辽宁1999年Ms5.9岫岩地震的剪切波分裂特征

利用辽宁遥测数字地震台网营口台的地震波形资料,采用高原等剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩Ms5.9(ML5.3)地震前后的地震序列进行了剪切波分裂分析.通过对营口台的资料分析表明,快剪切波优势偏振方向为ENE-WSW向,与该地区主压应力方向一致,也与华北区域构造应力场方向一致;平均慢剪切波时间延迟在岫岩地震前显示增加,可能反映了震前的应力积累过程.营口台的快剪切波优势偏振方向还与小地震活动空间分布走向一致,与活动断层走向相关.快剪切波偏振的月平均变化直方图也显示,地震前两个月快剪切波偏振方向似乎也有变化,但这个现象还需要更多资料的证实.     

地球模型对季节性负荷形变计算的影响——以川滇地区为例

利用川滇地区的GNSS和GRACE数据,结合不同地球模型和负荷理论,研究了地球模型对地表季节性负荷形变计算的影响,该工作对于选取合适的地球模型开展负荷形变研究具有一定的参考价值。研究表明：(1)川滇地区GNSS观测的地壳垂向季节性形变振幅为20 mm左右,GRACE反演的垂向形变与GNSS的结果相位一致,振幅存在差异。(2)区域地球模型的负荷勒夫数与其他地球模型的差异较大,且负荷勒夫数h_n对地球结构的变化较为敏感。(3)区域地球模型可以改善GRACE反演的负荷形变结果,从而减小与GNSS观测结果的差异。(4)川滇地区大部分GNSS测站的加权均方根比值减小量呈现由东北向西南方向逐渐增加的变化趋势。     

Conference Announcement. EGIS '94 Fifth European Conference and Exhibition on Geographical Information Systems (EGIS)

Abstract

The GIS literature abounds with strategies to guide the development of a corporate GIS as a single project but lacks discussion on the long term management of the GIS. This paper documents a recent study into GIS development in a state department over an 18-year period. It applies the productional perspective of GIS to model long term GIS development diagrammatically and identifies five patterns of GIS development. The outcomes reveal some long term characteristics of a corporate GIS, based on which a three-stage approach is developed to guide the long term development of an ideal corporate GIS.     

Study of the free surface flow of water–kaolinite mixture by moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method

The flow of water–kaolinite mixtures exhibits a non‐Newtonian nature that differs from the flow of Newtonian fluid. The varying viscosities and shear history of non‐Newtonian fluid flows necessitate the use of a rheology model in moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) for the numerical studies. On the other hand, the Lagrangian method has the advantage of handling free surface flows with large deformation and fragmentation. This study proposes a mesh‐free Lagrangian method, namely, the MPS method, together with a simple rheology model to investigate the non‐Newtonian free surface flows. The rheological parameters required in the rheology model are determined based upon experiments. The proposed method is applied to a water–kaolinite mixture collapse problem and is proved to be capable of reproducing the significant flow features observed in laboratory experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一次强烈雹暴的三维结构和形成机制的单、双多普勒雷达分析

利用单多普勒天气雷达的反射率因子、径向速度数据和双多普勒雷达反演的三维风场,分析了一次强烈雹暴的产生、发展和维持机制.主要结果为:该雹暴是产生于中等偏上垂直风切变和较大的对流有效位能条件下的右移风暴,它在旧无序多单体风暴的右侧产生.旧的多单体风暴和雹暴初始阶段主要雷达回波区域负的径向速度(向着雷达的速度)占主导地位,随...     

2006年7月3日黄淮地区大暴雨过程分析

利用地面和高空常规气象观测资料及全省自动站逐时观测风场资料、MM5中尺度数值模拟资料、多普勒天气雷达观测资料,对2006年7月3日发生在黄淮地区的大暴雨过程进行分析和模拟.结果表明:这次暴雨是由高空低涡前部强盛西南暖湿急流与地面生成的中气旋影响造成的;切变线两侧大气层结的强烈不稳定对形成此次短时暴雨有重要促进作用;此次临沂市短时暴雨是由低空切变线上生成的中β尺度气旋东移影响的;在有利的大尺度环流背景下,可利用数值预报产品预估过程集中影响时段,结合卫星云图资料范围大,雷达回波探测性强,自动站资料实时性、灵活性强等优点,进一步作好短时暴雨的临近预警预报,提高短时暴雨的预报提前量,努力降低短时暴雨造成的经济损失.     

印尼苏门答腊强烈地震

印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近海域当地时间2005年3月28日23时9分(北京时间29日零时9分)发生8．5级强烈地震,印度洋沿岸国家随即发出了海啸警报。本次强烈地震可能已经造成印尼近2000人死亡。     

Study of shear stress in laminar pipe flow using entropy concept

In fluid mechanics, the shear stress is calculated from the frictional force caused by viscosity and fluctuating velocity. Shear stress equations are used widely because of their simplicity. On the other hand, they have a critical limitation of requiring an energy gradient, which is generally difficult to estimate in practice. In particular, measuring the shear stress and velocity gradient on the boundary layer is difficult. The point velocity throughout the entire cross section is needed to calculate the velocity gradient. This study proposes the shear stress distribution equations for laminar flow based on entropy theory using the mean velocity and entropy coefficient. The proposed equations were compared with the measured shear stress distribution using Nikuradse’s data. The results revealed a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.99, indicating that the proposed method fits the Nikuradse’s data. Therefore, the shear stress distribution can be estimated easily and accurately using the proposed equations, which can be used in future for the management and design of a water pipeline.     

Spatial distribution and sources identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Wolong Lake,Northeast China

The aquatic ecosystem maybe significantly affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) released from fresh water sediments. In order to protect biodiversity, the spatial distribution and sources of PAHs in the sediment of Wolong Lake in Northeast China were studied. A total of 17 surface sediment samples were collected and 12 PAHs were analyzed. The results were as follows. The concentration of total PAHs(TPAHs) ranged between 1412.9 μg/kg and 3948.3 μg/kg(dry weight). Indeno [1, 2, 3-c, d] pyrene was the dominant contaminant which accounted for 87%–98% of TPAHs. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and principal component analysis showed that biomass combustion and vehicle emissions were likely to be the dominant sources of PAHs in the sediment. PAHs can be considered safe in the context of environmental and human health protection, based on the overall toxicity. Individual PAHs were positively correlated with total organic carbons. These results will be helpful to control PAHs and protect the aquatic ecosystem in the lake.