卤水中铷铯的分离与提取

在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上,对采用沉淀法、离子交换法和溶剂萃取法从卤水中分离提取铷、铯进行了较为系统的评述。     

Precambrian Geochronology, Chronotectonic Framework and Model of Chronocrustal Structure of the Zhongtiao Mountains

The Zhongtiao Mountains, a typical exposure area of Precambrian rocks, are a concentration area of vari-ous types of copper deposit. The rocks were dated using several dating methods. Based on the age data ob-tained by means of three methods, several aspects are dealt with: (1) the dating results obtained by differentmethods and their geological implications have been compared; (2) a chronotectonic framework has been con-structed by means of these reliable ages, which indicates that the ages of the rocks of the Proterozoic mobilebelt fall in a time span of 2400 to 2000 Ma during which global magmatic records are lacking and reflects theages of important events in the mobile belt; (3) according to the ages of inherited zircons, neodymium modelage of the depleted mantle sources (T_(DM)) and geochemical and geological data, a model of Precambrianchronocrustal structure has been constructed, representing a typical for the North China craton.     

重新认识宿松群

本文在对原宿松群进行深入研究和解剖基础上，将其解体为浦河片麻岩套与宿松岩群。重新厘定了宿松岩群自下而上，由甘田拗岩组（新建）、柳坪岩组、大新屋岩组、梓树坞岩组（新建）所组成的构造地层序列。分析了宿松岩群在南部与原大别群非不整合接触关系，在北部为过渡关系。从孢粉组合，地层序列等方面进一步论证了宿松岩群属震旦系。为重新认识大别山变质造山带的形成演化及高压带形成折返机制提供了新的地质依据。     

链子崖裂缝群的相对运动规律

本文对链子崖裂缝相对位移的17年长期观测数据进行归纳和整理,获得裂缝群的相对运动规律,从而分析了危岩体的发展趋势,为评价链子崖的稳定性提供依据。     

岩盐及芒硝中各种化合物质量分数的计算

本文以等物质的量的反应规则建立了岩盐、芒硝中各种化合物的质量分数的计算公式。这些公式既符合法定计量单位的要求，又方便计算。     

Rainfall-triggering response patterns of post-seismic debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area

Several giant debris flows occurred in southwestern China after the Wenchuan earthquake, causing serious casualties and economic losses. Debris flows were frequently triggered after the earthquake. A relatively accurate prediction of these post-seismic debris flows can help to reduce the consequent damages. Existing debris flow prediction is almost based on the study of the relationship between post-earthquake debris flows and rainfall. The relationship between the occurrence of post-seismic debris flows and characteristic rainfall patterns was studied in this paper. Fourteen rainfall events related to debris flows that occurred in four watersheds in the Wenchuan earthquake area were collected. By analyzing the rainfall data, characteristics of rainfall events that triggered debris flows after the earthquake were obtained. Both the critical maximum rainfall intensity and average rainfall intensity increased with the time. To describe the critical conditions for debris flow initiation, intensity–duration curves were constructed, which shows how the threshold for triggering debris flows increased each year. The time that the critical rainfall intensities of debris flow occurrences return to the value prior to the earthquake could not be estimated due to the absent rainfall data before the earthquake. Rainfall-triggering response patterns could be distinguished for rainfall-induced debris flows. The critical rainfall patterns related to debris flows could be divided on the basis of antecedent rainfall duration and intensity into three categories: (1) a rapid triggering response pattern, (2) an intermediate triggering response pattern, and (3) a slow triggering response pattern. The triggering response patterns are closely related to the initiation mechanisms of post-earthquake debris flows. The main difference in initiation mechanisms and difference in triggering patterns by rainfall is regulated by the infiltration process and determined by a number of parameters, such as hydro-mechanical soil characteristics, the thickness of the soil, and the slope gradient. In case of a rapid triggering response rainfall pattern, the hydraulic conductivity and initial moisture content are the main impact factors. Runoff erosion and rapid loading of solid material is the dominant process. In case of a rainfall pattern with a slow triggering response, the thickness and strength of the soil, high hydraulic conductivity, and rainfall intensity are the impact factors. Probably slope failure is the most dominant process initiating debris flows. In case of an intermediate triggering response pattern, both debris flow initiation mechanisms (runoff erosion and slope failure) can play a role.     

Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of oil sand in Houba area,northwestern Sichuan Basin,China

Houba oil sand in frontier Longmenshan Mountain is one of the most typically important unconventional resources. The basic reservoir characteristics of oil sand and the main factors affecting reservoir quality were examined in this article based on porosity, permeability, and mercury porosimetry measurements; thin section analyses; SEM observation; and X-ray diffraction analysis. This study shows that the oil-bearing sandstone reservoir is mainly medium?coarse-grained sublitharenite and litharenite. The main pore type is intergranular pores, including residual primary intergranular pores, dissolved intergranular pores, and dissolved intragranular pores; fractures are common in this study area. The quality of sandstone reservoir is of high porosity and high permeability with a high oil saturation of 89.84 %. It is indicated that the main controlling factors of the reservoir in the study area include deposition, diagenesis, and tectonism. Deposition laid a foundation to porosity evolution, and channel sand is the most favorable depositional facies for the reservoir. Diagenetic alterations are the keys to reservoir evolution; dissolution and chlorite coatings cementation play an effective role in the generation and preservation of pores. Compaction, carbonate cementation, and quartz overgrowth cause many damages to the reservoir porosity. Fractures caused by structural breakages can improve the reservoir permeability and they also can provide fluid migration pathways to the late corrosion, which formed a lot of corroded fissures as reservoir and percolation spaces.     

华北地台西缘早-中寒武世过渡期核形石：微生物群落对浅海缺氧环境的响应*

地质记录表明在早-中寒武世过渡期发生了一次重要的生物灭绝事件,但对其成因的认识仍存在分歧。作者试图通过对华北地台该时段广泛发育的核形石微组构和矿化过程研究,揭示微生物群落对灾变事件和海洋环境变化的响应。研究发现核形石内富含细菌化石;包壳的微组构和有机矿化特征表明其形成于细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR)作用活跃的高碱度海水条件,密集的莓状黄铁矿微粒和异养细菌残余指示为缺氧环境;而沉积相分析显示核形石发育于浅海陆棚背景。研究认为,同期的核形石及其他可对比微生物岩不仅在华北广泛分布,在其他大陆和板块上也有良好记录,表明在这个生物灾变期浅海环境有广泛的微生物群爆发,并可能与大火成岩省喷发、全球气温升高以及深部缺氧海水向陆棚侵进引起的浅海广泛缺氧相关。早-中寒武世过渡期广泛发育的微生物岩可能记录了底栖动物大量灭绝后,微生物群在缺氧水体中的快速繁盛与生态扩张过程。     

中国南方风化磷块岩研究

中国南方风化磷块岩中的风化磷矿的自然类型可分为两类七种型式，其中以“原位面型风化磷矿”和“位移溶洞砂砾磷矿”为主。风化磷矿是由其原矿的自身特性与外部适宜条件（水文地质条件为主导）综合作用的产物。根据碳酸盐、磷酸盐矿物分解、淋失程度可划分为弱风化、风化、强风化三个阶段。可用直接法、间接法和数学法３类共１３种方法加以判别     

陕西省潼关县碾头岔含金石墨矿工艺矿物学研究

工艺矿物学系统研究表明：碾头岔含金石墨矿床的矿石中除石墨外,可综合利用的有用元素还有金、铜等。金矿物颗粒较细,主要以独立矿物形式赋存于载体矿物黄铜矿、黄铁矿及石墨中。黄铜矿是主要的铜矿物,其次有蓝辉铜矿。石墨呈独立矿物存在,片大且较平直,属于大鳞片石墨,矿石中总碳仅有６５％左右以石墨碳形态存在。上述３种有用元素均可通过合理磨矿,选择适宜的选矿条件得到金精矿、铜精矿和石墨精矿。然而由于石墨精矿中杂质较多且颗粒细小,主要为极细的片状硅酸盐,要得到高品级石墨,用机械选矿办法是无能为力的,需要对精矿进一步加工处理方可奏效。