川南平川镁铁质-超镁铁质岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

为探讨镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的岩石学特征及成岩成矿作用时间序列, 完善区域成岩成矿年代学格架, 对平川地区的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩进行了元素地球化学分析和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年.测试结果显示, 黄草坪辉长岩成岩年龄为259.7±1.2 Ma, 其捕获锆石结晶年龄为269.8±2.4 Ma, 辉绿(玢)岩等次火山岩参考成岩年龄为248± Ma, 其变质锆石年龄为67± Ma.研究结果表明, 平川地区的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩产出于大陆裂谷环境, 岩浆源区来自上地幔尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩, 为一套同源异相有利于铁矿化形成的富钠质拉斑玄武质岩石系列.岩浆活动开始孕育时间不晚于269.8±2.4 Ma, 大规模岩浆活动发生于259.7±1.2 Ma, 其约束了岩浆分异型和火山喷发(溢)沉积型矿化的成矿时间, 次火山岩的成岩年龄约束了次火山热液型矿化的成矿时间上限, 变质锆石U-Pb年龄记录了平川地区经历了喜马拉雅期陆内造山作用.平川地区构造岩浆活动具有爆发性、阶段性和成矿专属性等特点, 镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的形成可能与岩石圈的大规模减薄作用有关, 攀西地区海西-印支期的成岩-成矿作用为同源岩浆受区域统一深部地球动力学背景约束演化的异相产物.      

层次分析与模糊数学综合评价法在矿山环境评价中的应用

采用遥感技术提取矿山环境评价因子,运用层次分析法与模糊数学法对三江成矿带南段矿山环境进行综合评价.层次分析法确定的矿山环境评价因子按权重排序,依次为植被覆盖率、土地利用、地形地貌、矿山地质灾害、水土流失和矿山开发占地;模糊数学法评价的区域矿山环境隶属第一等级“好”.通过GIS平台,按权重值对评价因子进行叠加、成图,实现了三江成矿带南段的矿山环境评价.层次分析与模糊数学综合评价法,不仅综合考虑矿山环境影响因子,且充分发挥了2种数学方法的优点,将动态与静态、定量与非定量等指标有机结合,发挥其因素和过程的模糊性,减少了专家人为评分的主观性,使评价结果更符合实际.     

钒矿床研究进展与展望

钒是工业国家重点关注和争夺的资源,已被部分国家列为关键金属。本文对矿床类型、地质特征、时空分布以及成矿机制等方面进行了系统总结和分析,以期丰富钒成矿理论研究,为提高钒资源的预测和勘查效率提供支撑,为钒资源储备提供保障。研究发现,钒矿床主要分为岩浆型和沉积型,其中岩浆型钒矿床（主要指钒钛磁铁矿床）成矿与铁镁质–超铁镁质岩及部分斜长岩侵位密切相关,成矿年龄与成岩年龄一致,钒可能来自上地幔并在岩浆演化过程中结晶析出赋存于含钒钛磁铁矿中;沉积型钒矿床多形成于黑色岩系及部分砂岩中,成矿多集中于上寒武世,钒可能来自海水和赋矿围岩,由于氧化还原电位降低,以吸附和类质同象等形式赋存于有机质和硅酸盐矿物中。同时,钒矿床的成因研究存在较多问题,如成矿物质钒的来源、迁移过程、赋存形式及富集条件等。笔者建议在今后研究中通过分析钒化学行为、围岩沉积物理–化学–生物条件及岩浆演化的地质动力背景来解析钒矿床成因机制。     

Geochemical baseline of trace elements in the sediment in Dexing area,South China

A baseline might be used as a point of reference to monitor change from some specific data without concern for whether the baseline determination is natural or has been changed by human activity. We selected 326 sediment samples from Dexing area, South China, and analyzed for 17 chemical elements. The geochemical baseline was predicted with the method of the normalization procedure combined with the relative cumulative frequency curve. The results indicate Al was the best reference element for the normalization procedure among four potential reference elements (Al, Fe, Ti, and Mn). The baseline value range obtained from the normalization procedure method included both the regional geochemical background of the sediment and the median value of the measured contents. The median value of baselines obtained from relative cumulative frequency method was lower than that obtained from normalization procedure method. In contrast to the geochemical patterns of heavy metals in 1987, the spatial distribution of anomalies sprawled in 2004 in study area, especially for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe, and Cr.     

Model for the formation of arsenic contamination in groundwater. 1. Datong Basin,China

Mineral equilibria were analyzed in the system As-bearing rock-meteoric water. It was shown that carbonate rocks are the most probable source of As and Sr in the waters of the Datong Basin (People's Republic of China). The reason for groundwater enrichment in As is the shift of the equilibrium FeCO₃ (siderite) + H₂O = FeOOH(goethite) + CO₂(g) + H₂(g) to the left (toward siderite formation) owing to organic matter oxidation by atmospheric oxygen and an increase in the equilibrium partial pressure of CO₂, while the Eh of the system remains below ?0.30 ± 0.06 V.     

