区域协同发展背景下边缘城市的空间治理与融入策略——以广东省中山市为例

中国推进区域协同发展战略的核心要点在于统筹各区域当中边缘城市的发展,以实现全区域共同富裕。与此同时,在知识经济的背景下,高新技术产业开发区已成为各城市参与区域分工的重要场域空间。因此,随着区域协同发展战略的不断深化,边缘城市如何依托高新区带动全市融入区域一体化进程,已成为一个值得关注的话题。以广东省中山市为例,使用定性研究方法探究边缘城市通过一定的空间治理和融入策略来服务构建区域新发展格局的具体过程。研究发现：① 中山市积极构建高新区的“超地方性”,强调空间治理的目标是服务区域协同发展;② 推动多个城市职能尺度上移是边缘城市整体融入区域的重要策略,是中山市避免被继续边缘化的有效途径。     

汶川地震后北川新县城选址探讨

5·12汶川地震摧毁了北川县城--曲山镇.为了促进全国唯一的羌族自治县在灾后恢复与快速发展,县城异地重建是必然的选择.在各级政府、相关部门的前期工作基础上,北川新县城已有5个备选场址,即擂鼓镇场址、永安镇场址、安昌镇场址、桑枣镇场址和板凳桥场址等.在此,分别从地质条件、地貌条件、5·12地震反应、社会影响和民族关系等方面,比较了 5处备选重建场址的优势和劣势.虽然永安镇场址在各方面的优势均处于中等或中等偏上,但最后综合考虑,建议选择安县永安镇场址作为北川新县城场址.     

Correlations among combustion effluent species at Barrow,Alaska: Aerosol black carbon,carbon dioxide,and methane

As part of the second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP II) continuous measurements of atmospheric aerosol black carbon (BC) were made at the NOAA/GMCC observatory at Barrow, Alaska (71°19N, 156°36W) during the period March 21–April 22, 1986. Black carbon is produced only by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials and so is a particularly useful atmospheric indicator of anthropogenic activities. The BC data have been analyzed together with the concurrent measurements of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and condensation nuclei (CN) that are routinely made at the observatory. All four species showed elevated and highly variable concentrations due to local human activities, principally in the township of Barrow, 7 km to the southwest, and at the DEW Line radar installation 1 km to the northwest. We distinguish between those periods of the record that are affected by local activities and those that are not, on the basis of the short-term (periods of up to 1 hour) variability of the continuous CO₂ and CN records, with large short-term variabilities indicating local sources. We identified seven periods of time (events) with durations ranging from 13 to 37 hours when the BC, CO₂, and CH₄ concentrations changed smoothly over time, were highly correlated with each other, and were not influenced by local activities. These events had BC/CO₂ ratios in the range (50–103)×10^–6. These ratios are dimensionless since we convert the CO₂ concentrations to units of ng m^–3 of carbon. Such values of BC/CO₂ are characteristic of the combustion effluent from large installations burning heavy fuel oil or coal, automobiles, and domestic-scale natural gas usage. We conclude that these events are indicative of air masses that have been polluted with combustion emissions in a distant location and then transported to the Arctic. In the absence of species-selective loss mechanisms, these air masses will maintain their combustion effluent signatures during the transport. The BC/CO₂ ratios found for the local combustion activities are consistent with those expected from known combustion processes.     

风景区泥石流防治特点与技术

中国大部分风景区位于山区,泥石流时有活动,破坏景观资源,危害生态环境,危及游人安全,而风景区泥石流往往暴发频次低,多含有漂木。分析了风景区泥石流防治的需求和特点,提出了风景区泥石流防治以保护自然景观和生态环境为主、灾害治理工程与自然景观相协调的基本目标。通过泥石流形成区源头治理、新型结构(梳齿坝、滤水坝、预制组合结构)和林内分散拦淤等措施,实现风景区的泥石流的治理目标,形成了以减灾工程与自然景观相协调和工程减灾与生态减灾功能相结合的风景区泥石流治理技术。采用这些技术对世界自然遗产九寨沟的14条灾害性泥石流进行治理,有效地控制了泥石流的发生和成灾,达到了保护景观资源、生态环境、游客与居民安全的目的。     

On the regional distributions of background carbon monoxide concentrations observed in East Asia during 1991–2008

The carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations observed at Mt. Waliguan in China (WLG), Ulaan Uul in Mongolia (UUM), Tae-ahn Peninsula in Korea (TAP) and Ryori in Japan (RYO) were analysed between 1991 and 2008. The average annual concentration of CO, a toxic air pollutant, was the highest at TAP (235±44 ppb), followed by RYO (169±35 ppb), UUM (154±27 ppb) and WLG (138±24 ppb). These data obtained in East Asia were also compared with CO data from Mauna Loa, Hawaii. CO tends to be highest in spring and lowest in summer in East Asia, with the exception of WLG. TAP had the highest CO concentrations in all seasons compared with WLG, UUM and RYO, and displays a wide short-term variability in concentration. This is caused by large-scale air pollution owing to its downwind location, close to continental East Asia. CO concentrations observed at TAP were analysed as follows: according to the origin of the isentropic backward trajectory and its transport passage; as continental background airflows (CBG); regionally polluted continental airflows (RPC); oceanic background airflows (OBG); and partly perturbed oceanic airflows (PPO). The high concentrations of CO at TAP are because of the airflow originating from the East Asian continent, rather than the North Pacific. RPCs, which pass through eastern China, appear to have high CO concentrations in spring, autumn and winter. It is noteworthy that the overall trend at TAP does not show an increase despite the fact that energy use in China approximately doubled from 1991 to 2008. OBGs, however, are affected by North Pacific air masses with low CO concentrations in summer.     

On 50th Anniversary of the Global Carbon Dioxide Record

The 50-year global CO₂ record led the way in establishing a scientific fact: modern civilization is changing important properties of the global atmosphere, oceans and biosphere. The evidence on which this scientific fact is based will be refined further, but the next challenge for scientists is broader. In addition to its traditional role in providing discovery, diagnosis, and prediction of the changes that are taking place on our planet, science has now also a role in helping society mitigate emissions by objectively quantifying them, and in helping adaptation by providing environmental forecasts on regional scales. Science is also expected to provide new options for society to tackle the transition to a new energy system, and to provide thorough environmental evaluation of all such options. This is what the meeting recognized as planetary responsibilities for scientists in the next 50 years.     

我国山地灾害及其防治

我国山地自然环境独特，具备山地灾害形成条件，因而山地灾害发育，分布广泛，活动频繁，危害严重．２０世纪８０年代以来，山地灾害有了新发展，造成经济损失巨大．对山地灾害成因。分布特征，以及综合防治原则和方法作了分析．