在大数据背景下看TAS分类的不足及可能的解决方案

火山岩TAS分类是国际地质科学联合会在1989年第28届国际地质大会上通过的,迄今已经40年了。该分类对推进岩石学和地球化学的研究起了积极的作用,规范了岩石(尤其火山岩)的命名,方便了学术界的交流。但是,不能不承认,早先的研究,由于分析方法、分析技术以及数据量的限制,是存在某些局限性的。现在,全球已积累了海量的数据,应当有条件对火山岩的分类做一个新的探讨了。文中讨论了TAS分类的初衷、分类的原则及存在的问题,推出了新的TAS分类方案。早先的分类一共划分了15个岩区,新的方案压缩为10个,其中9个保留了早先的命名,新增一个碱流岩区。新的TAS图最大的变化在碱性岩系列,在新的TAS图中,碱性岩系列呈"人"字形分布,把粗玄岩系列封闭起来,弥补了早先的TAS分类在酸性岩部分的不足,还发现TAS图理论上可能存在的一些问题。本文的探讨是初步的,只是抛砖引玉,希望能够引起学术界的关注,开启利用大数据方法对TAS分类的新的研究。     

浅水半潜型浮式风机基础概念设计与模型试验研究

目前我国海上风电开发主要集中在近海海域。我国近海海域水深相对较浅,在浅水非线性波浪载荷作用下,浮式基础动力响应呈现显著非线性特性,导致浮式风机基础及其系泊系统设计极具挑战。针对我国近海浅水海域环境条件,基于半潜型浮式风机基础概念SPIC,采用参数化建模与优化方法,开展了42 m水深条件下半潜型浮式风机基础概念设计,并在海洋工程水池开展1∶50缩尺模型试验。模型试验的结果表明：半潜式浮式风机基础概念设计具有稳定性好、动力性能优良等优点,浮式基础纵摇运动、机舱加速度等指标满足规范要求。模型试验结果验证了该概念的可行性。     

宜昌煤系煅烧高岭土表面改性及其在电缆胶料中的应用

利用硅烷/脂肪酸复配偶联剂对煤系煅烧高岭土进行表面改性实验,通过红外光谱分析和活化率测定表明,硅烷偶联剂接枝到煅烧高岭土表面,改性的煅烧高岭土由亲水性变为亲油性;实验中探讨了煅烧高岭土的粒度和填充量对电缆胶料物理机械性能的影响.表面改性的煅烧高岭土用于电缆胶料,能明显提高其物理机械性能,各项指标达到或超过有关技术标准.     

Investigation of structures in the Alabanda Bouleuterion by electrical resistivity method

The workspace as Bouleuterion (parliament house) is located in the ancient city of Alabanda far approximately 7 km from Aydin, Çine. The works on the city plan are still continued by the Department of Archeology in Adnan Menderes University. In this work, a geophysical study based on electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) approach is used to bring out the existence of the buried structures and situations of ruins in Bouleuterion. This study is a good example of implementation of the electrical resistivity method to the archeology in a specific area (Bouleuterion). Furthermore, the paper shows to researchers practically advantages and disadvantages of Wenner and dipole-dipole arrays that widely used in archeological prospection. Also with this work, a Bouleuterion has been subject of a geophysical article for the first time. By archeology and geophysics evaluations, it is proved that these ruins such as the cavea, stage, orchestra, and entrances are parts of the Bouleuterion.     

Effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in Zonguldak hard coal region in Turkey

Gallerias are the underground constructed results of mining. As these space in underground layers collapse, horizontal and vertical ground movements occur and movement which may reach the earth’s surface are known as mining subsidence. The result of underground displacement may cause surface ground movement which can be detrimental to masonry buildings especially in hard coal regions. Thorough familiarity with general and regional characteristics of an affected area can assist reduction of the effects. Zonguldak and the nearby settlement area, with a population of 300,000, constitute the centre of a hard coal basin where extensive mining has a history extending through 160 years. Mining constitutes the main economic activity in this region, and consequently influences every aspect of life. This study’s intent is to identify the effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in the mining area of Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey and illustrate them with selected images of damaged masonry buildings. Also included are satellite and mining galleria images.     

