021年   1篇
  2018年   3篇
  2016年   3篇
  2014年   2篇
  2013年   9篇
  2011年   5篇
  2010年   4篇
  2009年   5篇
  2008年   2篇
  2007年   3篇
  2006年   2篇
  2005年   5篇
  2004年   5篇
  2003年   1篇
  2002年   4篇
  2001年   2篇
  2000年   1篇
  1999年   3篇
  1998年   5篇
  1997年   2篇
  1996年   1篇
  1995年   3篇
  1994年   3篇
  1993年   2篇
  1992年   3篇
  1991年   5篇
  1990年   2篇
  1988年   2篇
  1986年   3篇
  1985年   2篇
  1984年   1篇
  1981年   3篇
  1980年   3篇
  1979年   2篇
  1978年   5篇
  1977年   4篇
  1976年   1篇
  1974年   1篇
  1973年   1篇
  1972年   1篇
  1968年   1篇
  1947年   1篇
  1946年   1篇
  1934年   2篇
排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 843 毫秒
11.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed to amend federal regulations to require vadose zone monitoring at certain hazardous waste facilities. To support this proposal, EPA evaluated previous policy on vadose zone monitoring and examined advances in vadose zone monitoring technology. Changes in EPA vadose zone monitoring policy were driven by demonstrated advances in the available monitoring technology and improvements in understanding of vadose zone processes/When used under the appropriate conditions, currently available direct and indirect monitoring methods can effectively detect contamination that may leak from hazardous waste facilities into the vadose zone. Direct techniques examined include soil-core monitoring and soil-pore liquid monitoring. Indirect techniques examined include soil-gas monitoring, neutron moderation, complex resistivity, ground-penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity. Properly designed vadose zone monitoring networks can act as a complement to saturated zone monitoring networks at numerous hazardous waste facilities. At certain facilities, particularly those in arid climates where the saturated zone is relatively deep, effective vadose zone monitoring may allow a reduction in the scope of saturated zone monitoring programs.  相似文献   
12.
The paper reviews recent works on the Broken Hill ore body to see what data is available on the origin and history of the ore. A high grade metamorphism is recognizable (the Willyama Metamorphism) and this was followed by a number of retrograde metamorphic events. The characteristics of these events is described and this is followed by an analysis of the hypothesis that there is a stratigraphic control of Broken Hill type mineralization. It is concluded that any control that does exist is of a regional nature and that the evidence is equally as good for a restriction of mineralization to areas of high grade metamorphism. Many of the isotopic and geochronological results for Broken Hill are not diagnostic as far as ore genesis is concerned. They do present an internally consistent set of data that records three major events, the Willyama Metamorphism and introduction of the Broken Hill type mineralization at 1700 m. y., the intrusion of the Mundi Mundi Granite and cross cutting pegmatites at 1560 m. y., and retrograde metamorphism and introduction of the Thackaringa Mineralization at or prior to 500 m.y. The sulphides have been deformed in the retrograde schist zones and the ore therefore predates this event. But there is no evidence at the moment that unambiguously establishes that the sulphides were present prior to the Willyama Metamorphism. If it was present prior to or during the Willyama Metamorphism and there is no period of deformation prior to the first recognizable folds at Broken Hill, then the sulphide mass was initially grossly discordant with bedding.
Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit bringt Ergebnisse der neuesten Untersuchungen über die Broken-Hill-Lagerstätte anschließend an einen Überblick früherer Arbeiten. Der intensiven Willyama-Metamorphose folgen verschiedene retrograde Vorgänge, über die Einzelheiten mitgeteilt werden. Ferner wird die Hypothese einer stratigraphischen Kontrolle der Vererzung einer Prüfung unterzogen und festgestellt, daß die maßgeblichen Frakturen regionaler Natur sein müssen und daß die Beobachtungen somit eine Annahme der Vererzung der hochmetamorphen Gebiete ebenso stark stützt. Viele Resultate von Isotopenzusammensetzungen und geochronologischen Untersuchungen sind für Broken Hill nicht diagnostisch, wenigstens was die Erzgenese betrifft. Sie belegen 3 Hauptereignisse: die Willyama-Metamorphose und den Beginn der Vererzung um 1700.106a, die Intrusion des Mundi Mundi Granits und querschlägiger Pegmatite um 1560.106a und eine retrograde Metamorphose und den Eintritt der Thackaringa-Vererzung um oder vor 500.106a. Die Sulfide sind in der Zone der retrograden Schiefer deformiert worden, was beweist, daß die Vererzung älter ist als dieses Ereignis. Es gibt aber z. Z. keinen Beweis, daß die Sulfide vor der Willyama Metamorphose vorhanden gewesen sind. Wenn sie vor oder während dieses Ereignisses vorhanden gewesen sind und wenn vor der Zeit der ersten deutlichen Falten in Broken Hill keine Deformation stattgefunden hat, dann war die Sulfidmasse ursprünglich in der Schichtung stark diskordant.
