全文获取类型
收费全文 | 261篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1篇 |
大气科学 | 20篇 |
地球物理 | 57篇 |
地质学 | 86篇 |
海洋学 | 31篇 |
天文学 | 49篇 |
自然地理 | 30篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有274条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
91.
Trevor C. Hall Andrea M. Sealy Tannecia S. Stephenson Shoji Kusunoki Michael A. Taylor A. Anthony Chen Akio Kitoh 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,113(1-2):271-287
Present-day (1979–2003) and future (2075–2099) simulations of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature are examined using data from the Meteorological Research Institute super-high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. Analyses are performed over the 20-km model grid for (1) a main Caribbean basin, (2) sub-regional zones, and (3) specific Caribbean islands. Though the model’s topography underestimates heights over the eastern Caribbean, it captures well the present-day spatial and temporal variations of seasonal and annual climates. Temperature underestimations range from 0.1 °C to 2 °C with respect to the Japanese Reanalysis and the Climatic Research Unit datasets. The model also captures fairly well sub-regional scale variations in the rainfall climatology. End-of-century projections under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change SRES A1B scenario indicate declines in rainfall amounts by 10–20 % for most of the Caribbean during the early (May–July) and late (August–October) rainy seasons relative to the 1979–2003 baselines. The early dry season (November–January) is also projected to get wetter in the far north and south Caribbean by approximately 10 %. The model also projects a warming of 2–3 °C over the Caribbean region. Analysis of future climate extremes indicate a 5–10 % decrease in the simple daily precipitation intensity but no significant change in the number of consecutive dry days for Cuba, Jamaica, southern Bahamas, and Haiti. There is also indication that the number of hot days and nights will significantly increase over the main Caribbean basin. 相似文献
92.
93.
Trevor Greensmith 《Geology Today》2004,20(5):189-193
There is nothing like a good controversy in geology, when vehemently held conflicting opinions set the adrenaline running. The debate over hot spots or mantle plumes is developing in this way; as such it is pertinent to look at the Canary Islands archipelago where hot spot ideas have been in place for some time. 相似文献
94.
Ewan O'Sullivan Duncan A. Forbes Trevor J. Ponman 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(2):420-426
The evolution in X-ray properties of early-type galaxies is largely unconstrained. In particular, little is known about how, and if, remnants of mergers generate hot gas haloes. Here we examine the relationship between X-ray luminosity and galaxy age for a sample of early-type galaxies. Comparing normalized X-ray luminosity to three different age indicators, we find that L X L B increases with age, suggesting an increase in X-ray halo mass with time after the last major star formation episode of a galaxy. The long-term nature of this trend, which appears to continue across the full age range of our sample, poses a challenge for many models of hot halo formation. We conclude that models involving a declining rate of type Ia supernovae, and a transition from outflow to inflow of the gas originally lost by galactic stars, offer the most promising explanation for the observed evolution in X-ray luminosity. 相似文献
95.
96.
Julien?ReynesEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Michael?Jollands J?rg?Hermann Trevor?Ireland 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(9):69
The incorporation mechanisms and diffusional loss of hydrogen in garnet have been experimentally investigated. A suite of gem-quality hydrous spessartine- and grossular-rich garnets were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and by ion microprobe (SHRIMP-SI) to determine the calibration coefficients for quantification of FTIR data. The excellent agreement between measured absorption and OH/O indicates that the same molar extinction coefficient can be used for spessartine and grossular. The coefficient of 14400 l mol??1 cm??2 proposed by Maldener et al. (Phys Chem Miner 30:337–344, 2003) seems the most appropriate for both minerals. A grossular with 6.4% andradite and 1.6% almandine containing 834 ppm H2O, and an almost pure spessartine with 282 ppm H2O, were selected for diffusion experiments. 1.5-mm cubes of garnets were heated between 12 h and 10 days at 1 atm under various temperature (750–1050 °C) and oxygen fugacity (\({f_{{{\text{O}}_2}}}\)) conditions, (ΔQFM +?15.2 to ??3.0). Diffusion profiles were acquired from sections through the cubes using FTIR, with a deconvolution algorithm developed to assess peak-specific behaviour. Different families of peaks have been identified based on their diffusive behaviour, representing hydrogen incorporated in different H-bearing defects. A dominant, fast, strongly \({f_{{{\text{O}}_2}}}\)-dependent oxidation-related diffusion mechanism is proposed \(\left( {\{ {{\text{M}}^{2+}}+{{\text{H}}^+}\} +\frac{1}{4}{{\text{O}}_2}={{\text{M}}^{3+}}+\frac{1}{2}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}} \right)\) (M=Fe, Mn) with a relatively low activation energy (158?±?19 kJ mol??1). This diffusion mechanism is likely restricted by availability of ferrous iron in grossular. At low oxygen fugacity, this diffusion mechanism is shut off and the diffusivity decreased by more than three orders of magnitude. A second, slower hydrogen diffusion mechanism has been observed in minor bands, where charge balance might be maintained by diffusion of cation vacancies, with much higher activation energy (≈?200–270 kJ mol??1). Spessartine shows clear differences in peak retentivity suggesting that up to four different H sites might exist. This opens exciting opportunities to use hydrogen diffusion in garnet as speedometer. However, it is essential to constrain the main diffusion mechanisms and the oxygen fugacity in the rocks investigated to obtain timescales for metamorphic or igneous processes. 相似文献
97.
