Fast map matching,an algorithm integrating hidden Markov model with precomputation

Wide deployment of global positioning system (GPS) sensors has generated a large amount of data with numerous applications in transportation research. Due to the observation error, a map matching (MM) process is commonly performed to infer a path on a road network from a noisy GPS trajectory. The increasing data volume calls for the design of efficient and scalable MM algorithms. This article presents fast map matching (FMM), an algorithm integrating hidden Markov model with precomputation, and provides an open-source implementation. An upper bounded origin-destination table is precomputed to store all pairs of shortest paths within a certain length in the road network. As a benefit, repeated routing queries known as the bottleneck of MM are replaced with hash table search. Additionally, several degenerate cases and a problem of reverse movement are identified and addressed in FMM. Experiments on a large collection of real-world taxi trip trajectories demonstrate that FMM has achieved a considerable single-processor MM speed of 25,000–45,000 points/second varying with the output mode. Investigation on the running time of different steps in FMM reveals that after precomputation is employed, the new bottleneck is located in candidate search, and more specifically, the projection of a GPS point to the polyline of a road edge. Reverse movement in the result is also effectively reduced by applying a penalty.     

基于多波束声呐的同时定位与地图构建

对自主水下航行器定位与建图进行了研究。分析了 SLAM 的算法原理,采用 BlueROV2 和声呐、 DVL、IMU 搭建了实验平台,并选择合适的算法框架完成了完整的算法设计。使用声呐为主要感知单元完成自主水下航行器的 SLAM 实验,并对声呐数据的杂波、野值、虚警等进行了滤波处理。最后,在水池、湖泊试验中对所研究的 SLAM 算法的定位与建图进行了验证,取得了良好的试验结果。     

A new heuristic approach to one-dimensional stock-cutting problems with multiple stock lengths in ship production

One-dimensional stock-cutting problem is a commonly encountered problem not only in shipbuilding and construction of coastal structures, but also in other engineering applications related to production and construction. The proposed approach achieves results using cutting patterns directly whereas analytical methods first need to establish a mathematical model. While obtaining ideal solutions of the analytical methods, the new approach limits the wastage to a minimum number of stock materials. In addition, the new approach allows the use of different sized stock materials while it creates various options for the use of single sized stock materials. Use of different sized stock materials broadens the point of view for the solution compared to the use of single sized stock material. Moreover, the new method yields integer results whereas the analytical methods using linear programming usually produce impractical non-integer results. To obtain integer results, the analytical methods need to solve the problem multiple times and screen the alternative solutions.     

Inhomogeneous Cylindrically-Symmetric Models with Varying Cosmological Term

We consider Einstein's equations with variable cosmological constant in the presence of a perfect fluid for the inhomogeneous cylindrically-symmetric space–time. We find two solutions under this conditions and analyze our solutions with respect to the constants.     

Grid interpolation algorithm based on nearest neighbor fast search

The nearest neighbor search algorithm is one of the major factors that influence the efficiency of grid interpolation. This paper introduces a KD-tree that is a two-dimensional index structure for use in grid interpolation. It also proposes an improved J-nearest neighbor search strategy based on ??priority queue?? and ??neighbor lag?? concepts. In the strategy, two types of J-nearest neighbor search algorithms can be used; these algorithms correspond to the consideration of a fixed number of points and a fixed radius. By using the KD-tree and proposed strategy, interpolation can be performed with methods such as Inverse Distance Weighting and Kriging. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms has high operating efficiency, especially when the data amount is enormous, and high practical value for increasing the efficiency of grid interpolation.     

Hydrochemical and isotopic properties of Heybeli geothermal area (Afyon,Turkey)

The thermal waters at the Heybeli (K?z?lkirse) low-temperature geothermal field located in the Afyonkarahisar Province (western Turkey) are discharged from Paleozoic recrystallized limestone. The temperature, specific electrical conductivity, and pH values of the thermal waters are within the range of 28.9 to 54.7 °C, 587 to 3580 μS/cm, and 6.32 to 7.37, respectively. The Heybeli geothermal system is fed by meteoric waters. The waters are heated at depth by high geothermal gradient caused by the neotectonic activity in the deep and ascend to the surface through fractures and faults by convection. The thermal waters are of Na-Ca-HCO₃-SO₄ type and their chemical composition of the waters is mainly controlled by water-rock interaction and mixing processes. The δ¹⁸O, δ²H and tritium compositions show that the thermal waters are of meteoric origin and the residence time at the reservoir is longer than 50 years. Isotope data (δ³⁴S and δ¹³C) indicate recrystallized limestones as origin of CO₂ and structural substitution of sulfate into marine carbonates (CAS) as origin of sulfur. Chemical, \( {\updelta}^{18}{\mathrm{O}}_{\left({\mathrm{SO}}_4-{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\right)} \) isotope geothermometers and mineral equilibrium diagrams applied to thermal waters gave reservoir temperatures between 62 and 115 °C. Saturation index calculations show that the most expected minerals causing scaling at outflow conditions during the production and utilization of Heybeli geothermal waters are calcite, aragonite, dolomite, quartz, and chalcedony.     

