Distribution and land use characteristics of alluvial fans in the Lhasa River Basin,Tibet

In Lhasa River Basin (LRB),land suitable for settlement or living is experiencing a shortage of resources.Alluvial fans have the potential to alleviate this problem.However,basic information,such as the distribution and land use types of alluvial fans,is rarely studied.In this study,Google Earth,ArcGIS and visual interpretation were used to obtain the outlines,areas,quantities and distribution of alluvial fans.Meanwhile,to show the utilisation potential of alluvial fans,we analysed the land use,their distance from the roads,places (town and village) and rivers.The results showed 826 alluvial fans exist in LRB,with a total area of 1166.03 km2.The number of alluvial fans with areas between 0.1 and 1 km2 is 517,ac-counting for 62.59％ of the total number of alluvial fans.Grassland is the dominant land use type,accounting for 68.70％ of the total area of alluvial fans.The cropland area accounted for 2.16％ of alluvial fans and accounted for 18.98％ of the total cropland area in LRB.Exactly 93.70％,53.63％ and 61.86％ of the total number of alluvial fans were located within 5 km from the tertiary road,village,and river,respectively.To sum up,our survey results showed that alluvial fans are important land resources in LRB and may have huge utilisation potential.     

Tides and short-term variabilities in the Kuroshio west of Yonakuni-jima

INTRODUCFIONTheKuroshioeastofTaiwanIslandflowsnorthwardandenterstheEastChinaalgathroughapaSSagebetweenTaiwanIslandandlriomote-shima.TOstudyfurthertheKuroshiothereandestimateitstransPOrt,itisnecessarytoobservetheKuroshioCurrentdirectly.Therehavebeen*ThisstudywassupportedbytheNationalNaturalaudienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49476278.severaldirectobservationsoftheKuroshionearTaiwanIsland.Forexample,thedirectcurrentmeasurementat(24'24'N1123'35'E)byinabaetal.(1981)showedtheapp…     

Error model of curves in GIS and digitization experiment

A stochastic error process of curves is proposed as the error model to describe the errors of curves in GIS. In terms of the stochastic process, four characteristics concerning the local error of curves, namely, mean error function, standard error function, absolute error function, and the correlation function of errors, are put forward. The total error of a curve is expressed by a mean square integral of the stochastic error process. The probabilistic meanings and geometric meanings of the characteristics mentioned above are also discussed. A scan digitization experiment is designed to check the efficiency of the model. In the experiment, a piece of contour line is digitized for more than 100 times and lots of sample functions are derived from the experiment. Finally, all the error characteristics are estimated, on the basis of sample functions. The experiment results show that the systematic error in digitized map data is not negligible, and the errors of points on curves are chiefly dependent on the curvature and the concavity of the curves.     

塔里木盆地油气地质调查新乌地1井钻探工艺技术

新乌地1井地处塔里木盆地西北缘乌什西构造带,断裂发育,且缺乏邻井参考资料,区域地质调查程度较浅,所钻遇地层复杂,漏失、破碎、缩径等现象时常发生,给钻探施工带来巨大挑战。针对该井井身结构设计缺乏依据、地层极端复杂、事故处理难度大等问题,研发应用了超前裸眼钻进、深厚覆盖层堵漏、井内事故处理和复杂地层冲洗液护壁等多项关键技术,解决了上述各项难题,降低了施工成本,形成了一套适宜于塔里木盆地西南与东南坳陷区复杂地层的小口径油气调查井钻探技术体系,为今后该地区同类钻探施工提供借鉴。     

厄尔尼诺事件对太湖流域降水的影响

为了揭示1951~2016年厄尔尼诺事件影响下太湖流域夏季(6~8月)降水特征,分析了厄尔尼诺事件开始年与结束年的降水状况。结果表明:太湖流域降雨与厄尔尼诺事件存在一定的关系:(1)弱强度厄尔尼诺事件起始年的6月与6~8月、结束年的6月与7月降水均以正常、大旱与极旱为主;中等强度厄尔尼诺事件起始年的6月与6~8月以正常与大涝为主,结束年同时段以正常、偏旱与大旱为主;(超)强厄尔尼诺事件起始年6月以正常或大旱为主,8月以正常或大涝为主,结束年刚好相反。(2)(超)强厄尔尼诺起始年的夏季,西太平洋副热带高压面积偏小,位置偏东,而结束年的夏季,西伸脊点加强西伸,利于太湖流域降雨偏多。(3)(超)强厄尔尼诺起始年的全年编号台风以偏少为主,登陆台风正常略偏少,但事件的起始年夏季6~8月编号台风却以偏多为主,结束年秋季9~11月登陆台风以偏多为主;结束年6月降雨偏多,登陆台风向秋季集中,易造成流域持续洪涝,对防洪产生不利影响。     