  相似文献   
13.
We consider the destructive effects of encounters between binaries and red giant stars in the Galactic Centre. Such encounters may explain the observed depletion of luminous red giants within the central 0.2 pc of the galaxy. We consider encounters involving 2- and 8-M⊙ red giants, and thus span the range of stellar masses contributing to the most luminous red giants observed in the Galactic Centre. To explore the phase space of encounters thoroughly, we simulate 18 × 103 encounters using a modified four-body code in which the red giant core and components of the binary are treated as point masses, and where the envelope configuration is assumed to remain static throughout the encounter. We then rerun a small number of encounters with a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code to confirm the reliability of conclusions drawn from the four-body runs. We see two possible pathways to red giant destruction. A large fraction of encounters lead to the formation of common-envelope systems, where two compact objects (drawn from the red giant core and the components of the original binary) form a binary within a common gaseous envelope, whilst the third body is ejected. The destruction of the red giant will then follow when the envelope is ejected as the binary hardens. In a smaller number of encounters, the intruding binary passes through the star and ejects the red giant core from the envelope. The red giant envelope will then disperse on short time-scales. We compute the time-scales for both of these processes to occur in the Galactic Centre for a variety of binary populations.  相似文献   
14.
R. H. Vernon 《Lithos》1978,11(4):283-289
High-grade metapelitic gneisses rich in cordierite and K-feldspar at Cooma, N.S.W., Australia, show microstructural evidence of partial to complete replacement of cordierite grains with biotite inclusions by fine-grained, symplectic intergrowths of andalusite, biotite and quartz. The replacement occurred during the later stages of the history of the Cooma Complex, under retrograde conditions. An equation for the local reaction: cordierite+red-brown biotite+H2O+K+ andalusite+green-brown biotite+quartz+H+ can be balanced approximately, using compositions obtained from microprobe analyses of the minerals involved. The volumes occupied by the solid reactants and solid products are nearly identical. The potassium and water were derived from an unknown external source, possibly connected with the replacement of K-feldspar by muscovite in nearby rocks.  相似文献   
15.
Clear evidence exists for a cordierite breakdown reaction to amphibole-kyanite-quartz in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Arunta Complex, Australia. Using the natural minerals this reaction has been duplicated experimentally. It proceeds over a divariant band with a slope of 12±4 bars/°C, occurring between 8 and 10.4 kb at 750° C and between 9.5 and 11.3 kb at 850°C. The reaction is cut off at low temperature by the appearance of talc and at high temperature by the appearance of orthopyroxene. The maximum pressure stability of the amphibole-kyanite-quartz assemblage is about 20 kb. These data suggest that the natural rock was subjected to pressures of at least 8 kb at 750–850° C for high water fugacities. Other experimental data on the hydration of hypersthene and cordierite-hypersthene stability, point to a temperature below 820° C and an upper pressure limit of 9.5 kb at 750–820°C. Experiments at \(P_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}\) total indicate that the breakdown of cordierite to amphibole-kyanite-quartz is a hydration reaction, and occurred in the natural rock as a result of an increase of water fugacity at constant total pressure (8–9.5 kb) and temperature (750–820°C).  相似文献   
16.
The temporal variability in currents, temperature, and particulate matter concentration were measured in the Mississippi Canyon axis where the thalweg was 300 m deep from May–July and August–November 1998 using current meters, thermographs, a light-scattering sensor, and sediment traps. Canyon sediments were sampled by coring and observed using an ROV video camera. Currents in the upper Mississippi Canyon generally oscillated up/down canyon with diurnal periodicity and were bottom-intensified. Mean current speed at 3.5 mab was approximately 8 cm s?1 during both deployments, reaching maximum speeds of over 50 cm s?1 under normal conditions. Based on current velocities, critical bed shear stress for resuspension of canyon-floor sediments was exceeded about 30% of the time during both deployments. In late September, Hurricane Georges passed 150 km NE of the study site, significantly intensifying current velocities, bed shear stress, resuspension, trap fluxes and temperature fluctuations. As the hurricane passed, maximum current speed reached 68 cm?s and temperature decreased ~7 °C in less than two hours. Critical bed shear stress for sediment resuspension was exceeded approximately 50% of the time during the five days of hurricane influence. Further evidence for sediment resuspension was the five-fold (and perhaps 70–130 fold) increase in trap fluxes and compositional similarities between canyon surface sediment and material collected by traps.  相似文献   
17.
