南海北部的等辐骨虫

对南海北部的等辐骨虫以往没有进行过研究。1959年和1962年我们乘全国海洋综合调查的机会，先后对广东沿海和海南岛以南海域进行了调查，本文系该调查研究的结果。广东沿海位处亚热带，是南海边缘海域，受南海暖流影响，等辐骨虫的种类和数量都很丰富，仅初步调查所获已超过东海西部和西沙群岛所发现的种数。文中描述了中国沿海首次记录的等辐骨虫共8种，对各个种的分布及其与环境因子的关系等作了初步探讨。     

Quantification constraints on time gap for comagmatic gold deposits： Evidence from chronological statistics

The time gap between diagenesis and mineralization （TGDM） for comagmatic gold deposits （CGD） plays an important role in confirming the genetic relationship between gold deposits and their related intrusions. With the help of preciously published isotopic ages of some typical gold deposits and their related rocks in China, the authors have discussed and quantified the distribution characteristics and scope of the TGDM. Statistical analyses and Kolmogorov tests showed that mineralizing events are either contemporaneous with or slightly postdate their cognate magma. The TGDM conforms with normal distributions at a 0.05 confidence level and clusters between 0 and 16.0 Ma with a mean of 7.0 Ma. Thus, if the TGDM of CGD is less than 16.0 Ma, it is reasonable to consider, with the aid of other evidence, the possibility of its comagmatic genetic affiliation. The authors also emphasized that to get a precise time gap it is necessary to strengthen the diagenesis-mineralization geological background of the deposits studied, and to pay attention to the study of time gap in combination with trace elements and isotope tracing.     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区铁磷矿成矿条件及找矿预测

通过对库鲁克塔格地区基性-超基性杂岩带成矿条件、地球物理、含矿杂岩体特征、岩体地球化学等几个方面的综合研究。将库鲁克塔格地区基性-超基性杂岩划分出卡乌留克塔格-团结村北山、兴地河两大杂岩矿集区。总结了控矿因素与成矿规律,建立找矿标志,进行了成矿远景预测,划分出7个成矿远景区,通过预测首次发现铁磷矿床与矿化带,为在我国北方寻找内生磷矿拓展了方向。     

An Algorithm to Produce Temporally and Spatially Continuous MODIS-LAI Time Series

Ecological and climate models require high-quality consistent biophysical parameters as inputs and validation sources. NASA's moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) biophysical products provide such data and have been used to improve our understanding of climate and ecosystem changes. However, the MODIS time series contains occasional lower quality data, gaps from persistent clouds, cloud contamination, and other gaps. Many modeling efforts, such as those used in the North American Carbon Program, that use MODIS data as inputs require gap-free data. This letter presents the algorithm used within the MODIS production facility to produce temporally smoothed and spatially continuous biophysical data for such modeling applications. We demonstrate the algorithm with an example from the MODIS-leaf-area-index (LAI) product. Results show that the smoothed LAI agrees with high-quality MODIS LAI very well. Higher R-squares and better linear relationships have been observed when high-quality retrieval in each individual tile reaches 40% or more. These smoothed products show similar data quality to MODIS high-quality data and, therefore, can be substituted for low-quality retrievals or data gaps.     

西宁市区不同天气形势下的PM_(10)输送路径及潜在源区

针对2016年西宁市区稳定和沙尘两种不同天气形势,基于后向轨迹气团的聚类分析法、潜在源贡献因子法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT),结合市环境监测站PM_(10)浓度质量资料,分析了西宁市区不同天气形势下不同来源区域PM_(10)质量浓度的贡献影响及其潜在源区。结果表明:西宁市区稳定天气PM_(10)均来自青海省境内,PM_(10)输送路径以西方和东方转向路径最多,占总轨迹数的34.78%和30.43%;西方路径主要从青海省格尔木市向东输送,东方转向路径则从西宁市西部地区向东转而向西输送,两者经过的地区均没有明显的沙源;PM_(10)的潜在贡献源区主要在西宁市区及其北部与大通县和互助县交界地区。沙尘天气PM_(10)输送路径除了以来自青海省海西州的西方路径为最多外,甘肃省河西走廊的东方转向路径也较多,占比分别达到42.11%和36.84%;西方路径PM_(10)主要从沙漠地带南疆—青海省海西州西部向东输送,东方转向路径PM_(10)则经河西走廊沙源地进入西宁市区;PM_(10)污染主要是PM_(10)由沙源地输送进入西宁市区聚集所造成。地形对PM_(10)的输送路径有较大的影响。     