Progress and evaluation of international climate change cooperation北大核心CSCD

气候变化是当前世界面临的巨大挑战,应对气候变化需要国际间合作已成为普遍共识。IPCC第六次评估报告(AR6)第三工作组(WGⅢ)报告第十四章回顾了IPCC第五次评估报告(AR5)以来气候变化国际合作的进展,基于所提出的评价体系对进展进行了系统评估。报告认为,AR5以来气候变化国际合作最重要的进展是基于《巴黎协定》建立的以国家自主贡献为核心的全球行动模式;除《巴黎协定》外,国际上也形成了多种形式的合作机制,其中,气候俱乐部是国际气候合作研究的新热点。对于《巴黎协定》的有效性,目前国际社会存在正反两种观点,并认为《巴黎协定》能否达成既定目标取决于是否有能力强化全球下一步的集体气候行动目标和实施。     

重庆綦江白垩系夹关组遗迹化石及其沉积环境

遗迹化石大都是原地埋藏,研究遗迹化石在古环境、古气候、古海洋和古生态等方面的重建具有重要的意义。綦江国家地质公园老瀛山园区夹关组地层中已发现的无脊椎动物遗迹化石经鉴定包括1大类3属3种,分别为觅食迹Scoyenia gracilis(纤细斯柯茵迹)、Beconites antarcticus(南极似塔形迹)和Planolites beverleyensis(贝弗利漫游迹)。这些遗迹化石都属于Scoyenia遗迹相,代表了研究区在白垩纪夹关期为间断性暴露地表的河漫滩或者滨浅湖环境。     

浙江临安石室寺NYF型伟晶岩中稀有稀土金属的矿物学行为与成矿过程

浙江临安石室寺伟晶岩位于河桥岩体西北面，属于典型的Nb-Y-F （NYF） 型伟晶岩，富含大量稀有稀土矿物。本文在野外考察和显微镜观察的基础上，结合电子探针背散射电子图像观察与矿物化学成分分析，系统鉴定了石室寺NYF 型伟晶岩中的稀有稀土矿物，揭示了稀有稀土元素的富集、迁移、结晶与成矿过程。研究结果表明：（1） 石室寺伟晶岩中的稀有稀土矿物有铌钽矿物（铌铁矿、铌锰矿、重钽铁矿、细晶石等）、钇矿物（褐钇铌矿、黑稀金矿）、钨矿物（黑钨矿、 白钨矿、铌钨矿物）、铈矿物（独居石、氟铈矿、氟碳铈矿） 和钍矿物等。（2） 铌钨系列矿物的WO3含量在8.30~70.51 wt%之间呈规律变化，可能为铌铁矿与黑钨矿之间形成的一系列多体矿物。（3） 铌铁矿LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 定年结果显示，石室寺伟晶岩的形成年龄为133±2 Ma，与河桥花岗岩具有成因联系。（4） 石室寺NYF 型伟晶岩中稀有稀土元素的成矿过程与其岩浆的结晶演化密切相关：岩浆阶段，锆石、钍石与独居石等矿物最早晶出；岩浆—热液阶段，黑稀金矿、铌铁矿、褐钇铌矿、氟铈矿等稀有稀土矿物逐渐结晶；热液阶段，黑钨矿、铌钨矿物相继形成，同时早期的独居石、氟铈矿受晚期热液交代形成次生铈矿物。     

云南易门铜厂铜矿床碳酸盐矿物微量元素组成研究

易门铜厂矿床是云南易门铜矿带中的一个大-中型铜矿床,矿区存在早期沉积-成岩型和晚期热液脉状型2种铜矿类型。为深入阐明2种矿化类型的成矿作用特征,文章分别选取落雪组白云岩及层状矿石中的白云石和热液脉状矿石中的方解石,采用ICP-MS等方法,对其开展碳酸盐矿物的微量及稀土元素地球化学研究。研究结果显示：在微量元素组成方面,沉积-成岩型的白云石以富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Ba、Bi、Sb、Ga、Ag,亏损Mo、Cr、Ni、Co、V元素为特征,脉状方解石中则以亏损亲硫元素（Cu、Pb、Zn）和不相容元素（Ba、Be、Rb、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、U等）,富集V、Co、Ni元素为特征;在稀土元素组成上,二者稀土元素总量均较低,具不同程度的Eu负异常和微弱的Ce正异常,但在稀土元素配分模式上,白云石为明显右倾的轻稀土元素富集模式,方解石则为轻稀土元素略富集,中稀土元素富集的缓右倾或平缓型配分模式。综合分析结果认为,2类脉石矿物是不同成矿系统的产物,白云石形成于正常浅海环境,为沉积-成岩成因,成矿物质的壳源特征明显。方解石为后期热液成因,有深源物质参与成矿。层状矿体与脉状矿体不具"同期+同源"的特征。