极谱催化波测定天然水中微量锗的研究

系统研究了Ｇｅ－ＡＲＳ－Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４－Ｖ体系报道极谱催化波的影响因素，测定了Ｇｅ－ＡＲＳ－Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４三元配合物的配合比为１：２：１。实验初步证明了该体系催化波为具有吸附性质的平行催化波。本法检出限为０．１４ｍｇ．ｍＬ＾－１，相对标准偏差小于９．８９％，标准回收率为９３．７０％－１０９．０％，０－５０ｍｇ．ｍＬ＾－１的锗具有良好的线性关系。     

A nonlinear multiparameter prestack seismic inversion method based on hybrid optimization approach

Multiparameter prestack seismic inversion is one of the most powerful techniques in quantitatively estimating subsurface petrophysical properties. However, it remains a challenging problem due to the nonlinearity and ill-posedness of the inversion process. Traditional regularization approach can stabilize the solution but at the cost of smoothing valuable geological boundaries. In addition, compared with linearized optimization methods, global optimization techniques can obtain better results regardless of initial models, especially for multiparameter prestack inversion. However, when solving multiparameter prestack inversion problems, the application of standard global optimization algorithms maybe limited due to the issue of high computational cost (e.g., simulating annealing) or premature convergence (e.g., particle swarm optimization). In this paper, we propose a hybrid optimization-based multiparameter prestack inversion method. In this method, we introduce a prior constraint term featured by multiple regularization functions, intended to preserve layered boundaries of geological formations; in particular, to address the problem of premature convergence existing in standard particle swarm optimization algorithm, we propose a hybrid optimization strategy by hybridizing particle swarm optimization and very fast simulating annealing to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed inversion method by conducting synthetic test and field data application, both of which show encouraging results.     

临海浅埋富水明挖隧道底板合理支护参数研究

沿海地区深基坑设计施工都十分重视其抗浮问题,在深基坑开挖前掌握抗拔桩对于基坑隆起和围护结构变形及受力规律十分重要,其研究成果对于节约工程成本和保证基坑施工安全具有重要的指导意义。以港珠澳大桥侧接线拱北海关隧道明挖段为依托,首先建立抗拔桩与土体的硬接触模型,并验证该模型对于抗拔桩模拟的合理性,采用极差分析法研究底板不同桩长和桩径加固对基坑围护结构稳定性的影响规律。分析结果表明,增大桩长可更有效地减小地表沉降,增大桩径可更好地控制连续墙的变形,增大桩长和桩径都可以很好地控制坑底隆起。     

青海玉树东莫扎抓铅锌矿床地质特征及碳氢氧同位素地球化学研究

东莫扎抓铅锌矿床位于青藏高原羌塘地体东北缘,是三江北段铅锌铜银多金属成矿带中的典型代表,对该矿床地质特征和成因类型的研究有助于理解区域铅锌铜银多金属成矿规律,对区域找矿具有重要意义.笔者通过详细的矿区地质考察、系统的矿石光薄片显微镜下鉴定和矿石中方解石的碳、氢、氧同位素分析测试,概述了东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的地质特征和成矿流体的碳、氢、氧同位素组成特征.东莫扎抓铅锌矿床矿体呈似层状展布,产状严格受到矿区逆冲断层的控制,赋矿围岩为上三叠统结扎群波里拉组灰岩和下一中二叠统开心岭群尕迪考组灰岩,发育强白云石化和弱硅化,矿物组合简单,主要为闪锌矿+方铅矿+黄铁矿+白云石+方解石+重晶石,矿石结构以皮壳状、草莓状等胶状结构和他形粒状结构为主,矿石构造为浸染状、角砾状、团块状和脉状.矿石中方解石的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值、δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值分别为δD_(V-SMOW)值分别为-1.8‰～+3.3‰、+6.1‰～+24.6‰和-137‰～-53‰,计算得到成矿流体的δ~(18)O_(流体)值为-0.5‰～+13.8‰.研究结果表明,东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的成矿流体主要来自盆地封存热卤水和大气降水,金属物质可能由区域流体在长距离迁移过程中通过与碳酸盐岩地层相互作用,以及淋滤含矿地层底部的火山岩而得来,成矿过程中伴随着碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,可能存在有机质的参与.据此,笔者将东莫扎抓矿床归为发育在碰撞造山带中受逆冲推覆断裂构造控制的类MVT铅锌矿床,并初步建立了东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的构造控矿模型.     