一维到三维密度分布函数及其可视化在大数据分析中的应用——以苦橄质玄武岩等为例

提出不同维度的密度分布函数的计算方法和可视化方案,以解决不同数量级和不同测量误差的岩石样本数据分析对比困难的问题。通过SiO_2、全碱和MgO指标的三维密度分布函数和t-分布随机邻域嵌入可视化方法对GEOROC和PETDB数据库进行发掘,发现大洋岩(oceanite)和富辉橄玄岩(ankaramite)与苦橄质玄武岩(basalt, picritic)成分相近,而铁质苦橄岩(picrite,ferro)与侵入的橄榄辉长岩和苦橄岩(picrite)成分相似。利用二维密度分布函数和可视化技术,对比分析了不同岩石在TAS图解和硅镁图上的数据分布状态和数据集中核心区域。发现总体分布上,更富镁的苦橄岩的SiO_2含量高于苦橄质玄武岩,超基性的苦橄岩(picrate)核心区域主要分布在TAS图解的B区,这与以SiO_2=45%划分基性岩和超基性岩界线的观点矛盾。     

菏泽市企业用地难题的因素和解决措施

根据菏泽市土地资源利用情况,分析企业在用地过程中存在的问题,以及影响项目落地的主要因素,出台有关用地政策,解决企业用地难题,推进土地节约集约利用,拓宽发展空间,建立失地农民社会保障制度,提升项目档次和利用指标以及城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策等措施,更好地促进经济健康有序发展。     

球粒状(綠)帘石的结构特征与成因

球粒状(綠)帘石产出于四川雷波基性火山碎屑岩的晶洞或层间裂隙中,与其共生的有石英、赤铁矿等矿物.镜下研究表明,绿帘石至少有2个世代,第一世代(綠)帘石呈浅(綠)色的针状体,集合体为菊花状;第二世代(綠)帘石呈暗(綠)色的柱状或楔形,集合体为球粒状或椭球状.它们都由球核与球枝两部分组成,两者间有明显的接触界线,表明球核与球枝不是同时结晶的产物,而是有先后形成关系.EPMA分析表明绿帘石成分中普遍含有较高的SrO(0.51%～1.13%),与其共生的水晶晶体的流体包裹体测温及拉曼光谱分析表明,气液包裹体主要由H2O及微量CH4组成,,(綠)帘石属低温(164～177℃)与低盐度(7.31%～7.73%)的热液产物.(綠)帘石的球粒是在低温、过饱和度大、环境条件转变时快速结晶形成的.     

Usefulness of electrical and magnetic methods in finding buried structure of the Alabanda Ancient Cistern in Çine Town,Aydın City,Turkey

In this paper, the Electrical Resistivity Tomography and magnetic methods, including Tilt Angle and Euler Deconvolution, have been used in a comperative manner to determine the lineaments and depths of buried archeological structures. The zero contours of the tilt angle correspond to the boundaries of buried structures and the half distance between ±π/4 rad corresponds to the depth to the top of the structures. Also, in order to estimate the positions and depths of buried structures in the study area, the Euler Deconvolution method was applied to the total magnetic field data. All of the methods have a good correlation about determination of the horizontal locations and depths of the buried structures. The archeological excavations based on the geophysical investigations have demonstrated that the buried structure is an ancient cistern building because of the unearthed pools. Therefore, the interpretations of the geophysical methods and fiction of the paper were made according to the ancient cistern building. With this study, a buried ancient cistern structure was modeled and revealed by the geophysical methods for the first time. Additionally, using of these geophysical techniques in a comparative manner for the archaeogeophysical work will greatly contribute to future studies.     

渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩有机质孔隙发育特征:基于聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术

页岩中的有机质孔隙对烃类气体的赋存至关重要。为了明确渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩的有机质孔隙发育特征,使用聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术进行观察。FIB-HIM具有极高的分辨率,分辨精度可达到亚纳米级,能够有效识别直径为0~20 nm的孔隙。结果表明:龙马溪组页岩的焦沥青内部发育大量的有机质孔隙,孔隙直径大,连通性好,大量较小直径的孔隙嵌套在直径较大的有机质孔隙中,增加了页岩有机质孔隙系统的比表面积和孔隙连通性,有利于烃类气体在页岩有机质孔隙内的赋存及有效渗流。龙马溪组页岩的固体干酪根内部有机质孔隙的发育特征与焦沥青相比存在较大差别,固体干酪根内部发育的有机质孔隙数量少,孔隙直径小,连通性差,孔隙多呈孤立状存在于固体干酪根内部。