重复地震识别的参数选取综述

分析滤波频段、台站密度及互相关系数阈值等参数的选取与重复地震识别率的关系,对“波形相关”意义上的重复地震与物理意义上震源区的重复地震之间的关系进行定性讨论。结果表明,尽可能增加可用台站数、多使用近震资料、选取约0.2～20 Hz的滤波频段及不小于0.8的互相关系数阈值,可以较好地识别重复地震。此外,当重复地震事件MS ≥ 4.5时,两个事件的震源区至少有部分重合。     

运用小波变换与支持向量机耦合模型(WA-SVM)预测干旱区地下水埋深

准确预测干旱区地下水埋深,对区域地下水资源的合理开发利用与生态环境保护具有十分重要的意义。以额济纳盆地3个地下水埋深观测井为对象,运用小波变换与支持向量机耦合模型（WA-SVM）对观测井未来1个月的地下水埋深进行了短期预测。为检验WA-SVM的有效性,将模拟结果与未经小波变换的SVM模型进行了对比。结果表明：在对干旱区地下水埋深进行短期预测时,相较于SVM模型,WA-SVM模型的预测精度显著提高。WA-SVM模型在干旱区地下水埋深预测中有更好的适用性,可以为干旱地区地下水埋深动态预测提供新的方法和思路,是资料有限的条件下地下水埋深预测的有效方法。     

山东滨海低平原区盐渍土盐分的时空变异研究

文章运用地统计学的方法对山东滨海盐渍土年际空间变异和分布特征差异进行分析研究,结果表明:黄河三角洲表层土壤的盐渍化程度较高且在年际变化上呈积盐趋势,莱州湾南岸则呈脱盐趋势但盐渍化面积增加;山东滨海低平原区盐渍土受结构因素的影响加剧;表层土壤盐分的分布规律与地形有密切关系,盐渍化类型与盐渍化程度的分布特征基本吻合;莱州湾南岸应注意防止土壤碱化。由此提出因地制宜综合开发、减少土壤盐分输入、加强盐分淋洗、改善土体性质和防止土地碱化等建议,对滨海地区后备土地水土资源的开发利用具有指导作用。     

The spatial heterogeneity of riverbed saturated permeability coefficient in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China

In arid region, direct infiltration from rainfall contributes little to groundwater compared with localized recharge from streams. How to quantify riverbed infiltration to groundwater systems is an important area of research in hydrology. In this study, saturated permeability coefficient of a riverbed in an arid inland river basin located in the northwest of China was obtained by Guelph Permeameter and laboratory analysis methods. The characteristics of riverbed infiltration and its spatial patterns were analysed using geostatistical method and kriging method. The results showed that the saturated permeability coefficient varied from 0.089 to 2.802 m/d, indicating moderate degree of variability. The Guelph Permeameter and laboratory test methods provided consistent estimates of saturated permeability coefficient. There was a strong spatial correlation for K_fs of the riverbed in this study area when Range (A) was less than 0.276°, suggesting that the maximum sampling distance for saturated permeability coefficient of the riverbed was 0.276° under isotropic conditions. The K_fs near the centre of the riverbed was higher than the value near riverbank. The K_fs values decreased in the direction of upstream to downstream in the Heihe River Basin. The riverbed mechanical composition, initial soil water content and bulk density have significant influence up on the riverbed infiltration. Besides, the topographical factors including the width, altitude and distance factors of the riverbed together impacted the riverbed infiltration and the slope of the riverbed and also influenced the riverbed infiltration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青海湖东岸沙地风成沉积物粒度敏感组分及其古气候意义

粒级-标准偏差的计算可用来提取沉积序列的粒度敏感组分。采用线性粒级和对数粒级两种粒度划分方法,对青海湖东岸沙地多个风成砂-古土壤沉积剖面进行了系统分析。结果表明：粒级划分对于敏感组分提取结果具有一定的影响,对数粒级提取的粗粒敏感组分比细粒组分具有更大标准偏差,而线性粒级的提取结果则显示细粒组分对于环境变化更为敏感;两种方法提取的细粒敏感组分差异较大,而较粗组分和粗粒组分较为一致。在运用粒级-标准偏差法提取环境敏感粒度指标时,两种划分方法都能有效地提取粗粒敏感组分,而在提取细粒敏感组分方面线性粒级较对数粒级划分法能取得更好的效果。采用线性粒级-标准偏差法提取了青海湖东岸沙地风成沉积物粒度敏感组分,发现黏粒组分（0~4μm）可以作为夏季风强度变化的替代性指标,中细砂组分（144~321μm）可以指示风沙活动的强弱,极细砂组分（60~126μm）可能受局部地形的影响较大,其古气候意义有待进一步查明。     

