生物炭对岩溶区黄龙病脐橙园土壤N2O排放的影响

岩溶区黄龙病柑橘园土壤氮转化存在特殊性。土壤改良剂生物炭对岩溶区黄龙病柑橘园土壤N2O排放的影响及其微生物调节途径目前尚不清楚。本文通过室内培育试验研究了生物炭添加对岩溶区黄龙病脐橙园土壤N2O排放、土壤氮素净硝化率/矿化率、硝化和反硝化功能基因的影响及其相互关系。结果表明, 添加生物炭改变了土壤氮素净硝化率/矿化率、反硝化相关功能基因nosZ和硝化相关功能基因AOA-amoA、AOB-amoA的丰度, 添加量为2%时是多数指标增长的峰值, 与对照差异显著。添加生物炭降低了岩溶区脐橙园土壤N2O的平均排放速率和累积排放量, 但各处理间差异不显著。DCA排序显示生物炭添加不同处理N2O的排放速率主要受NH+ 4-N含量、nirK丰度、nosZ丰度的负向影响, NO– 3-N含量和AOA-amoA丰度的正向影响。若要进一步提升生物炭对该土壤的减排效果, 应注意提升土壤NH+ 4-N水平和反硝化相关功能基因丰度, 抑制土壤NO– 3-N水平和硝化相关功能基因AOA-amoA的丰度。本研究结果可为岩溶区黄龙病柑橘园土壤N2O减排及调节机制研究提供借鉴。     

Geoelectrical survey over perched aquifers in the northern part of Upper Sakarya River Basin,Türkiye

In this study, a groundwater exploration survey was conducted using the DC Resistivity (DCR) method in a hydrogeological setting containing a perched aquifer. DCR data were gathered and an electrical tomography section was recovered using conventional four-electrode instruments with a Schlumberger array and a two-dimensional (2D) inversion scheme. The proposed scheme was tested over a synthetic three-dimensional (3D) subsurface model before deploying it in a field situation. The proposed method indicated that gathering data with simple four-electrode instruments at stations along a line and 2D inversion of datasets at multiple stations can recover depth intervals of the studied aquifer in the hydrogeological setting even if it has a 3D structure. In this study, 2D inversion of parallel profiles formed a pseudo-3D volume of the subsurface resistivity structures and mapped out multiple resistive (>25 ohm·m) bodies at shallow (between 50–100 m) and deep sections (>150 m). In general, the proposed method is convenient to encounter geological units that have limited vertical and spatial extensions in any direction and presents resistivity contrast from groundwater-bearing geologic materials.     

U-Th-Pb dating of garnet based on LAICP-MS mapping technology: A case study of the Tonglvshan large-scale Cu -Fe-Au skarn depositSCIEI北大核心CSCD

矽卡岩矿床的年代学信息对研究矽卡岩矿床的矿床成因、演变过程、成矿规律和找矿勘查具有重要的指示意义。石榴子石是矽卡岩矿床中的常见矿物,它具有一定的U含量,但是由于其普通铅高以及铀分布不均一的原因,导致激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)点分析获得年龄成功率不高。针对点分析定年遇到的深度分馏和剥蚀点选取、普通铅校正等问题,本文提出一种利用LA-ICP-MS面扫描分析数据的虚拟点构建技术,在Tera-Wasserburg(TW)图中实现普通铅校正来确定含普通铅石榴子石年龄。通过理论推导、数值模拟和实验分析研究发现,利用相关联的^(208)Pb、^(232)Th、^(238)U测量数据校正生成^(208)Pb_(c)/^(238)U指标并据此对TW图中的数据进行数据分组抽样构造虚拟测量点,可以有效地把面扫描测量数据转换为与点分析测量类似但放射母子比例展布更优的数据。利用此方法对长江中下游成矿带鄂东矿区铜绿山大型Cu-Fe-Au矽卡岩矿床石榴子石进行面扫描分析。仅使用15min的样品面扫描数据,在获得了微量元素含量分布的同时,也获得了同位素比值虚拟点,交点年龄为139.2±2.9Ma(MSWD=0.7,n=126),与前人矿床研究结果相一致,验证了此方法的可行性。利用LA-ICP-MS面扫描定年技术不仅可以获得样品元素含量的二维分布图,有利于对样品期次的筛选,剔除包裹体等异常数据;还可以避免点分析中深度分馏和繁复的选点流程及二次分析等步骤,在获得样品元素含量分布的同时获得矿物年龄,为当前矽卡岩型矿床相关的关键金属研究提供了更为便捷的方法。     

