γ射线脉冲星的辐射光度

本文以极冠模型为基础,计算了脉冲星γ射线辐射光度,指出对不同的脉冲星必须考虑辐射立体角和可见辐射区对观测光度的影响．考虑了这些观测效应后,计算的光度和观测值基本符合．预言了一些可能的γ射线脉冲星,并对其性质进行了研究．     

南方集约农区农牧结合对农业可持续发展的作用

为寻求该区农业可持续发展的途径,作者在分析其农业可持续发展的主要制约因素基础上,对农牧结合在实现农业可持续发展中的功能作了全面论述。结果表明,农牧结合是实现该区农业可持续发展的一条有效途径。最后还提出了该农区农牧结合的可行途径及有效措施     

钒的Kβ谱带精细结构的测定及钒的价态分析

用普通Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪测定了钒的氧化物、钒酸盐及含钒混合物中Ｖ的Ｋβ谱线,借助一套有效的谱处理程序,获得了有关Ｋβ谱线精细结构的谱峰参数,证实了谱线轮廓（Ｋβ″峰逐渐显著,Ｋβ５、Ｋβ″向高能端位移,Ｋβ５与Ｋβ１,３的分开趋势,Ｋβ１,３半峰宽发生变化）及谱峰参数（Ｋβ５峰能量,Ｋβ５与Ｋβ１,３能量差,Ｋβ５与Ｋβ１,３及Ｋβ″与Ｋβ１,３的强度比,以及Ｋβ５和Ｋβ１,３的不对称因子）与Ｖ的氧化数变化呈很强的相关性及规律性变化。     

桂北动物物候气候变暖响应

对桂北地区1989~2007年青蛙、蟋蟀始鸣和终鸣以及气温等气候要素1975~2007年同步观测资料的对比分析结果表明,近10年来桂北地区青蛙和蟋蟀始鸣日期呈提前趋势,终鸣日期稳定,始终鸣间隔期及生长繁殖季显著延长;桂林雁山近34年来年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,特别是1997年以来增温显著,在增温过程中以春季增温为主,冬季和秋季增温次之,夏季呈弱降温趋势;2~4月平均气温和3月平均最高气温是影响青蛙和蟋蟀始鸣期和始终鸣间隔期的主要气候生态因子;动物物候变化是动物对气候变暖的响应。     

Building extraction from LIDAR based semantic analysis

Extraction of buildings from LIDAR data has been an active research field in recent years. A scheme for building detection and reconstruction from LIDAR data is presented with an object-oriented method which is based on the buildings' semantic rules. Two key steps are discussed: how to group the discrete LIDAR points into single objects and how to establish the buildings' semantic rules. In the end, the buildings are reconstructed in 3D form and three common parametric building models (flat, gabled, hipped) are implemented.     

内江市近40年日照变化的统计特征

利用１９６０－１９９５年内江市各测站的逐月日照时数资料，分析了内江市近４０年来日照的变化特征，发现区域平均日照以４６．９８小时／１０年的倾向率减少，这种减少趋势主要表现在冬、夏两季。同时还检测出内江市区域平均年日照时数在１９８０年发生突变，共后进入一个相对少日照对段。     