Investigating the impact of the temporal resolution of MODIS data on measured phenology in the prairie grasslands

ABSTRACT

The temporal resolution of vegetation indices (VIs) determines the details of seasonal variation in vegetation dynamics observed by remote sensing, but little has been known about how the temporal resolution of VIs affects the retrieval of land surface phenology (LSP) of grasslands. This study evaluated the impact of temporal resolution of MODIS NDVI, EVI, and per-pixel green chromatic coordinate (GCCpp) on the quality and accuracy of the estimated LSP metrics of prairie grasslands. The near-surface PheonoCam phenology data for grasslands centered over Lethbridge PhenoCam grassland site were used as the validation datasets due to the lack of in situ observations for grasslands in the Prairie Ecozone. MODIS Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) data from 2001 to 2017 were used to compute the time series of daily reference and to simulate 2–32 day MODIS VIs. The daily reference and simulated multi-day time series were fitted with the double logistic model, and the LSP metrics were then retrieved from the modeled daily time series separately. Comparison within satellite-based estimates showed no significant difference in the phenological metrics derived from daily reference and multi-day VIs resampled at a time step less than 18 days. Moreover, a significant decline in the ability of multi-day VIs to predict detailed temporal dynamics of daily reference VIs was revealed as the temporal resolution increased. Besides, there were a variety of trends for the onset of phenological transitions as the temporal resolution of VIs changed from 1 to 32 days. Comparison with PhenoCam phenology data presented small and insignificant differences in the mean bias error (MBE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) of grassland phenological metrics derived from daily, 8-, 10-, 14-, and 16-day MODIS VIs. Overall, this study suggested that the MODIS VIs resampled at a time step less than 18 days are favorable for the detection of grassland phenological transitions and detailed seasonal dynamics in the Prairie Ecozone.     

桂东金矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因

在详细论述桂东地区金矿床赋存的构造地质环境，控矿地层岩性及岩浆活动与金矿化与关系等成矿地质特征基础上，通过矿石微量元素和稀土元素特征及硫，铅，氢氧稳定同位素组成特征研究证实，在矿物质以深源岩交为主，混有少量壳源物质成矿流体为岩浆水，后期混有少量变持水和大气降水，矿床具有多源，多成因及多期次成矿特征，矿床成因类型主要有岩浆热液，变质热液和复合叠加类型，而以后者为主。     

青岛大珠山高分异花岗岩地球化学特征与含矿性分析

青岛大珠山位于莱州湾南西,小珠山南西侧,属于中生代晚燕山期酸性侵入花岗岩体,岩性以中粗粒钾长花岗岩和花岗斑岩为主。前人对小珠山地球化学特征已有研究,但大珠山花岗岩地球化学研究尚处空白阶段。对所取的十件样品进行岩相学、全岩主微量及稀土元素、Li同位素、锆石U-Pb测年、斜长石电子探针原位分析。结果显示：岩相学表明研究区花岗岩含有锂辉石,有明显伟晶岩脉,岩石类型为I—S型花岗岩;样品为高硅花岗岩(SiO₂=66.97%～74.97%);全碱含量高(Na₂O+K₂O=8.70%～10.73%),属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.25～0.56)。计算高分异花岗岩常见指数：铝饱和指数(A/CNK=0.91～1.01);分异指数(DI)为87.07～96.65;锆饱和温度为836.3～862.6℃;锆石Ti温度计反映岩浆结晶温度为698.5～738.9℃。年代学表明样品年龄为113.1±0.36 Ma,为早白垩世崂山期花岗岩。研究区花岗岩具有明显稀土元素四分组效应(TE_{1, 3}=1.04～...     

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