南极磷虾干燥特性的研究

南极磷虾资源量大且营养丰富,是人类赖以生存的后备蛋白库,如何高效利用其资源已经成为当今科技的重点和难点。通过陆上实验,设定温度在120℃的恒定干燥条件下,对其进行热风干燥,来模拟船载南极海域条件下,南极磷虾的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。结果显示,在恒定干燥条件下,其干燥速率是0.497g·cm~(-2)·min~(-1),临界含水率为0.56 g水·g干物料~(-1);恒定干燥时间约占全部时间的三分之一。当低于临界含水率时,物料就进入了降速干燥阶段。此外,南极磷虾的干燥速率还与干燥温度和物料的烘干表面积有关;提高干燥温度和表面积都可加快干燥速率,这对于南极磷虾粉的设备设计、实际生产都有着重要的参考和指导意义。     

Spatiotemporal changes in Chinese land circulation between 2003 and 2013

Land circulation is an important measure that can be utilized to enable agricultural management at a moderate scale. It is therefore imperative to explore spatiotemporal changes in land circulation and the factors that drive these variations in order to maintain and increase the vitality of the land rental market. An initial analysis of spatiotemporal patterns in land circulation is presented in this study on the basis of data from 169,511 farm households between 2003 and 2013. The rural fixed observation point system advocated by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture was utilized for this analysis, and Heckman two-stage models were developed and estimated in order to identify the drivers of regional differences in land circulation at the national scale and at the levels of different terrains. The results of this study show that the rate of land circulation in China rose from 15.09% to 25.1% over the course of the study period, an average rate of 0.8%. More specifically, data show that the rate of land circulation in the south of China has been higher than in the north, that the average land rental payment was 4256.13 yuan per ha, and that 55.05% of households did not pay such a fee during the land circulation process. In contrast, the average rent obtained was 3648.45 yuan per ha nationally even though 52.63% of households did not obtain any payments from their tenants. The results show that land quality, geographic location, transaction costs, and household characteristics have significantly affected land circulation in different regions of China. Specifically, the marginal effects of land quality and geographic location were larger in the plain regions, while transaction cost was the key factor influencing land circulation in the hilly and mountainous regions. The signal identified in this study, rent-free land circulation, is indicative of a mismatch that has led to the marginalization of mountainous regions and higher transaction costs that have reduced the potential value of land resources. Thus, as the opportunity cost of farming continues to rise across China, the depreciation of land assets will become irreversible and the phenomenon of land abandonment will become increasingly prevalent in hilly and mountainous regions in the future. The transaction costs associated with the land rental market should be reduced to mitigate these effects by establishing land circulation intermediaries at the township level, and the critical issues of land abandonment and poverty reduction in hilly and mountainous regions should arouse more attention.     

兰新高铁烟墩大风区风沙地貌制图与风沙灾害成因

兰新高铁是中国首条穿越戈壁大风区和风沙区的高速铁路。哈密以东的烟墩大风区戈壁分布集中、地貌复杂,特殊的地貌和气候条件导致该区成为兰新高铁风沙灾害最严重的区域之一,风沙灾害影响路段占研究区路段全长的57%,其中K2810-K2817、K2820-K2840路段受灾最为严重,对高铁的安全运行造成威胁。研究表明：强劲风力和丰富沙源是造成兰新高铁风沙危害的主要原因,弃耕地、灌丛沙堆地、被破坏的戈壁地表和风蚀残丘是主要沙源。戈壁地表工程建设是高铁哈密东段地表疏松、沙害频发的另一成因。基于高分辨率遥感影像,结合实地调查,绘制了典型沙害形成模式下3个沙害路段的风沙地貌专题图,为今后建立科学合理的风沙灾害防治体系提供科学依据。     

重轨星载InSAR形变监测中一种改进的大气延迟相位校正方法

在传统空间辐射计方法基础上,将对流层中水汽垂直分层效应集成到校正模型中,提出一种改进的InSAR大气延迟相位校正方法。为验证改进方法的可行性,利用MERIS近红外水汽产品去除北京地区地面沉降InSAR监测中的大气延迟相位。以陆态网络GNSS站点监测结果为基准,验证改进的大气校正方法的监测精度。改进的大气校正方法、空间辐射计校正法和未校正的InSAR监测结果与陆态网络GNSS站点监测结果对比显示,均方根误差分别为0.388 cm、0.603 cm、0.685 cm,表明改进的方法相比于未校正和传统方法具有更高的精度,能有效削弱干涉图中的大气延迟相位误差。