Jordan G. Hamilton Jay Grosskleg David Hilger Kris Bradshaw Trevor Carlson Steven D. Siciliano Derek Peak 《Geochemical transactions》2018,19(1):1
Adsorption and precipitation reactions often dictate the availability of phosphorus in soil environments. Tripolyphosphate (TPP) is considered a form of slow release P fertilizer in P limited soils, however, investigations of the chemical fate of TPP in soils are limited. It has been proposed that TPP rapidly hydrolyzes in the soil solution before adsorbing or precipitating with soil surfaces, but in model systems, TPP also adsorbs rapidly onto mineral surfaces. To study the adsorption behavior of TPP in calcareous soils, a short-term (48 h) TPP spike was performed under laboratory conditions. To determine the fate of TPP under field conditions, two different liquid TPP amendments were applied to a P limited subsurface field site via an in-ground injection system. Phosphorus speciation was assessed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, total and labile extractable P, and X-ray diffraction. Adsorption of TPP to soil mineral surfaces was rapid (< 48 h) and persisted without fully hydrolyzing to ortho-P. Linear combination fitting of XAS data indicated that the distribution of adsorbed P was highest (~ 30–40%) throughout the site after the first TPP amendment application (high water volume and low TPP concentrations). In contrast, lower water volumes with more concentrated TPP resulted in lower relative fractions of adsorbed P (15–25%), but a significant increase in total P concentrations (~ 3000 mg P kg soil) and adsorbed P (60%) directly adjacent to the injection system. This demonstrates that TPP application increases the adsorbed P fraction of calcareous soils through rapid adsorption reactions with soil mineral surfaces. 相似文献
98.
The Impact Of Extreme Summer Melt on Net Accumulation of an Avalanche Fed Glacier,as Determined by Ground‐Penetrating Radar 下载免费PDF全文
Heather Purdie Wolfgang Rack Brian Anderson Tim Kerr Trevor Chinn Ian Owens Matthew Linton 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(4):779-791
Glacier mass balance is more sensitive to warming than cooling, but feedbacks related to the exposure of previously buried firn and ice in very warm years is not generally considered in sensitivity studies. A ground‐penetrating radar survey in the accumulation area of Rolleston Glacier, New Zealand shows that five years of previous net accumulation was removed by melt from parts of the glacier above the long‐term equilibrium line altitude during a single negative mass balance year. Rolleston Glacier receives a large amount of accumulation from snow avalanches, which may temporarily buffer it from climate warming by providing additional mass that has accumulated at higher elevations, effectively increasing the elevation range of the glacier. However, glaciers reliant on avalanche input may have high sensitivity to climatic variations because the extra mass is concentrated on a small part of the glacier, and small variations in avalanche input could have a large impact on overall glacier accumulation. Further research is needed to better estimate the amount and spatial distribution of accumulation by avalanche in order to quantify the climate sensitivity of small avalanche‐fed glaciers. 相似文献
99.
Trevor A. Dumitru W.G. Ernst Jeremy K. Hourigan Robert J. McLaughlin 《International Geology Review》2015,57(5-8):767-800
In northwestern California, the Franciscan subduction complex has been subdivided into seven major tectonostratigraphic units. We report U-Pb ages of ≈2400 detrital zircon grains from 26 sandstone samples from 5 of these units. Here, we tabulate each unit’s interpreted predominant sediment source areas and depositional age range, ordered from the oldest to the youngest unit. (1) Yolla Bolly terrane: nearby Sierra Nevada batholith (SNB); ca. 118 to 98 Ma. Rare fossils had indicated that this unit was mostly 151–137 Ma, but it is mostly much younger. (2) Central Belt: SNB; ca. 103 to 53 Ma (but poorly constrained), again mostly younger than previously thought. (3) Yager terrane: distant Idaho batholith (IB); ca. 52 to 50 Ma. Much of the Yager’s detritus was shed during major core complex extension and erosion in Idaho that started 53 Ma. An Eocene Princeton River–Princeton submarine canyon system transported this detritus to the Great Valley forearc basin and thence to the Franciscan trench. (4) Coastal terrane: mostly IB, ±SNB, ±nearby Cascade arc, ±Nevada Cenozoic ignimbrite belt; 52 to <32 Ma. (5) King Range terrane: dominated by IB and SNB zircons; parts 16–14 Ma based on microfossils. Overall, some Franciscan units are younger than previously thought, making them more compatible with models for the growth of subduction complexes by progressive accretion. From ca. 118 to 70 Ma, Franciscan sediments were sourced mainly from the nearby Sierra Nevada region and were isolated from southwestern US and Mexican sources. From 53 to 49 Ma, the Franciscan was sourced from both Idaho and the Sierra Nevada. By 37–32 Ma, input from Idaho had ceased. The influx from Idaho probably reflects major tectonism in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, plus development of a through-going Princeton River to California, rather than radical changes in the subduction system at the Franciscan trench itself. 相似文献
100.