NCEP FNL全球分析资料的解码及其图形显示

美国环境预报中心（NCEP）的FNL资料分辨率较高且融合了大量的观测资料及卫星反演资料,被广泛用于数值模式及天气、气候的诊断分析研究中。本文对该类资料的解码程序及绘图时所需控制文件、索引文件生成方法进行介绍,通过一系列批处理命令,可以进行大量FNL资料的解码及绘图处理,为科研工作者在资料内容提取和图形显示等方面的工作提供一定的参考。     

2008年6月3日一次中尺度强对流天气过程分析

利用Micaps资料及新一代天气雷达探测资料,从环流背景、物理量场和雷达回波演变几方面分析了2008年6月3日下午郑州新郑机场遭遇的一场历年少见的强对流天气过程,结果表明:此次天气过程形成于东北冷涡东移过程中,旺盛的暖湿辐合上升气流提供了对流暴发的动力和水汽条件,中层相对较干的暖层结有利于积聚大量的不稳定能量,低层冷空气的入侵是对流暴发的触发机制.新一代天气雷达探测资料揭示了对流云团的发生、发展、移向和强度变化.     

台风期间厦门电离层变化的一次特例分析

文中利用中国气象局厦门电离层监测站的电离层频高图数据,研究了2007年登陆地点在厦门附近地区的3次台风登陆事件期间厦门电离层的变化,分析比较了台风登陆前后F2 层临界频率(foF2)的相对变化、电离层Es和扩展F出现率等,结果显示这3次台风登陆均导致电离层foF2扰动,偶发E层(Es)和扩展F的出现率在3次台风临近登陆和登陆后都有明显的增加.台风圣帕(Sepat)登陆前一天,电离层foF2出现了相对月中值达40%(约4 MHz)的增强,登陆后电离层foF2迅速降低到月中值水平;台风韦帕(Wipha)登陆后电离层foF2从登陆前的略高于月中值的水平迅速下降到月中值以下(降幅达30%)并持续4天.台风罗莎登陆前的2天内电离层foF2低于月中值,台风罗莎登陆当天电离层foF2恢复到月中值水平,随后foF2出现了1天的下降和连续3天的增强.初步分析认为由于台风登陆前后,强烈的海气、陆气相互作用可能影响到电离层高度,从而导致对电离层foF2、Es和扩展F等参量发生变化.利用Wang(2005)提出的CoP机制,可以较好地解释台风登陆导致foF2下降,但文中发现在台风临近登陆出现的foF2上升的现象,则需要进一步深入分析研究.     

异常冷冬的短期气候预测方法探讨

本文通过对四川省广安市近50年冬季气候资料的聚类分析,研究冷冬气候的演变规律;结合太阳黑子活动资料、夏季极端异常气候事件分析,发现广安市异常冷冬年的发生发展和一月太阳黑子活动存在着密切的相关关系,与本市盛夏期间极端气候事件有明显的周期性对应关系;从而探索得出对异常冷冬年的短期气候预测方法,为准确预测冷冬,特别是预测异常冷冬将发挥重要的作用。     

我国渔港沉积物的重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

分析了青岛、宁波、舟山、厦门、深圳、珠海、澳门、茂名和三亚共9个渔港（包括综合港口区）表层沉积物中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co和Ni等典型重金属元素的含量,探讨了其可能的来源。采用沉积物质量基准法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,评价了各渔港重金属的污染状况和潜在生态风险。结果表明：（1）渔港沉积物中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的富集较为严重,位于珠江三角洲的渔港重金属含量显著高于其他渔港,尤其是Cu和Zn,最高含量分别达到1249mg／kg和664mg／kg,而Cd和Pb的污染也不容忽视;（2）珠三角渔港具“高”或“中等”潜在重金属生态风险,其中Cu和Cd具有高的潜在生态风险,其他渔港均属低生态风险,渔港总的潜在生态风险由高至低顺序为：澳门〉深圳〉珠海〉茂名〉三亚〉厦门〉青岛〉宁波〉舟山;（3）渔港沉积物中重金属主要来自工业废水、生活污水、污灌土壤以及大气沉降的污染和渔船防护漆的使用。而船体防护漆中Cu／氧化亚铜的大量使用是渔港中Cu污染的主要来源。     

Eocene potassic and ultrapotassic volcanism in south Tibet: New constraints on mantle source characteristics and geodynamic processes