现行体制下提高专业气象服务能力的思考

通过对比分析国内外专业气象服务的差异,找出了困扰专业气象服务发展的原因,结合实际和当前专业气象服务发展的环境,提出专业气象服务单位实行企业化管理,利用市场手段增加专业气象服务投入和提高产品质量体现专业气象服务价值的建议。     

基于GEOROC大数据分析地壳厚度地球化学指标

前人研究认为,火山岩中部分地球化学指标与岩浆弧地壳厚度之间存在一定的相关性,并通过统计主量元素K2O、Ca O和Na2O指标及微量元素Ce/Y、Sm/Yb、Dy/Yb、Sr/Y、La/Yb指标与地壳厚度之间关系,约束地质史上某些区域的地壳厚度发展和变化。本文基于GEOROC数据库,以Si O2含量57%和火山岩年龄23Ma为界,将全球火山岩数据分成年轻-壳源( 57%,23Ma)、年轻-幔源(57%,23Ma)、古老-壳源( 57%, 23Ma)和古老-幔源(57%, 23Ma)四个数据集,并通过核函数估计方法获得了各个地球化学指标与地壳厚度的归一化联合概率密度分布图。本文统计结果表明,年轻-幔源火山岩中的K2O含量分布与壳源火山岩呈现指数正相关关系、Ca O含量分布于地壳厚度呈现线性负相关关系,年轻-壳源火山岩中Ce/Y、La/Yb和Sm/Yb与现今地壳厚度有指数正相关关系。由以上5种地化指标建立的回归方程确定系数R2均大于0. 7,可以认为相关关系显著。本文认为幔源岩浆在穿透地壳到达地表过程中,地壳厚度控制了富K壳源物质进入地幔熔体和富Ca矿物结晶分异过程,导致了火山岩中K2O和Ca O含量的相关变化;而下地壳部分熔融形成的壳源岩浆,不同深度压力控制了残留相矿物比例,导致Ce/Y、La/Yb和Sm/Yb体现出与地壳厚度的相关性。本文建立的回归函数是基于大量数据概率密度分布的统计分析得出的,由于离群数据普遍存在,回溯历史地壳厚度变化需要大量数据统计支撑,否则难以获得可靠的结果。     

基于GIS的长沙市商品住宅价格空间格局及影响因素分析

结合GIS技术,以长沙市2011年6月在售的265个商品住宅样点为对象,运用ArcGIS地统计分析模块对样本点进行正态性分布和空间自相关检验;继而运用Kriging得出长沙市住宅价格空间格局图,利用IDW空间插值法得出等值线分布图。研究结果表明:长沙市住宅价格呈现出一个中心和两个次中心的布局特征,多中心发展趋势明显;价格等值线变化幅度空间差异较大,由中心向外围递减速度不一致,说明区域住宅价格差异较大。分析发现,地价成本、交通条件、城市发展战略和居住环境是影响住宅价格的主要因素。     