三峡库区消落区土壤磷释放的环境影响因子

以三峡库区消落区万州段为试验基地,选取释磷能力较强的紫色冲积土,根据三峡水库消落带的"干湿交替"空间和时间特征,进行万州断面土壤磷释放的影响因子的实验室模拟试验和万州江面淹没的对照试验。研究发现,随着淹水时间的变化,各种形态的磷在前5~10d各形态磷变化有相当的差异,随后变化趋势趋于稳定。TP有降低的趋势,土壤磷有一定的释放。野外研究表明Olsen-P在淹水10周左右到达最大值,以后缓慢降低。淹水时土壤Olsen-P增加,干燥后降低。多次淹水时每次淹水后土壤的有效磷水平都略有增加,落干后相较上次落干后有效磷水平降低,最后一次淹水后相较与初始时Olsen-P水平低16.7%。随着淹水深度增加,土壤的Olsen-P水平在淹水时由淹水前20.53mg/kg提高到43.23mg/kg,增加110.6%。当上覆水磷浓度较低时(<2mg/L),磷吸附到达平衡的时间较短,约需要6周。当上覆水磷浓度较高(>2mg/L)时,磷吸附到达平衡的时间较长。微生物活动对淹水土壤的磷释放有一定影响,有微生物时磷的释放高于无微生物者0.048mg/L。种植植物的土壤在淹水后Olsen-P含量大于土壤直接淹没时的释放量,种植狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)和野地瓜藤(Ficustikoua)的土壤中Olsen-P分别较未种植物土壤释放量高出21.5%和12.7%。     

A geochemical survey of trace elements in agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil in Dexing area,China

In China, soil pollution is very serious, which has jeopardized the ecology, food safety, the people's health, and even the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to investigate the soil pollution situation, a total of 874 agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil samples were collected from Dexing area, northeast of Jiangxi Province, China. The total elemental concentrations of 17 elements (As, Hg, Mo, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, and Na) were determined. The geochemical background and threshold was predicted with the method of the median ± median absolute deviation (MAD). The agricultural soil median concentration of trace elements was similar to that of the non-agricultural soil. In contrast to Jiangxi soil background of trace elements, the geochemical background of the study area was obviously higher. The maps of the pollution indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ti and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area, showed that the highest level of pollution is distributed near and along the Lean River, especially in the neighboring and surrounding Dexing and Leping mining area.     

Origin of the Neoproterozoic Baijianshan Banded Iron Formation at the Southeastern Margin of the Tarim Block in NW China: Implication for an Extremely Reducing Ocean

The Neoproterozoic banded iron formations(BIFs)were closely associated with the“Snowball Earth”during the breakup of the Rodinia,thus they played an important role in our understanding of the atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels during this period.In this contribution,the Neoproterozoic(ca.737 Ma)Baijianshan BIF at Southeast Tarim,northwestern China was identified.Magnetite is the dominated iron-species,which occurs as the lamina interbedded with chert.The BIF contains low concentrations of trace elements,and is depleted in light rare earth elements(LREEs)based on comparison with the Post-Archean Australian Shale(PAAS).In addition,the BIF exhibits slightly positive La-Eu anomalies,negligible Ce anomalies,insignificant Y anomalies,chondritic Y/Ho ratios(23-32),and slightly chondritic initial ε_Nd(t=737 Ma)values(?0.45 to 1.46,averaging 0.37).All these features indicate that the precipitation of Baijianshan BIF was closely related to the submarine low-T hydrothermal fluids with little detrital contribution.Moreover,the Baijianshan BIF is characterized by the significant enrichment of heavy Fe isotopes,with δ⁵⁷Fe_IRMM-014 values ranging from 1.78‰ to 3.05‰,revealing the partial oxidation of Fe²⁺ into Fe³⁺ during the precipitation of this BIF.Our data suggest that the formation of Baijianshan BIF was closely associated with a significantly reducing ocean,which most likely was isolated from the oxidized atmosphere by a local ice sheet.This Neoproterozoic Baijianshan ocean has the initial oxygen levels as low as,or even lower than that of Archean and Paleoproterozoic oceans.     

渤海南部海域年极值波浪和设计波浪的特征研究

本文用统计计算和后报方法，获得了本海域不同海区多年年极值波高（Ｈ１／１０）资料。用Ｐ－Ⅲ型和短期测波资料频率分析方法，估算了各海区的设计波高，并依据文献［３］计算出对应的平均周期。用Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｆｆ适合度方法检验所得的结果表明，依Ｐ－Ⅲ型方法拟配的理论频率曲线与经验点十分吻合，从而确定了本海域不同海区最佳的设计波浪。分析本海域年极值波浪的基本特征表明，本海域除了渤海湾北部海区以外，主浪向一般为ＮＮＥ向，渤海海峡区的年极值波高和设计波高均为最大，而向莱州湾及渤海湾沿岸海区逐渐减小；在沿岸海区，由龙口至黄河口一带的极值波高较大。