In the Yangbajing area, southern Tibet, several monogenic volcanoes were conformably superimposed on the Linzizong calc-alkaline volcanic successions. According to their petrologic and geochemical characteristics, these monogenic volcanoes are composed of three rock varieties: tephritic phonolitic plugs and shoshonitic and trachytic lavas. Their geochemical systematics reveals that low-pressure evolutionary processes in the large voluminous Linzizong calc-alkaline magmas were not responsible for the generation of these potassic–ultrapotassic rocks, but the significant change in petrologic and geochemical characteristics from the Linzizong calc-alkaline to potassic–ultrapotassic magma is likely accounted for the change of metasomatic agents in the southern Tibetan lithospheric mantle source during the Paleocene to Eocene. The tephritic phonolites containing both leucite and plagioclase show primary ultrapotassic character similar to that of Mediterranean plagioleucititic magmas. Radiogenic Sr increases with SiO₂ in the xenolith-bearing trachytes strongly suggesting significant crustal assimilation in the shoshonitic magmas. The Yangbajing ultrapotassic rocks have high K₂O and Al₂O₃, and show depletion of high field strength elements (HFSEs) with respect to large ion lithophile elements. In primitive mantle-normalized element diagrams, all samples are characterized by positive spikes at Th (U) and Pb with negative anomalies at Ba, Nb–Ta and Ti, reflecting the orogenic nature of the ultrapotassic rocks. They are characterized by highly radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) ratios (0.7061–0.7063) and unradiogenic ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) (0.5125), and Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.688–18.733, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.613–15.637, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.861–38.930) similar to the global subducting sediment. Strong enrichment of incompatible trace elements and high Th fractionation from the other HFSEs (such as Nb and U) clearly indicate that the Th-enriched sedimentary component in a network veined mantle source was mainly introduced by sediment-derived melts. In addition, the ultrapotassic rocks have significant Ce (Ce/Ce* = 0.77–0.84) and Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.72–0.75) anomalies, suggesting a subduction sediment input into the southern Tibetan lithospheric mantle source. In contrast, high U/Th (> 0.20) and Ba/Th (> 32) and low Th/La (< 0.3) in the shoshonites indicate that the Eocene potassic magma originated from partial melting of the surrounding peridotite mantle pervasively affected by slab-related fluid addition from the dehydration of either the subducting oceanic crust or the sediment. Thus, at least two different subduction-related metasomatic agents re-fertilized the upper mantle. According to the radiometric ages and spatial distribution, the Gangdese magmatic association shows a temporal succession from the Linzizong calc-alkaline to ultrapotassic magmas. This indicates a late arrival of recycled sediments within the Tibetan lithospheric mantle wedge. The most diagnostic signatures for the involvement of continent-derived materials are the super-chondritic Zr/Hf (45.5–49.2) and elevated Hf/Sm values (0.81–0.91) in the ultrapotassic rocks. Therefore, the occurrence of orogenic magmatism in the Gangdese belt likely represents the volcanic expression of the onset of the India–Asia collision, preceding the 10 Ma Neo-Tethyan slab break-off process at 42–40 Ma. The absence of residual garnet in the mantle source for the ultrapotassic volcanism seems to imply that the southern Tibetan lithosphere was not been remarkably thickened until the Eocene (～ 50 Ma).     

李伍铜矿床控矿构造地质特征及演化模式探讨

四川李伍铜矿床是我国西南地区一个中型富铜矿床，其矿床历经了多期次的构造演化和叠加。江浪穹隆体的变形变质对早期的矿源层具改造、矿液初步富集作用；构造岩性层控制了李伍铜矿床的产出与分布，Ｓ３期沿Ｓ２面理发育起来的大型平卧褶皱控制了矿体的空间形态，成穹阶段形成的滑脱剪切带是矿液运移的通道，也是找矿的有利场所，该带中次级逆冲断面及ＥＷ向挤压时期形成的Ｓ３面理挠曲是容矿空间，变形与成穹作用双重机制对该矿床构造的形成至关重要。     

水文地质参数计算方法探讨

阐述了水文地质参数的重要性,及其发展和尚需完善的方面。推出可以解决基岩裂隙、溶隙含水层坐标距离与水力距离不一致问题的导水系数计算方法。该方法的特点是简捷,能较直观地判别含水层主要水文地质参数的大小,具有很高的可靠性。     

基于强度折减法的韩城煤矿边坡稳定性分析

将有限元强度折减理论应用于边坡稳定性分析中,运用ANSYS大型有限元分析软件,基于Drucker-Prager（D-P）屈服准则,采用力和位移的收敛标准作为破坏判据,进行边坡的稳定性分析。当折减系数达到某一数值时,非线性有限元静力计算将不收敛,滑面上的位移将产生突变,边坡内一定幅值的广义剪应变自坡底向坡顶贯通,此时认为边坡已破坏,并定义此时的折减系数即为稳定系数。文中以韩城煤矿节理岩质边坡为例,运用该方法进行了稳定性分析并与并与传统的Bishop法、Janbu法等方法对比。计算结果表明,有限元强度折减法能更加真实地反映边坡的实际情况,求得的边坡稳定系数更接近边坡的实际稳定状态,显示出其在边坡稳定性分析中的一定优势。