千年桐人工林乔木层的生物量特征

研究生物质能源树种千年桐人工林乔木层生物量特征及其分配规律.采用样地调查和标准木收获法测定2a、3 a、5a、7a、9a生千年桐人工林乔木层生物量,建立千年桐人工林乔木层生物量回归模型,其全株的相关系数为0.980 1,其他组分相关系数均在0.9093以上,具有良好的相关性.结果表明:2a、3a、5 a、7 a、9a生林分乔木层生物量分别为41.162t/hm2,51.15 t/hm2,58.656 t/hm2,114.005 t/hm2,134.894 t/hm2,9a生林分乔木层生物量是分别7a,5a,3 a,2a生林分的1.183倍,2.300倍,2.637倍,3.277倍.各器官生物量分配中,9 a生林分的树杆对乔木层生物量贡献最大,达到41.09％,贡献率最小的是2a生林分,为38.54％;7 a生林分的树枝对乔木层生物量贡献率最大,达到26.1％,贡献率最小的是5a生林分,为22.8％;5 a生林分的树叶对乔木层生物量贡献率最大,为13.72％,贡献率最小的是7a生林分,为10.38％;7 a生林对林分的树根生物量贡献率最大,为23.68％,贡献率最小的是9a生林分,为21.52％.乔木层的生物量主要以树杆为主,杆、枝、叶、根的生物量均表现出明显随林龄增长而递增的规律.     

关于在闽北西部建立中墩组早白垩世火山岩地层单位的讨论

近年来的最新调研成果表明，闽北酉部原划为上侏罗统南园组的火山岩为一套中性—偏碱性—酸性—偏碱性火山岩组合，形成于大陆边缘拉张构造环境，岩浆来源于地壳，与萤石、叶蜡石、铌钽、放射性矿产关系密切。全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄１１２—１４２Ｍａ，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ为０．７０６６１－０．７１９４１，时代为早白垩世。具有一定的区域范围及独特的构造环境，与江西广丰鹅湖岭组相连，而与福建东部的火山岩有很大差异，建议单独建立一个岩石地层单位──中墩组（Ｋ１ｚ）。这对研究福建西部乃至我国东部中生代火山岩地层都有重要意义。     

Statistical Tests of Load-Unload Response Ratio Signals by Lattice Solid Model: Implication to Tidal Triggering and Earthquake Prediction

— Statistical tests of Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) signals are carried in order to verify statistical robustness of the previous studies using the Lattice Solid Model (Mora et al., 2002b). In each case 24 groups of samples with the same macroscopic parameters (tidal perturbation amplitude A, period T and tectonic loading rate k) but different particle arrangements are employed. Results of uni-axial compression experiments show that before the normalized time of catastrophic failure, the ensemble average LURR value rises significantly, in agreement with the observations of high LURR prior to the large earthquakes. In shearing tests, two parameters are found to control the correlation between earthquake occurrence and tidal stress. One is, A/(k T) controlling the phase shift between the peak seismicity rate and the peak amplitude of the perturbation stress. With an increase of this parameter, the phase shift is found to decrease. Another parameter, A T/k, controls the height of the probability density function (Pdf) of modeled seismicity. As this parameter increases, the Pdf becomes sharper and narrower, indicating a strong triggering. Statistical studies of LURR signals in shearing tests also suggest that except in strong triggering cases, where LURR cannot be calculated due to poor data in unloading cycles, the larger events are more likely to occur in higher LURR periods than the smaller ones, supporting the LURR hypothesis.     

Spatio-temporal Scanning and Statistical Test of the Accelerating Moment Release (AMR) Model Using Australian Earthquake Data

— The Accelerating Moment Release (AMR) preceding earthquakes with magnitude above 5 in Australia that occurred during the last 20 years was analyzed to test the Critical Point Hypothesis. Twelve earthquakes in the catalog were chosen based on a criterion for the number of nearby events. Results show that seven sequences with numerous events recorded leading up to the main earthquake exhibited accelerating moment release. Two occurred near in time and space to other earthquakes preceded by AMR. The remaining three sequences had very few events in the catalog so the lack of AMR detected in the analysis may be related to catalog incompleteness. Spatio-temporal scanning of AMR parameters shows that 80% of the areas in which AMR occurred experienced large events. In areas of similar background seismicity with no large events, 10 out of 12 cases exhibit no AMR, and two others are false alarms where AMR was observed but no large event followed. The relationship between AMR and Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) was studied. Both methods predict similar critical region sizes, however, the critical point time using AMR is slightly earlier than the time of the critical point LURR anomaly.