Relative pollen productivities of typical steppe species in northern China and their potential in past vegetation reconstruction

The Relative Pollen Productivities(RPPs)of common steppe species are estimated using Extended R-value(ERV)model based on pollen analysis and vegetation survey of 30 surface soil samples from typical steppe area of northern China.Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae,Poaceae,Cyperaceae,and Asteraceae are the dominant pollen types in pollen assemblages,reflecting the typical steppe communities well.The five dominant pollen types and six common types(Thalictrum,Iridaceae,Potentilla,Ephedra,Brassicaceae,and Ulmus)have strong wind transport abilities;the estimated Relevant Source Area of Pollen(RSAP)is ca.1000 m when the sediment basin radius is set at 0.5 m.Ulmus,Artemisia,Brassicaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Thalictrum have relative high RPPs;Poaceae,Cyperaceae,Potentilla,and Ephedra pollen have moderate RPPs;Asteraceae and Iridaceae have low RPPs.The reliability test of RPPs revealed that most of the RPPs are reliable in past vegetation reconstruction.However,the RPPs of Asteraceae and Iridaceae are obviously underestimated,and those of Poaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Ephedra are either slightly underestimated or slightly overestimated,suggesting that those RPPs should be considered with caution.These RPPs were applied to estimating plant abundances for two fossil pollen spectra(from the Lake Bayanchagan and Lake Haoluku)covering the Holocene in typical steppe area,using the"Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites"(REVEALS)model.The RPPs-based vegetation reconstruction revealed that meadow-steppe dominated by Poaceae,Cyperaceae,and Artemisia plants flourished in this area before 6500–5600 cal yr BP,and then was replaced by present typical steppe.     

安徽巢湖凤凰山晚古生代大冰期沉积特征与碳同位素变化

地史中海相碳酸盐岩记录的无机碳同位素的波动经常与全球气候事件相互关联,但碳酸盐岩的碳同位素不仅与全球碳循环相关,也受控于区域水循环和成岩作用.晚古生代大冰期在石炭纪末—早二叠世达到最高峰,南方冈瓦纳大陆高纬度地区冰川的进退引起低纬度地区旋回性的海平面变化,并发育显著的沉积间断,在华南表现为喀斯特岩溶角砾岩等.本文选取安...     

考虑Gmax附加衰减的场地地震响应离心机试验数值模拟

在常规的场地地震响应有效应力分析法中,通常只考虑Gmax随有效应力和孔隙比的变化,而最新的试验研究表明,Gmax在大应变幅振动下存在附加衰减。收集了不同类型土体在大幅振动下的298组Gmax数据,拟合并给出了对应于两种Gmax附加衰减模式的计算模型,通过编制可考虑Gmax附加衰减影响的一维场地地震响应有效应力分析程序,分别对典型场地和离心机振动台模型场地的地震响应进行分析对比。结果表明：Gmax附加衰减对场地加速度和剪应力响应均有较大影响,将加速场地液化进程和扩大场地最终液化范围;考虑Gmax附加衰减可较好地模拟动力离心模型试验场地动力响应;但在强震情况下,场地迅速液化,Gmax附加衰减对场地动力响应的影响反而减弱。     

腾冲火山区S波速度结构接收函数反演

腾冲火山区临近印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞、俯冲的边界，火山活动与构造环境关系密切．采用远震接收函数反演的方法揭示了该区域的深部结构特征. 结果显示, 腾冲火山区S波低速结构明显受到NE向大盈江断裂的影响，断裂的南部存在明显的S波低速构，断裂的北部低速结构不十分明显．火山区存在浅部的低速结构，低速结构与地震活动性存在对应关系．证实了低速结构是火山区热活动的直接因素, 并认为腾冲火山区存在再次活动的基本条件．      

静海地震台地磁短周期变化及其在地震短临预报中的应用

近年来的一些研究表明，由于地震前孕震区地下介质的电性结构的变化，将导致地磁短周期转换函数发生异常变化。通过对地震前后的地磁短周期转换函数的参数的计算、分析和研究，有可能提取出可靠的地震短临前兆异常（曾小苹等，１９９０）。为了进一步开展对该方法研究工作并使其在我区地震预测预报研究中得到应用，我们使用了静海台的地磁记录资料，分析计算了该台地磁短周期转换函数在地震前后的变化情况，确立了该方法应用天津地区地震预报的短临异常特征及指标，取得了较好的效果。