The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay,Hainan Island,China

Sanya Bay encompasses a high diversity of natural habitats, ranging from coral reefs, rocky and sandy shores and mudflats to mangroves. Seasonal physicochemical and biological investigations were conducted from 1998 to 1999 and again in April 2000. Water-related environmental quality in Sanya Bay is in good condition. The levels of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals are within the first class of National Seawater Quality Standards for China. Annual mean values of chlorophyll a of 0.93 mg m(-3) and phytoplankton primary productivity of 440.8 mgC m(-2)d(-1), respectively, were found in the waters, both of which show a significant correlation with inorganic nitrogen. A mean new productivity of 144.6 mgC m(-2) d(-1) was recorded in summer. Sanya Bay is rich in natural resources and biodiversity with 235 species of phytoplankton and 129 species of zooplankton identified in the survey. The annual mean abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 1564 x 10 cells m(-3) and 121 individuals m(-3), respectively, with an annual mean zooplankton biomass of 129 mg m(-3). A total of 243 species of fish were sampled in the survey including many of high economic value. Three hundred and eighty-four species of benthos in 121 families were found by mud sampling and trawling. The average biomass of benthic organisms was 11.55 gm(-2), with a density of 31 individuals m(-2). Molluscs were the dominant group, followed by crustaceans; coelenterates exhibited the lowest biomass. One hundred and twenty-six species from 48 families of intertidal organisms were collected by frame sampling, with a mean annual biomass of 644.7 gm(-2) and average density of 816 individuals m(-2). The highest biomass of 1673.5 gm(-2) was collected in a coral reef region, while the highest density of 1219 individuals m(-2) occurred in a mangrove region. The coastline is characterized by coral reefs that accounts for 30% of the total coastline length in the bay, so coral reefs are a key ecosystem that are important for maintaining the regional marine resources and biodiversity. We need to pay much more attention to such diverse marine resources to maintain the integrity and function of these coastal ecosystems.     

粤港澳大湾区气溶胶对白天城市热岛强度的影响

以粤港澳大湾区为例,利用卫星遥感资料结合大气化学模式模拟,分析2003―2018年城市热岛强度、气溶胶光学厚度的变化规律,定性和定量研究气溶胶对白天城市热岛强度的影响。结果表明：2003―2018年粤港澳大湾区城市热岛强度呈波动上升趋势,夏季热岛强度最大,冬季热岛强度最小;气溶胶光学厚度呈波动下降趋势,春季气溶胶光学厚度最大,冬季气溶胶光学厚度最小。在年际和季节尺度,城市热岛强度与城区、郊区气溶胶光学厚度之差均呈弱的正相关。基于WRF-Chem的模拟实验表明,气溶胶的存在导致城区、郊区地表向下总辐射减少、地表温度降低,且城区地表向下总辐射减少多于郊区、降温幅度大于郊区,进而导致了热岛强度减弱。气溶胶对城市热岛强度的贡献率为?2.187%,冬季贡献率绝对值略高于夏季。     

Turnover Frequency in Solar Microwave Bursts with an Extremely Flat Optically Thin Spectrum

Four microwave bursts have been selected from the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeter (NoRP) observations with an extremely flat spectrum in the optically thin part and a very hard spectral index between 0 and ?1 in the maximum phase of all bursts. It is found that the time evolution of the turnover frequency is inversely proportional to the time profiles of the radio flux in all bursts. Based on the nonthermal gyrosynchrotron theory of Ramaty (Astrophys. J. 158, 753, 1969), the local magnetic field strength and the electron spectral index are calculated uniquely from the observed radio spectral index and the turnover frequency. We found that the electron energy spectrum is very hard (spectral index 1?–?2), and the time variation of the magnetic field strength is also inversely proportional to the radio flux as a function of time in all bursts. Hence, the time evolution of the turnover frequency can be explained directly by its dependence on the local magnetic field strength. The high turnover frequency (several tens of GHz) is mainly caused by a strong magnetic field of up to several hundred gauss, and probably by the Razin effect under a high plasma density over \(10^{10}~\mbox{cm}^{-3}\) in the maximum phase of these bursts. Therefore, the extremely flat microwave spectrum can be well understood by the observed high turnover frequency and the calculated hard electron spectral index.     

热带印度洋海温的年际变化与ENSO

文中讨论了热带印度洋海表温度距平空间分布的年际变化与赤道中东太平洋海温的关系。EOF分析的结果表明 ,印度洋海温的变化主要存在全区符号一致的单极型和西部与东南部符号相反的偶极型 ,它们具有显著的年际变化。小波凝聚谱揭示了单极、偶极的变化与Nino3区海表温度距平存在密切关系 ,印度洋海温距平从偶极到单极的变化对应着ElNi no事件从发展到衰减的过程。平均而言 ,印度洋偶极超前Nino3区海温距平约 4个月 ,单极滞后约 6个月。整个热带印度洋 -太平洋地区海气耦合特征的演变表明 ,与ElNino从发展到衰减相联系的热带西太平洋海气耦合相互作用在印度洋海温距平从偶极到单极的演变过程中起着非常重要的作用。