18.
Understanding the diverse ways that landscape connectivity influences the distribution of microbial species is central to managing the spread and persistence of numerous biological invasions. Here, we use geospatial analytics to examine the degree to which the hydrologic connectivity of landscapes influences the transport of passively dispersed microbes, using the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum as a case study. Pathogen occurrence was analyzed at 280 stream baiting stations across a range of watersheds – exposed to variable inoculum pressure – in California over a 7-year period (2004–2010). Using logistic regression, we modeled the probability of pathogen occurrence at a baiting station based on nine environmental variables. We developed a novel geospatial approach to quantify the hydrologic connectivity of host vegetation and inoculum pressure derived from least cost distance analyses in each watershed. We also examined the influence of local environmental conditions within the immediate neighborhood of a baiting station. Over the course of the sampling period, the pathogen was detected at 67 baiting stations associated with coastal watersheds with mild climate conditions, steep slopes, and higher levels of inoculum pressure. At the watershed scale, hydrologic landscape connectivity was a key predictor of pathogen occurrence in streams after accounting for variation in climate and exposure to inoculum. This study illustrates a geospatial approach to modeling the degree to which hydrologic systems play a role in shaping landscape structures conducive for the transport of passively dispersed microbes in heterogeneous watersheds.  相似文献   
19.
Many atmospheric measurement systems, such as the sounding instruments on Voyager, gather atmospheric information in the form of temperature versus pressure level. In these terms, there is considerable consistency among the mean atmospheric profiles of the outer planets Jupiter through Neptune, including Titan. On a given planet or on Titan, the range of variability of temperature versus pressure level due to seasonal, latitudinal, and diurnal variations is also not large. However, many engineering needs for atmospheric models relate not to temperature versus pressure level but atmospheric density versus geometric altitude. This need is especially true for design and analysis of aerocapture systems. Drag force available for aerocapture is directly proportional to atmospheric density. Available aerocapture “corridor width” (allowable range of atmospheric entry angle) also depends on height rate of change of atmospheric density, as characterized by density scale height. Characteristics of hydrostatics and the gas law equation mean that relatively small systematic differences in temperature versus pressure profiles can integrate at high altitudes to very large differences in density versus altitude profiles. Thus, a given periapsis density required to accomplish successful aerocapture can occur at substantially different altitudes (∼150-300 km) on the various outer planets, and significantly different density scale heights (∼20-50 km) can occur at these periapsis altitudes. This paper will illustrate these effects and discuss implications for improvements in atmospheric measurements to yield significant impact on design of aerocapture systems for future missions to Titan and the outer planets. Relatively small-scale atmospheric perturbations, such as gravity waves, tides, and other atmospheric variations can also have significant effect on design details for aerocapture guidance and control systems. This paper will discuss benefits that would result from improved understanding of Titan and outer planetary atmospheric perturbation characteristics. Details of recent engineering-level atmospheric models for Titan and Neptune will be presented, and effects of present and future levels of atmospheric uncertainty and variability characteristics will be examined.  相似文献   
20.
The concept of Roche lobe overflow is fundamental to the theory of interacting binaries. Based on potential theory, it is dependent on all the relevant material corotating in a single frame of reference. Therefore if the mass losing star is asynchronous with the orbital motion or the orbit is eccentric, the simple theory no longer applies and no exact analytical treatment has been found. We use an analytic approximation whose predictions are largely justified by smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations (SPH). We present SPH simulations of binary systems with the same semi-major axis   a = 5.55 R  , masses   M 1= 1 M, M 2= 2 M  and radius   R 1= 0.89 R  for the primary star but with different eccentricities   e = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6  and 0.7. In each case the secondary star is treated as a point mass. When   e = 0.4  no mass is lost from the primary while at   e = 0.7  catastrophic mass transfer, partly through the L2 point, takes place near periastron. This would probably lead to common-envelope evolution if star 1 were a giant or to coalescence for a main-sequence star. In between, at   e ≥ 0.5  , some mass is lost through the L1 point from the primary close to periastron. However, rather than being all accreted by the secondary, some of the stream appears to leave the system. Our results indicate that the radius of the Roche lobe is similar to circular binaries when calculated for the separation and angular velocity at periastron. Part of the mass loss occurs through the L2 point.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号