探采结合水井无固相环保冲洗液的研究与应用

探采结合水井需要实现精确获取水文地质参数和解决百姓饮水难题的双重目的,因此要求钻进施工中采用的冲洗液既要具备基本的护壁防塌等功能,还需最大程度地降低对地层渗透性的影响,同时还应具有优良的环保性能。针对这一特殊要求,研发了新型的PA—1型无固相环保冲洗液,采用渗透性实验、电镜扫描、砂球浸泡实验等多种测试手段对冲洗液进行了室内评价与分析,结果表明PA—1型无固相环保冲洗液对地层渗透性影响较小,防塌护壁能力强,综合性能优于常规冲洗液体系;采用中华米虾对其进行急性毒性实验也表明其安全无毒。大量室内实验及现场应用表明,PA—1型无固相环保冲洗液各项性能优良,可为今后在探采结合水井施工中冲洗液的合理选用提供参考。     

苏家店金矿床地质特征,富集规律及成矿预测

本文从区域地质背景分析入手,论述了苏家店金矿床的矿区地层、岩浆岩、控矿构造特征以及围岩蚀变、成矿元素和伴生元素空间变化规律。在总结矿床地质特征和控矿规律的基础上,对矿床成因进行了探讨,并对矿床深部和外围的成矿远景进行了预测,指出今后的找矿方向。     

高温纳米复合水泥的试验研究

针对地热开采过程中孔壁发生垮塌、漏失,而常规水泥基材料在高温条件下各方面性能恶化,满足不了护壁堵漏技术要求。采用理论分析和试验,系统地开展常规水泥材料的比较研究,筛选出多种材料及试剂进行正交试验,获得了优化配方。通过试验,以初始流动度、可泵期、凝结时间和抗压强度4个性能指标比较了普通硅酸盐水泥和G级油井水泥的抗高温性能,评选出适于研究的高温下性能相对稳定的水泥;针对高温下水泥性能衰退的问题,筛选了几种含硅材料与试剂,通过正交试验优化了配方,优化配方为：25%GS+0.6%SiO₂ +0.3%JSS+1.5%SN+0.03%SC+0.3%纳米材料。性能评价结果表明,该配方流动度等性能满足一定施工要求,在高温下具有较好的抗压强度。     

Error model of curves in GIS and digitization experiment

IntroductionCurves are the fundamental geometric elementsin GIS. The uncertainty of their positions has ani mportant influence on those outputs from GISandis the reliable basis for reasonably evaluatingthose outputs .In contrast to measurement error theor…     

江南运河水文情势变化分析

随着太湖流域城镇化进程的加快,江南运河水文情势发生了明显变化。基于运河代表站水位资料、水利分区降雨资料、沿长江(江苏段)主要口门引排水量、出入太湖水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验与突变检验法,对代表站水位进行了研究,并初步提出运河水文情势变化的可能原因。结果表明:(1)常州年最高水位及汛期5月、9月平均水位上升可能与湖西区四闸净引水量上升有关;而洛社与无锡(大)汛期5月、9月平均水位上升与武澄锡虞区沿长江(江苏段)口门净引水量显著上升有关,6月、7月、8月平均水位上升可能与地区涝水出路受阻导致原先入太湖的水量改为入运河有关;受张家港、十一圩闸、望虞闸引水及运河上游来水的共同影响,苏州(枫桥)亦出现水位同步上升的趋势。(2)运河代表站水位变异点主要发生在90年代中后期到21世纪初期,与太湖流域各省市陆续进入城镇化快速发展阶段的时间基本一致;同样的降雨,城镇化快速发展后的水位涨幅均明显高于城镇化快速发展前,以无锡(大)最明显。