Late Quaternary evolution of the Çanakkale Strait region (Dardanelles, NW Turkey): implications of a major erosional event for the postglacial Mediterranean-Marmara Sea connection

Seismic and bathymetric data from the Çanakkale Strait and its extensions onto the shelves of the Marmara and Aegean seas indicate that the strait was formed mainly by an erosional event. Four seismic units are observed on seismic profiles. The lower two of these (units 4 and 3) constitute the basement of a regionally widespread erosional unconformity (ravinement), which developed during marine isotope stage 2 (MIS 2). The two upper units (units 2 and 1), which overlie the ravinement surface, form a higher-order sequence. Sequence stratigraphic analysis indicates that units 2 and 1 deposited as lowstand and highstand systems tracts respectively, since the end of MIS 2. The transgressive systems tract is represented by a major erosional event which occurred throughout the Çanakkale sill area when the Mediterranean-Marmara Sea connection and, hence, the Çanakkale Strait was formed. The existence of the erosive ?arköy Canyon along the shelf edge of the southern Marmara Sea demonstrates that the flow direction causing the erosion was from south to north, thus proving that it was produced by Mediterranean water flowing over the sill into the Marmara Sea basin.     

Can Hydraulic Conductivity of Fluvial Sediments be Informed by Spectral Reflectance?

Water Resources - This study explores the statistical relationship between spectral reflectance and hydraulic conductivity (K) of fluvial sediments in two Nebraska rivers. The spectral reflectance...     

新一代区域地震灾害快速评估系统设计与实现——以甘肃省为例

破坏性地震发生后,地震灾情快速评估作为地震应急指挥技术系统中的核心模块能够为各级政府和应急管理部门地震应急指挥决策提供重要的信息服务,是地震应急救援与指挥决策重要的支撑平台。随着学者对地震应急领域几十年的研究,已经具备了开发新一代地震灾害快速评估系统的条件。本文基于甘肃省分震级地震烈度衰减模型、分区域的地震灾害人员伤亡评估模型、地震应急专题图设计等研究基础,研发了新一代甘肃省地震灾害快速评估原型系统,实现了软件自动触发、分震级地震影响范围估计、分区地震灾害人员伤亡计算,自动生成地震灾情评估报告,提高了系统的自动化水平和计算结果的精度。该软件能够提升甘肃省地震灾害快速响应能力,能够为甘肃省地震灾害应急救援和指挥决策提供更为科学可靠信息服务。     

Early warning for geo-hazards based on the weather condition in China

According to national early warning practice for geo-hazards from 2003 to 2005, it is systematically concluded that the basic characteristics of geo-hazards, early warning method and forecast result based on the geological maps of China in a scale 1∶6 000 000. With the contrast of different characters between sustained rainfall and typhoon rainfall inducing geo-hazards, the disaster reduction result and some problems are preliminarily analyzed. Some basic recognition is that early warning to geo-hazards is feasible, national scale forecast is only to call attention, but can't immediately be used to disaster reduction decision-making. And, the future direction is to build a united disaster reduction framework of early warning system including national, provincial and county levels based on weather factors in different scale of area.     

东秦岭地区一种富稀土热液型钡解石的发现及其意义

对东秦岭地区河南嵩县一带进行地质调查,发现了一系列具有一定规模的含稀土碱性碳酸岩矿脉并在其中发现一种特殊的钡解石矿物.依据该钡解石主量元素组成,计算分子式为Ba104Cao81Sral4(CO3)2,为锶钡解石,LA-ICP-MS分析表明其富Na、K、Fe、Mn、Pb、REE、Y等元素,稀土元素总量最高为4 080× ...     

Inhomogeneous cylindrically-symmetric models in string cosmology

In this paper, the Einstein field equations have been solved for inhomogeneous cylindrically symmetric space times with string source. Certain physical and geometrical properties of the models have been examined.     

豫西熊耳山地区重磁场特征与深部成矿预测

熊耳山地区是河南省重要的金银铅锌钼多金属矿产地,现已查明各类矿床(点)121个。通过研究发现,该区多金属矿产的形成与中生代中酸性岩浆的侵入活动关系密切,现有矿床分布比较集中的区域,深部都有隐伏岩体赋存。通过对熊耳山地区重磁场特征的分析,建立了熊耳山地区隐伏岩体侵入模型。熊耳山西段主要是寨凹隐伏岩体,赋存面积约310 km2,分3个阶梯深度:0~0.8 km、0.8~2 km、2~4 km;熊耳山中段铁炉坪-花山隐伏岩体位于寨凹隐伏岩体和花山岩体之间,赋存面积约184 km2,深度3~5 km;熊耳山东段旧县-花山隐伏岩体,赋存面积约338 km2,北部深度0~1.5km,向南逐步加深至1.5~3 km。根据区域矿产分布分带特征,结合隐伏岩体侵入模型,预测了深部成矿模型。研究表明,在熊耳山西段有寻找大型斑岩型钼钨铜矿和大型金矿的潜力;中段隐伏岩体深度较大,以寻找中低温矿产为主;东段地质勘查程度相对较高,深部仍有寻找斑岩型钼金铜矿的潜力。     

Kinetic Energy Variability in the North Indian Ocean Using a Numerical Model

The North Indian Ocean exhibits profound impact of variation in lower tropospheric winds. In the present study climatological monthly winds are used to force a nonlinear reduced gravity model of the North Indian Ocean to simulate climatological surface circulation and sea level anomaly for all 12 months of the year. The sea level anomalies agree reasonably well with satellite altimeter derived sea level anomalies. The model successfully simulates the varying eddy structure and current pattern of the North Indian Ocean. Finally, the kinetic energy variation in the North Indian Ocean with special reference to equatorial region and the boundaries is analyzed in detail.     

High-resolution Surveys for Geohazards and Shallow Gas: NW Adriatic (Italy) and Iskenderun Bay (Turkey)

The need for quantifying and understanding the distribution of shallow gas is both of academic interest and of relevance to offshore facilities. The combination of seafloor mapping, subbottom profiling, and multi-channel seismic data can provide information on regions of possible shallow gas, where the gas impacts the acoustic properties of the host material and the seafloor. In this paper, we present two case studies – one academic and one industry – that evaluate the distribution of shallow gas in two field areas in the Mediterranean. In the first case study, geophysical data from Iskenderun Bay, southeastern Turkey, indicate the presence and distribution of shallow gas. Pockmarks on the seafloor are associated with acoustic wipeout in the shallow subbottom data. Although deeper seismic data do not show bright spots or other indicators of possible gas, instantaneous frequency analysis clearly shows laterally restricted anomalies indicating gas-rich zones. The interpretation of possible shallow gas resulted in moving a proposed drilling location to a nearby area characterized by fewer (but still present) shallow gas signatures. In the second case study, cores acquired in the Po Delta, Adriatic Sea, provide quantitative ground-truthing of shallow gas – as suggested by geophysical data – and provide minimum estimates of the percentage of gas in the subsurface. Cores targeted on anomalous subbottom data yielded up to 41,000 ppm methane; cores with anomalous gas content are associated with thick recent flood deposits which may effectively isolate reactive terrigenous organic matter from biologic and physical re-working.